Artificial intelligence in uveitis: A comprehensive review
Uveitis is a disease complex characterized by intraocular inflammation of the uvea that is an important cause of blindness and social morbidity. With the dawn of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning integration in healthcare, their application in uveitis creates an avenue to improve screening and diagnosis. Our review identified the use of artificial intelligence in studies of uveitis and classified them as diagnosis support, finding detection, screening, and standardization of uveitis nomenclature. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - March 3, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Luis Filipe Nakayama, Lucas Zago Ribeiro, Robyn Gayle Dychiao, Yuslay Fern ández Zamora, Caio Vinicius Saito Regatieri, Leo Anthony Celi, Paolo Silva, Lucia Sobrin, Jr. Rubens Belfort Tags: Review article Source Type: research
Ocular graft-versus-host disease (oGVHD): From A to Z
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a definitive therapy for a variety of disorders. One of the complications is acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), which has a high mortality rate. Patients can also develop chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), a more indolent yet afflicting condition that affects up to 70% of patients. Ocular involvement (oGVHD) is one of the most prevalent presentations of cGVHD and can manifest as dry eye disease, meibomian gland dysfunction, keratitis, and conjunctivitis. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - March 2, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Mohammad Soleimani, Pouya Mahdavi Sharif, Kasra Cheraqpour, Raghuram Koganti, Ahmad Masoumi, Seyed Mahbod Baharnoori, Mirataollah Salabati, Ali R. Djalilian Tags: Review article Source Type: research
Practical guidance for imaging biomarkers in exudative age-related macular degeneration
We provide an overview of current macular imaging techniques and identify and describe biomarkers that may be of use in the routine management of macular diseases, particularly exudative age-related macular degeneration (n-AMD). This perspective includes sections on macular imaging techniques including optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA), classification of exudative AMD, and biomarkers in structural OCT and OCTA.Fluorescein angiography remains a vital tool for assessing the activity of neovascular lesion, while indocyanine green angiography is the preferred option for choroidal vessels imaging in ...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - February 26, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Marco Rispoli, Gilda Cennamo, Luca Di Antonio, Marco Lupidi, Mariacristina Parravano, Marco Pellegrini, Daniele Veritti, Stela Vujosevic, Maria Cristina Savastano Tags: Review article Source Type: research
Applications of hydrogel materials in different types of corneal wounds
Severe corneal injury can lead to a decrease in light transmission and even blindness. Currently, corneal transplantation has been applied as the primary treatment for corneal blindness; however, the worldwide shortage of suitable corneal donor tissue means that a large proportion of patients have no access to corneal transplants. This situation has contributed to the rapid development of various corneal substitutes. The development and optimization of novel hydrogels that aim to replace partial or full-thickness pathological corneas have advanced in the last decade. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - February 26, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Shixu Li, Xudai Ma, Yongxin Zhang, Yunhao Qu, Ling Wang, Lin Ye Tags: Review article Source Type: research
Emmetropization and nonmyopic eye growth
Most eyes start with a hypermetropic refractive error at birth, but the growth rates of the ocular components, guided by visual cues, will slow in such a way that this refractive error decreases during the first 2 years of life. Once reaching its target, the eye enters a period of stable refractive error as it continues to grow by balancing the loss in corneal and lens power with the axial elongation. Although these basic ideas were first proposed over a century ago by Straub, the exact details on the controlling mechanism and the growth process remained elusive. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - February 13, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Jos Rozema, Sebastian Dankert, Rafael Iribarren Tags: Review article Source Type: research
Emmetropization and non-myopic eye growth
Most eyes start with a hypermetropic refractive error at birth, but the growth rates of the ocular components, guided by visual cues, will slow in such a way that this refractive error decreases during the first 2 years of life. Once reaching its target, the eye enters a period of stable refractive error as it continues to grow by balancing the loss in corneal and lens power with the axial elongation. Although these basic ideas were first proposed over a century ago by Straub, the exact details on the controlling mechanism and the growth process remained elusive. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - February 13, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Jos Rozema, Sebastian Dankert, Rafael Iribarren Tags: Review article Source Type: research
Tamoxifen retinopathy
We describe the reported effects of TAM on the retina and choroid. Medical databases were searched using relevant keywords and the results were extracted and pooled. The incidence of retinal/choroidal toxicity ranged from 0.9% to 12%. There was a wide range for the time of exposure prior to the development of TAM retinopathy (3 weeks to 13 years). (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - February 11, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Fatemeh Bazvand, Zahra Mahdizad, Nader Mohammadi, Farhad Shahi, Masoud Mirghorbani, Hamid Riazi-Esfahani, Bobeck S. Modjtahedi Tags: Review article Source Type: research
Table of Contents
(Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - February 8, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Delineating Wolfram-like syndrome: A systematic review and discussion of the WFS1-associated disease spectrum
Wolfram-like syndrome (WFLS) is a recently described autosomal dominant disorder with phenotypic similarities to autosomal recessive Wolfram syndrome (WS), including optic atrophy, hearing impairment, and diabetes mellitus. We summarize current literature, define the clinical characteristics, and investigate potential genotype phenotype correlations. A systematic literature search was conducted in electronic databases Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBACE and Cochrane Library. We included studies reporting patients with a clinical picture consisting at least two typical clinical manifestations of WSF1 disorders and heterozygous mutations...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - February 8, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Cansu de Muijnck, Jacoline B. ten Brink, Arthur A. Bergen, Camiel J.F. Boon, Maria M. van Genderen Tags: Review article Source Type: research
Ocular streptococcal infections: A clinical and microbiological review
Streptococcus is a diverse bacterial genus that is part of the ocular surface microbiome implicated in conjunctivitis, keratitis, endophthalmitis, dacryocystitis, and orbital cellulitis which can lead to decreased visual acuity and require surgical intervention. The pathophysiology of S. pneumoniae is well established and the role of the polysaccharide capsule, pneumolysin, neuraminidases, and zinc metalloproteinases in ocular infections described. Additionally, key virulence factors of the viridans group streptococci such as cytolysins and proteases have been outlined, but there is a paucity of research on the remaining s...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - February 8, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Upeka Nanayakkara, Muhammad Azaan Khan, Dilnoor Kaur Hargun, Shobini Sivagnanam, Chameen Samarawickrama Tags: Review article Source Type: research
Temporary keratoprostheses in anterior and posterior segment surgery: A narrative review of their history and development
Visualizing the posterior segment during vitreoretinal surgery can be difficult in eyes with concurrent corneal opacity. Temporary keratoprostheses have emerged as devices that ensure visibility of the posterior vitreous cavity while simultaneously preserving the donor corneal graft. Several models of these devices are described in the current literature, and new design models and surgical techniques surrounding their use continue to be developed. We summarize the different temporary keratoprosthesis models with their associated surgical techniques, advantages, and shortcomings; discuss the clinical results of studies util...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - February 8, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Majid Moshirfar, Christian Peterson, Yasmyne C. Ronquillo, Phillip C. Hoopes Tags: Review article Source Type: research
Efficacy of Ahmed and Baerveldt glaucoma drainage device implantation in the pediatric population: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Glaucoma drainage devices (GDD) are increasingly utilized in the management of childhood glaucoma. This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses the efficacy of first-time Ahmed or Baerveldt implantation in children. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for relevant English-language, peer-reviewed literature. Postoperative outcomes were pooled using random effects regression models with restricted maximum likelihood estimation. Thirty-two studies (1221 eyes, 885 children) were included. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - February 3, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Jeannette Y. Stallworth, Kieran S. O'Brien, Ying Han, Julius T. Oatts Source Type: research
Effects of Systemic Drugs on the Development and Progression of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) affects central vision and leads to a substantial loss of visual acuity. AMD involves mainly the central area of the retina. It may lead to an impairment of central vision and difficulty with dark adaptation via degenerative effects on the paracentral and more peripheral retina besides the central macula. The risk of AMD increases with age and is the leading cause of vision loss in the United States in people over the age of 60.[63,70] The pathophysiology of this disease is multifactorial: a combination of genetic, aging, inflammatory, and environmental factors. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - January 30, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Kara Rickford Grimes, Abhilasha Aloney, Dimitra Skondra, Jay Chhablani Tags: Review article Source Type: research
Typical and atypical clinical presentations of X-Linked retinoschisis: A case series and literature review
X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) is an X-linked inherited retinal dystrophy characterized by mild-to-severe visual impairment, splitting of the retinal layers, and a reduction in the dark-adapted b-wave amplitude on the electroretinogram. Typical clinical features include macular and peripheral schisis. Relatively common features reported include rhegmatogenous or tractional retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal pigment epithelial changes, vitreous veils, and various retinal vascular abnormalities with or without exudation. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - January 29, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Taku Wakabayashi, Emmanuel Chang, Eric Nudleman, Ehab N El-Rayes, Yoshihiro Yonekawa Tags: Review article Source Type: research
Stepwise approach for fundus imaging in the diagnosis and management of posterior uveitis
An array of retinochoroid imaging modalities aid in comprehensive evaluation of the immunopathological changes in the retina and choroid, forming the core component for the diagnosis and management of inflammatory disorders such as uveitis. The recent technological breakthroughs have led to the development of imaging platforms that can evaluate the layers of retina and choroid and the structural and functional alteration in these tissues. Ophthalmologists heavily rely on imaging modalities such as dye-based angiographies such as fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography, optical coherence tomography, fundus...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - January 29, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Aniruddha Agarwal, Francesco Pichi, Alessandro Invernizzi, Dilraj S. Grewal, Rohan Bir Singh, Awaneesh Upadhyay Tags: Review article Source Type: research
