Neuro-ophthalmic Imaging and Visual Assessment Technology for Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS)
Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) refers to a unique collection of neuro-ophthalmic clinical and imaging findings observed in astronauts after long duration spaceflight. Current in-flight and post-flight imaging modalities (e.g., optical coherence tomography, orbital ultrasound, and funduscopy) have played an instrumental role in the understanding and monitoring of SANS development; however, the precise etiology for this neuro-ophthalmic phenomenon is still not completely understood. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - April 21, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Joshua Ong, Alireza Tavakkoli, Gary Strangman, Nasif Zaman, Sharif Amit Kamran, Quan Zhang, Vladimir Ivkovic, Andrew G. Lee Tags: Review article Source Type: research
Switching between anti-VEGF agents in the management of refractory diabetic macular edema: A systematic review
Refractory diabetic macular edema (DME) to monthly intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) monotherapy has a prevalence of approximately 40% in landmark clinical trials. Options for these patients include use of intravitreal steroids, focal laser, or switching to an alternative anti-VEGF agent. We summarize the key conclusions from studies analyzing the efficacy of switching anti-VEGF agents for refractory DME. Twenty-four studies were included in analysis. The most common definitions of refractory in the included studies were a central retinal thickness (CRT) greater than 300 μm or a reduction in CRT ...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - April 19, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Kian Madjedi, Austin Pereira, Brian G. Ballios, Parnian Arjmand, Peter J. Kertes, Michael Brent, Peng Yan Source Type: research
The prevalence of retinopathy in prediabetes: A systematic review
Prediabetes is defined as suboptimal glycemia that does not reach the threshold for type 2 diabetes 1,4. Worldwide, approximately one in 13 adults (374 million) aged 20-79 years have prediabetes, and the vast majority are unaware of the diagnosis 23. There is a significant predicted burden, with the International Diabetes Federation projecting 587 million people (8.3% of adults) to have prediabetes by 2045 23. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - April 14, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Varo Kirthi, Paul Nderitu, Uazman Alam, Jennifer R. Evans, Sarah Nevitt, Rayaz A. Malik, David Hopkins, Timothy L. Jackson Tags: Review article Source Type: research
Down syndrome and the eye: ocular characteristics and ocular assessment
The trisomy of chromosome 21, the smallest autosome, is associated with significant systemic manifestations in addition to intellectual disability. The triplication of this chromosome, known as Down syndrome (DS) is also associated with several manifestations in the eye and ocular adnexae. People with DS have a variety of ophthalmic conditions, some of which require intervention. The variable systemic and ophthalmic presentations in DS can make the delivery of eye care challenging. We highlight common ophthalmic presentations in people with DS, as well as the practical implications of delivering eye examinations for this c...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - April 1, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Joyce John Mathan, Samantha Kaye Simkin, Akilesh Gokul, Charles Ninian John McGhee Source Type: research
An evidence-based review of the epidemiology of myopic traction maculopathy
Myopic traction maculopathy (MTM), one of the complications of pathologic myopia, is a spectrum of pathological conditions that are attributed to tractional changes in the eye characterised by retinoschisis, lamellar or full thickness macular hole, and foveal retinal detachment. Considering the global public health burden of MTM and pathologic myopia, it is important to understand these sight-threatening complications and their associations. We conducted an evidence-based review of the prevalence and natural history of MTM and associated risk factors. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - April 1, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Kai Xiong Cheong, Lingqian Xu, Kyoko Ohno-Matsui, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Seang Mei Saw, Quan V. Hoang Source Type: research
Current management of infantile cataracts
Infantile cataracts are an uncommon, but serious, condition. Compared with later-onset cataracts, infantile cataracts are the most amblyogenic. Not only do most infantile cataracts lessen vision by blurring the retinal image, they also disrupt visual processing pathways of the central nervous system, thereby diminishing lifelong visual potential. Timely surgical intervention and appropriate follow up for optical rehabilitation and amblyopia therapy can mitigate vision loss from infantile cataract. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - March 16, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Phoebe D. Lenhart, Scott R. Lambert Tags: Review article Source Type: research
Comments on: Choroidal imaging in uveitis
We read with interest the excellent recent article by Baharani and coworkers 1 entitled “Choroidal imaging in uveitis: An update.” While not available to Baharani and colleagues at the time of writing, our recent publication proposing a neurotropic pathogenesis for acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE)5 provides novel insights that challenge several of the established paradigms previously described in APMPPE. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - March 9, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Paul J. Steptoe, Philip I. Murray Tags: Letter Source Type: research
Authors ’ response: Choroidal imaging in uveitis: An update
We congratulate Steptoe and coworkers for proposing a novel pathway in the pathogenesis of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE)2 and thank them for their interest in our review.1 (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - March 9, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Abhilasha Baharani, Jay Chhablani Tags: Letter Source Type: research
Response to correspondence on: Choroidal imaging in uveitis: An update
Dear Editor, (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - March 9, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Abhilasha Baharani, DNB FRCS FICO, Jay Chhablani Tags: Letter\UVEI Source Type: research
Reply to Baharani and colleagues - Choroidal Imaging in uveitis
We read with interest the excellent recent article by Baharani and coworkers 1 entitled “Choroidal Imaging in uveitis: An update”. While not available to Baharani and colleagues at the time of writing, our recent publication proposing a neurotropic pathogenesis for acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE)5 provides novel insights that challenge several of the established paradigms previously described in APMPPE. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - March 9, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Paul J. Steptoe, Philip I. Murray Tags: Letter Source Type: research
Use of interferon alpha 2b to manage conjunctival primary acquired melanosis and conjunctival melanoma
Primary acquired melanosis (PAM) is acquired conjunctival pigmentation that can give rise to conjunctival melanoma (CM), a malignant tumor of the bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva or the caruncle. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for this neoplasm. Topical chemotherapy is also used for patients with PAM with atypia or CM, hand in patients with recurrent or extensive disease, this may be an important option. Of the several chemotherapeutic drugs used, topical interferon alpha 2b (IFN- α2b) has become popular because of its low toxicity. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - March 9, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Pau Cid-Bertomeu, Valent ín Huerva Source Type: research
Intraocular pressure measurement: A Review
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness, affecting around 80 million people worldwide. Glaucoma is a multifactorial disease of poorly understood pathogenesis, with intraocular pressure being the most significant risk factor. Currently there are different methods of intraocular pressure measurement, based on different physical principles, some of which are continuous measurement methods and others which are only measured in the medical office. The importance of the corneal biomechanical properties in intraocular pressure measurement is becoming increasingly clear. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - March 3, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Filipe Silva, Madalena Lira Source Type: research
In-office thermal systems for the treatment of dry eye disease
Dry eye disease affects millions of people worldwide, causing pain, vision disturbance, and reduced productivity. Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), a major cause of dry eye, is characterized by chronic glandular inflammation, thickening of the meibum, obstruction of terminal ducts, and glandular atrophy. Treatment of MGD can utilize heat and pressure applied to the meibomian glands, increasing meibum expression. With self-treatments, however, not all patients achieve lasting improvement, and compliance is often low. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - February 19, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Authors: MW Beining, M Magno, E Moschowits, J Olafsson, J Vehof, DA Dartt, TP Utheim Source Type: research
Superior segmental optic nerve hypoplasia: A review
Superior segmental optic nerve hypoplasia (SSONH) is a congenital condition characterized by developmental abnormalities of the superior optic disc and an underappreciated differential diagnosis for glaucoma. The reported prevalence is less than 1%, although likely underestimated due to the difficulties with diagnosis. The exact pathophysiology of SSONH remains elusive, but a mechanism involving developmental attrition of retinal ganglion cells has been proposed, and maternal diabetes is recognized as a major risk factor. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - February 18, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Jo-Hsuan Wu, Chao-Wen Lin, Chun-Hsiu Liu, Robert N. Weinreb, Derek S. Welsbie Tags: Review article Source Type: research
Table of Contents
(Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - February 17, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
