What Predicts Attitudes toward Transgender and Nonbinary People? An Exploration of Gender, Authoritarianism, Social Dominance, and Gender Ideology
AbstractTransgender and nonbinary (TGNB) people face discrimination based on negative societal attitudes toward TGNB identities. Our study explored factors contributing to negative TGNB attitudes, including participants ’ gender, age, religion, right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), social dominance orientation (SDO), and adherence to traditional gender ideologies. Our sample of 808 U.S. Mechanical Turk participants completed measures of RWA, SDO, traditional masculinity and femininity, and transgender attitudes and beliefs. Because TGNB people have diverse identities, we modified the transgender attitudes and beliefs scale...
Source: Sex Roles - January 5, 2021 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
She Needs to See it to be it: The Importance of Same-Gender Athletic Role Models
AbstractIn four studies, we examined the importance of gender-matched athletic role models for women. Although both women and men may benefit most from exposure to high profile athletes in their own sport, women may have fewer motivating role models available to them. When asked to nominate examples of athletes, women were less likely than men to list same-gender examples (Study 1) and athletes from their own sport (Studies 1 and 2 with 183 and 382 MTurk workers, respectively); even high-performing female athletes were less likely to nominate a same-gender role model than their male peers (Study 3 with 110 varsity athletes...
Source: Sex Roles - January 5, 2021 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
To Venture or Not to Venture? Gender Stereotyping and Women ’s Entrepreneurial Aspirations
The objective of the present paper is to explore the relationship between perceived gender stereotyping and women ’s entrepreneurial aspirations. Two studies were conducted. Study 1 was based on a sample of 64 U.S. undergraduate students and focused on the direct and indirect roles of perceived gender stereotyping on entrepreneurial aspirations. Study 2 was based on a sample of 100 mostly working U.S. gradua te students and focused on venture preferences and their moderators. Findings establish that experiencing gender stereotypes is not only negatively associated with women’s entrepreneurial aspirations, but also int...
Source: Sex Roles - January 4, 2021 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Socialisation Influences on Gender Ideologies of Immigrant and Native Youth in Germany, England, Sweden and the Netherlands
AbstractAdolescence is a crucial life course phase for identity formation, and youths ’ gender ideologies significantly predict gendered behaviours and longer-term transitions. With Western post-industrial societies becoming more culturally diverse, the present study provides novel cross-nationally comparative evidence on gender socialisation processes among native and immigrant yo uth in Sweden, Germany, England, and the Netherlands, which vary in gender and migration policies and cultures. In addition to parents’ gender ideologies, the study also considers classmates’ gender ideologies as factors shaping 14-year-ol...
Source: Sex Roles - December 6, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Men ’s Discomfort and Anticipated Sexual Misclassification Due to Counter-Stereotypical Behaviors: the Interplay between Traditional Masculinity Norms and Perceived Men’s Femininization
AbstractThe present research examines men ’s self-conscious discomfort while imagining performing counter-stereotypical (traditionally feminine) behaviors as compared to stereotypical (traditionally masculine) behaviors, as a function of traditional masculinity endorsement and perceived social changes in men’s gender norms (men’s femi nization) in two distinct cultural populations (U.S. Americans and Kosovan Albanians). Experiment 1 (n = 192, U.S.) confirmed prior findings by showing that men, as compared to women, experienced more self-conscious discomfort when imagining performing counter-stereotypical (vs. ste...
Source: Sex Roles - December 6, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Confusing Stalking for Romance: Examining the Labeling and Acceptability of Men ’s (Cyber)Stalking of Women
AbstractEvidence suggests that in the United States we live in a stalking culture— a culture in which stalking is normalized, minimized, and romanticized through various cultural institutions. We also live in an era when romantic interactions and dating are increasingly taking place online. Bringing together these ideas, the present study examines perceptions of lay observers of the cyberstalking of women with a focus on gender and stalking context. Drawing on data from an original vignette study via an Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) survey (n = 727), we examine whether (a) observer’s gender, (b) four types of stal...
Source: Sex Roles - November 25, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Gender Differences in the Intergenerational Transmission Process of Educational Aspirations in Late Childhood
AbstractParents ’ aspirations for their children’s future educational attainment influence their child’s educational aspirations. However, gender differences in the intergenerational transmission of educational aspirations have not been fully explored. The present study employed a two-step model of value tran smission to provide a detailed picture of the gender patterns that occur during the transmission process of educational aspirations in late childhood. A total of 2857 Chinese students (Mage = 9.85 years,SD = .37, range = 8–12; 1373 girls) and their parents were followed from fourth to sixth grade....
Source: Sex Roles - November 24, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Scripted Reality: How Observers Make Sense of a Non-consensual Sexual Encounter
AbstractResearch on third party reactions to (transgressive) sexual encounters has frequently bypassed the question of how observers categorize such encounters as normal sexual experience, sexual violence, or potentially as something else. In the present study, we investigated the ways in which participants made sense of a nonconsensual sexual encounter between a man (i.e., the initiating party) and either a male or a female student (i.e., the targeted party). We specifically focused on how participants utilized sexual scripts and gender stereotypes to describe what happened and as a means of attributing responsibility to ...
Source: Sex Roles - November 23, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Anti-Sexual Assault Activism and Positive Psychological Functioning among Survivors
AbstractIn the present study, we examined the links between involvement in anti-sexual assault activism with post-traumatic growth and positive affect among 282 U.S. adult sexual assault survivors. We also explored potential mediators (i.e., self-blame, shame, community connection, meaning in life, trauma coping self-efficacy, and personal control) in these linkages. Results indicated that involvement in anti-sexual assault activism was positively correla ted with both post-traumatic growth and positive affect. In addition, our findings revealed that involvement in anti-sexual assault activism was indirectly related to p...
Source: Sex Roles - November 10, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Outperforming iBodies: A Conceptual Framework Integrating Body Performance Self-Tracking Technologies with Body Image and Eating Concerns
AbstractRecently, the use of digital self-tracking devices has increased exponentially. Although these devices are positioned as health-tools, an emerging empirical literature has started to document relationships between the use of such technologies and body image and eating concerns. To date, however, these explorations have not been guided by an integrated theoretical framework. The present manuscript aimed to fill this gap by providing a framework to guide and stimulate this area of research. The proposed framework integrates elements of critical sociocultural theories that have been successful in accounting for the de...
Source: Sex Roles - November 10, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Acknowledgements
(Source: Sex Roles)
Source: Sex Roles - November 6, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
The Biological Clock: Age, Risk, and the Biopolitics of Reproductive Time
AbstractThe present article explores the social and subjective dimensions of the biological clock and its implications for reproductive time through a qualitative study based on 40 life story interviews of women from Santiago de Chile. Although the narrative of the biological clock has become a prevalent frame for addressing reproductive time in the context of late childbearing, age-related infertility, and the use of assisted reproductive technologies, few studies engage in an in-depth analysis of the biological clock —its boundaries, dynamics, and the particular ways in which it shapes women’s views and experiences o...
Source: Sex Roles - October 31, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Consequences of a Zero-Sum Perspective of Gender Status: Predicting Later Discrimination against Men and Women in Collaborative and Leadership Roles
AbstractThe zero-sum perspective (ZSP) implies gains made by one group (e.g., women) translate into equivalent loss for another group (e.g., men). The present studies extend prior research by examining whether individuals with a ZSP of gender status exhibit later discrimination. In Study 1, 624 U.S. undergraduates completed online measures of political orientation, social dominance orientation (SDO), right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), sexism, and ZSP of gender status. One month later, they read three online scenarios depicting a male target and three depicting a female target in a leader ship or collaborative role, then ...
Source: Sex Roles - October 28, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Media-Induced Sexual Harassment: The Routes from Sexually Objectifying Media to Sexual Harassment
AbstractMedia that sexually objectify women by portraying them in ways that emphasize physical beauty and sexual readiness as well as reduce them to decorative and sexual objects have been traditionally identified by scholars as a powerful cultural risk factor encouraging sexual harassment and sexual violence. In the present article we review the existing empirical evidence linking sexually objectifying media and sexual harassment of women to the overarching and integrative Media-Induced Sexual Harassment framework. This framework offers a coherent scheme for explaining the effects of sexually objectifying media on three t...
Source: Sex Roles - October 9, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Is Self-Employment a Good Option? Gender, Parents and the Work-Family Interface
AbstractSelf-employment is a career decision that is likely to be influenced by the gendered dynamics of work and care for parents of young children. We test a theoretical model investigating the effect atransition into self-employment (compared to staying organizationally-employed) has on the work-family interface (work-to-family, family-to-work conflicts and work-family enrichment), exploring the key mechanisms of job autonomy, flexibility and work hours for mothers and fathers. We theorize gender differences in this model which we test using national, cohort data of Australian parents ’ employment transitions over 5 t...
Source: Sex Roles - October 8, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
