Traditionally and Narrowly Defined: Gender Portrayals in Television Programming Targeting Babies and Toddlers
AbstractWith emerging technology and popularity of video-on-demand (VOD) services (e.g., Netflix, Hulu, Amazon Prime) that is higher than ever, the current media industry invites babies (< 2 years old) and toddlers (2–4 years old) into the growing consumer market. Although previous research has established that screen media targeted to children and adolescents largely portrays men and women in traditional gender roles, it is less clear how gender is portrayed in programs targeted toward the youngest viewers. The current study examined gender traits of the main characters in programs targeted to babies and children ...
Source: Sex Roles - April 25, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Is Emma or Liam the Top Scorer in Math? The Effects of a Counter-Stereotypical Role Model on Math Achievement
AbstractFrom 2015 to 2018, the math gender gap decreased primarily due to a decline in boys' performances (OECD,2015,2016,2018). However, there is ample evidence that girls continue to be negatively stereotyped in math. Using a longitudinal design, we examined whether prolonged exposure to a counter-stereotypical role model embodied by a female top math scorer may prevent other girls in the class from experiencing stereotype threat. Multilevel analyses were conducted among 1,043 6th graders nested in 46 math classes. There was a decline in math performance throughout the school year for all students, but being a girl had a...
Source: Sex Roles - April 21, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Self-Defense as an Effective and Neglected Form of Sexual Assault Prevention: A Commentary and Overdue Correction to the Literature
AbstractScholarly studies, reports, and best-practices on the prevention of sexual violence often omit a key component of the scholarly literature: that verbal and/or physical resistance (i.e., self-defense strategies) enable most women to stop most assailants in most sexual assault situations, and that training in self-defense prevents assault in a way that is empowering rather than restrictive or victim-blaming. Despite the numerous empirical studies that support the efficacy of women ’s verbal and physical resistance against sexual assault, much of the literature on sexual assault prevention fails to include the schol...
Source: Sex Roles - April 21, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Positive and Future-Focused vs. I-Focused: A Comparative Examination of Effective Conflict Resolution Scripts to Minimize Gender Backlash in Engineering Settings
AbstractThis paper presents three studies that examine how women can respond to conflict in assertive ways that obtain their desired result without harm to their competence and likability, thus minimizing gender backlash. In Study 1, we interviewed 29 experienced women engineers and had them read scenarios of common team conflicts and describe the exact words they would use (and the words they would avoid using) to respond in these conflicts. We inductively coded these responses to develop a positive, future-focused (PFF) script for responding to conflict that minimized gender backlash. This PFF script balances communali...
Source: Sex Roles - April 21, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Author Correction: “I Think Most of Society Hates Us”: A Qualitative Thematic Analysis of Interviews with Incels
(Source: Sex Roles)
Source: Sex Roles - April 20, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Impulsivity, Binegativity, Drinking to Cope, and Alcohol-related Behaviors: A Moderated Mediation Model Among Bisexual Women
AbstractThe present study examined a motivational pathway model whereby the relation between binegativity and alcohol-related problems was mediated by drinking to cope motives and alcohol consumption. The moderating role of impulsivity on the associations between binegativity, drinking to cope motives, and alcohol use outcomes was also examined. Data were collected from 225 self-identified bisexual women between the ages of 18 to 30 (M = 22.77,SD = 3.45) who participated in an online survey. Participants reported on their experiences of binegativity, drinking to cope motives, alcohol consumption, alcohol-related pr...
Source: Sex Roles - April 13, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Revealing Gender Double Standards in the Parenthood Norm Depends on Question Order
AbstractBecoming a parent has been described as a dominant social norm, especially for women. Though some research has indicated changes toward more flexible gendered parenthood norms, methodological issues may be masking the continued presence of a gender double standard. In line with the condition for activation of double standards, we postulated that endorsement of the parenthood norm would vary depending on the response context. Our aim was to analyze the parenthood norm for women and for men taking into account the response context in a quantitative survey. In a French nationally-representative sample, more than 4,000...
Source: Sex Roles - April 13, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Teaching College in the Time of COVID-19: Gender and Race Differences in Faculty Emotional Labor
AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic placed new teaching demands upon faculty that may have exacerbated existing race and gender disparities in the amount of emotional labor they perform. The present study surveyed 182 full-time tenured and tenure-track faculty from three small private liberal arts colleges to examine the effect of social and professional statuses on emotional labor (i.e., managing the expression of emotions to meet job requirements) during the emergency switch to remote instruction in spring 2020. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression revealed that white cisgender men performed less emotional labor than Black,...
Source: Sex Roles - March 30, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Orgasm Frequency Predicts Desire and Expectation for Orgasm: Assessing the Orgasm Gap within Mixed-Sex Couples
AbstractWhile previous research has established the existence of an orgasm gap between men and women, research exploring this phenomenon within dyadic samples of mixed-sex couples has been limited. The current study aims to investigate the impact of this orgasm disparity on novel sexual outcomes for couples, including desire and expectation for orgasm. We conducted secondary data analyses on a sample of 104 sexually active mixed-sex couples using an online Qualtrics panel (Mage = 43.9 years; 94.2% heterosexual; 79.3% White). Cisgender men and women within the couple reported on their sexual satisfaction, orgasm freque...
Source: Sex Roles - March 30, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Putting a Sexy Self Forward on Tinder: What Do Viewers Think About Sexualized White Men?
AbstractVery little is known about viewers ’ attitudes toward sexualized portrayals of men on social media platforms. Using an experimental methodology, the present study investigated the effect of a sexualized versus non-sexualized Tinder profile of a young White man on college students’ perceptions of the profile owner. The impact of m ultiple aspects of sexualization including a self-sexualizing self-description on one’s profile (i.e., interested in casual sex) as well as a sexualizing appearance (i.e., muscular and shirtless) were investigated. U.S. college students (N = 567) viewed a mock Tinder profile and then...
Source: Sex Roles - March 25, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Collective Action on Behalf of Women: Testing the Conceptual Distinction Between Traditional Collective Action and Small Acts in College Women
AbstractThe current study examines the nature of actions that U.S. college women (N = 267) engage in to promote, protect, or enhance the welfare of other women. The study had two goals: 1) to distinguish between traditional forms of action (traditional collective action) and more informal, interpersonal, forms of action (small acts) among college women; and 2) to test whether the classic antecedents of collective action (gender identity, feminist identity, women ’s activist identity, efficacy, appraisals of gender inequality, and injustice standards) are differentially predictive of these two types of participation. ...
Source: Sex Roles - March 23, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Are Feminists Empowered Activists or Entitled Whiners? A Thematic Analysis of U.S. Adolescents ’ Definitions of “Feminist” in a Diverse, Mixed-Gender Sample
This study explores definitions of “feminist” in a mixed-gender, racially/ethnically diverse sample of high-school adolescents in the Southeastern United States (n = 213;Mage = 16.23,SDage = .76; 61% adolescent girls; 47% White/Caucasian, 25% Hispanic/Latinx, 23% Black/African American). Participants responded to the open-ended prompt: “How do you define the word ‘feminist’?” Thematic analysis identified three overarching themes: (1)supporting gender equality and women ’s rights (63% of responses), with four subthemes:gender equality, women ’s rights, activism, pro-women; (2)seeking attention an...
Source: Sex Roles - March 10, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Instrumentality Gives Girls the Edge: Gender-Differential Relations Between Instrumentality, Achievement Motivation, and Self-Esteem
AbstractGender differences in school are often discussed in reference to a particular type of masculinity, negative masculinity, which is often conceptualized as detrimental to success. Another type of masculinity, instrumentality, has rarely been studied in schools even though instrumental characteristics are often exalted outside the academic context. The current study focuses on potential benefits that students may reap from instrumentality. The extent to which an instrumental self-concept is directly and indirectly associated with achievement motivation and self-esteem was examined for adolescent boys and girls in a st...
Source: Sex Roles - February 22, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
“Why Can’t Boys Be #LikeAGirl?”: Sticky Essentialism and Ambivalent (De)gendering in Fathers’ Online Accounts of Children’s Gender and Sexuality
AbstractIn our media-centric age, stories and commentary about children ’s gender socialization are exchanged online. Yet we know quite little about how fathers interpret the gender and sexual identities of their children and share those interpretations with others via social media. In this article, I present findings from a qualitative content analysis of blog posts about children’s gender and sexuality (n = 122) written by American and Canadian fathers (n = 36). I apply Kane’s (2012) “gender trap” typology to analyze how dad bloggers support and/or challenge heteronormative gendered identities, behavior...
Source: Sex Roles - February 21, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Depictions of Gender Across Eight Decades of Disney Animated Film: The Role of Film Producer, Director, and Writer Gender
AbstractDepictions of gender in media are often scrutinized for stereotypical patterns. Disney films are of particular interest, as they are often watched by children and may play a role in children ’s gender socialization. The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to assess gender depictions of characters in animated Disney films (released between 1937 and 2019; 61 films with 323 characters total), and second, to explore depictions of gender in Disney animated films coupled with an analys is of the gender of those involved in the production of these films (producers, directors, and writers). We found a significant di...
Source: Sex Roles - February 19, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
