Achieving Equality or Persisting Inequality: Effects of Framing of Equality on Attitudes Toward Women and Gender Equality Through Identity Threat and Cognitive Unfreezing
AbstractPrevious evidence suggests that interventions that raise awareness of gender inequality might have the potential to challenge and undo well-anchored biases but, at the same time, might be threatening and provoke reactance against them. The effects of such interventions might also have a differential impact on women and men and vary depending on their level of neosexism and feminist identification. Extending previous research, two pre-registered studies (N = 1,895) were conducted to explore the differential effects of interventions that raise awareness of gender (in)equality with two frames (i.e., gender equalit...
Source: Sex Roles - November 14, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
The Gendered Resource Dilution: Sibling Structure, Parental Non-Monetary Investment, and Child Housework Labor in China
AbstractDespite the vast literature on the sibling effects on child educational outcomes, less is known about how sibling gender structure relates to intrahousehold non-monetary resource dilution, mobilization, and transfer in non-western contexts. Utilizing nationally representative survey data from Chinese adolescents, this study investigated how sibship size and gender composition are associated with the household distribution of non-monetary resources such as parental monitoring, parent-child activities, parental educational aspiration, and child housework labor. China provides an especially important context to expand...
Source: Sex Roles - November 7, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Do Virtual Environments Close the Gender Gap in Participation in Question-and-Answer Sessions at Academic Conferences? In Search of Moderation by Conference Format
Discussion considers the theoretical and practical implications of these findings for understanding the persistence of gender inequality in science. We encourage future research that attends to the cultural factors that promote or mitigate gender disparities in participation. (Source: Sex Roles)
Source: Sex Roles - November 6, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Constructing the Self at the Intersection of Gender and Caste: Understanding the Motivations of Marginalized Activist Women in India
AbstractIn the present qualitative study, we used self-presentation theory to examine how women from marginalized communities in India engage in self-presentation. Using semi-structured interviews of 18 Dalit women, including two Dalit transwomen, we explore factors shaping their self-presentation motivations and behavior. While most self-presentation research has focused on audience-pleasing motives, the current study is focused on self-construction motives. Using a grounded theory approach, we identify and explicate four themes: independent voices and bold choices, building solidarity through empathy and social capital, ...
Source: Sex Roles - November 3, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Testing an Integrated Biopsychosocial Model of Adolescent Girls ’ Body Shame: Considering the Role of Pubertal Development
This study investigated the role of pubertal development in an integrated biopsychosocial model of body shame derived from the objectification theory model and tripartite influence model. A total of 317 early adolescent girls (average age: 12.45 years;SD = 1.27; range: 10–15 years) living in the southwestern province of China completed surveys on pubertal development, perceived peer appearance pressure, appearance comparison, body surveillance, and body shame. Results indicated that girls who matured earlier were more likely to perceive peer appearance pressure, and, in turn, more body shame, through body surveillanc...
Source: Sex Roles - November 1, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Sexual Socialization Experiences and Perceived Effects on Sexual and Reproductive Health in Young African American Women
AbstractSocialization is a process whereby people learn the norms and values of society. African American caregivers often engage in socialization processes that teach girls about Black womanhood, and female sexual and reproductive health. African American women experience high rates of adverse sexual and reproductive health outcomes that may be explained in part by socialization processes. The present study investigated the childhood socialization experiences of young Black women, and perceptions of the influence of these experiences on women ’s adult sexual and reproductive health attitudes and behaviors. In-depth inte...
Source: Sex Roles - November 1, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Exposure to Feminist Humor and the Proclivity to Collective Action for Gender Equality: The Role of Message Format and Feminist Identification
AbstractPrevious research has pointed out that feminist humor or subversive humor against sexism is an important precursor to collective action for gender equality. This effect has been found contrasting subversive humor with neutral humor, however, to date, no study has explored the impact of the message format. Thus, we conducted two experiments to analyze the effect of exposure to a subversive humorous vignette against sexism (vs. subv ersive serious information against sexism and neutral humorous vignette) on involvement in collective action for gender equality, considering participants’ feminist identification. In...
Source: Sex Roles - October 27, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Narratives of Children ’s Gender Socialization from Fathers Who Take Parental Leave in South Korea
AbstractDo leave-taking fathers who 'undo' gender in their division of domestic labour and responsibilities also ‘undo’ gender in relation to their children’s gender socialization? This exploratory qualitative study seeks to understand how leave-taking fathers in South Korea (N = 17) experience and envision their children’s gender socialization by identifying three types of fathers. For ‘committed’ fathers, leave-taking is an extension of their genuine convictions and best efforts to raise children based on feminist ideals, but contradictory messages from non-pa rental influences such as preschools pose ch...
Source: Sex Roles - October 19, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
“I Have the Right to Defend Myself”: The Underlying Curriculum of Empowerment Self-Defense Training
In this study, we examine ESD participants’ perspectives about the most important outcomes of their participation in ESD training. Data included qua litative interviews and open-ended survey responses from 268 participants enrolled in one of two ESD courses: A 30-h university course and a 9-h community-based course. Using reflexive thematic analysis, we found that although some participants reported that their most important lessons reflected th e explicit curriculum of the courses (i.e., physical and verbal skills for resisting violence), many others reported unexpected and often profound ways their lives changed throug...
Source: Sex Roles - October 11, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Cloaked in Kindness: Bystander Responses to Witnessed Benevolent and Hostile Sexism
AbstractOrganizations have increasingly emphasized the role of employees as potential interventionists following acts of workplace sexism. However, sexism can be expressed in a variety of ways and bystanders may not be equally likely to recognize and intervene after witnessing different forms of workplace sexism. The current study correspondingly draws on the model of ambivalent sexism and the deontic theory of justice to propose that bystanders will experience weaker moral reactions following witnessed benevolent sexism as compared to hostile sexism and will correspondingly be less likely to intervene. We tested our hypot...
Source: Sex Roles - October 10, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Correction to: Raising Resilient Black Women: A Study of Superwoman Mothering and Strength as a Form of Gendered Racial Socialization in Black Mother-Daughter Relationships
(Source: Sex Roles)
Source: Sex Roles - October 6, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Devaluation of Women ’s Sexual Pleasure: Role of Relationship Context and Endorsement of the Madonna-Whore Dichotomy
AbstractIn two pre-registered experiments with German samples, we tested the role of endorsement of the Madonna-whore-dichotomy and the relationship context (sex in a committed relationship vs. casual sex) in the devaluation of women ’s sexual pleasure. Using the context of dating apps in Study 1, men who reported higher endorsement of the Madonna-whore-dichotomy believed that other men would be less interested in fulfilling a woman’s sexual desires, show her less respect, and be less likely to wear a condom independent of r elationship context (i.e., casual hookup dating app vs. a dating app for a serious relationship...
Source: Sex Roles - September 22, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Being Able to Describe How One Thinks and Feels May (Partly) Attenuate the Association Between Perceived body Image Discrepancy and Body Dissatisfaction: Preliminary Evidence in Young Women
AbstractPerceived discrepancies between how one ’s body looks and how one wishes their body looked are positively associated with body dissatisfaction, however, the factors that may explain this association remain understudied. Across two online, cross-sectional studies, we examined whether social comparisons, thin-ideal internalization, and fi ve facets of mindfulness contributed to the association between perceived body image discrepancy and body dissatisfaction among college-aged women using parallel mediation analysis. Across both studies, women’s engagement in social comparisons, thin-ideal internalization, and in...
Source: Sex Roles - September 22, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Brilliance Beliefs, Not Mindsets, Explain Inverse Gender Gaps in Psychology and Philosophy
AbstractUnderstanding academic gender gaps is difficult because gender-imbalanced fields differ across many features, limiting researchers ’ ability to systematically study candidate causes. In the present preregistered research, we isolate two potential explanations—brilliance beliefs and fixed versus growth intelligence mindsets—by comparing two fields that have inverse gender gaps and historic and topical overlap: philosophy a nd psychology. Many more men than women study philosophy and vice versa in psychology, with disparities emerging during undergraduate studies. No prior work has examined the contributions of...
Source: Sex Roles - September 21, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
The Influence of Perceiver and Target Race in Hostile and Benevolent Sexist Attitudes
AbstractThe present research investigates whether benevolent and hostile sexist attitudes are differentially directedtoward Black and White womenby Black and White people. Participants (N = 2,775) reported on their sexist attitudes while thinking about Black women, White women, or women in general. Although Black participants reported higher levels of benevolent and hostile sexism overall, participant race and target race interacted to produce unique patterns of sexist attitudes . More specifically, Black perceivers thinking of White women reported higher levels of hostile sexism than those thinking of Black women. Whi...
Source: Sex Roles - September 16, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
