Shifting Standards of Sexuality: An Intersectional Account of Men ’s Objectification of Black and White Women
AbstractTo what extent do men objectify and dehumanize Black and White women based on shifting standards of sexuality? Across five experimental studies (2 pre-registered;N = 702), White (Studies 1-4a) and Black (Study 4b) American heterosexual men evaluated a series of images of Black and White women who were either fully- or scantily-clothed, and provided ratings of sexual objectification, animalistic dehumanization, and perceived appropriateness of the image fo r use in advertising. Participants responded to images of fully-clothed Black women with greater sexual objectification and animalistic dehumanization, and lo...
Source: Sex Roles - September 8, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Correction to: Motor Skill Learning in Iranian Girls: Effects of a Relatively Long Induction of Gender Stereotypes
(Source: Sex Roles)
Source: Sex Roles - September 8, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Outperformance-Related Discomfort: Another Factor in Women ’s Under-Representation in STEM?
AbstractWhy do women remain underrepresented in some science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields? Research has uncovered various situational factors such as belongingness cues, but one understudied (and related) factor may be outperformance-related discomfort. Specifically, when people outperform others who are upset about being outperformed, they may experience sensitivity about being the target of a threatening upwardcomparison (STTUC; Exline and Lobel, in Psychological Bulletin 125:307 –337,1999). Three studies examined the potential role of STTUC among women in STEM and how STTUC relates to feelings...
Source: Sex Roles - September 7, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Women Experience More Intimate Partner Violence than Men over the Life Course: Evidence for Gender Asymmetry at all Ages in a National Sample
This study examines gender differences in the age at first victimization, the number of perpetrators, and the frequency of IPV over the life course. We assess four types of IPV victimization including psychological aggression, coercive control, physical violence, and sexual violence. Analyses are conducted with event history and multivariate regression models. NISVS data show gender symmetry in past year violence victimization, but substantial gender differences in IPV victimization over the life course. Compared to men, women are victims of IPV at younger ages, experience a higher frequency of violence victimization, and ...
Source: Sex Roles - September 6, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
The Negative Effects of Positive Gender Stereotypes: Evidence from a Collectivistic Cultural Context
AbstractPositive stereotypes have been shown to negatively impact targets in individualistic cultural contexts. However, individuals from individualistic cultures and those from collectivistic cultures have different perceptions of positive stereotypes, which may lead to different reactions to positive stereotypes. The present study investigated the mechanism underlying targets ’ negative reactions to positive gender stereotypes in China, a country with a collectivistic culture. Study 1 revealed that women who heard the positive gender stereotype “women are good at language” reported experiencing stronger negative re...
Source: Sex Roles - September 6, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Work-Family Conflicts and Perceived Fairness of Housework Division in Dual-Earner Couples During COVID-19
AbstractUsing three-annual-wave, dyadic data from different-gender, dual-earner couples in the United States (N = 904 couples), we delineated associations between work-family conflict and housework division for husbands and wives across COVID-19 and tested the moderating role of each spouse’s traditional gender attitudes in these associations. We used the conservation of resource theory and family syst ems theory as guiding frameworks. Couples were from a nationally representative sample of married couples recruited using a two-stage cluster stratification strategy. Using a random-intercept, actor-partner interdepend...
Source: Sex Roles - September 4, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Gender, Masculinity, and the Perception of Vegetarians and Vegans: A Mixed-Methods Investigation
AbstractResearch shows that women and men have different attitudes toward food and eating habits, which may stem from societal gender roles. In most societies, eating meat is associated with masculinity, and choosing healthy and smaller meals is perceived as feminine. These stereotypes may affect eating behaviors, which may have an impact on health and well-being as well as on the environment and economy. We conducted two studies that focused on the perceptions and experiences of vegans and vegetarians (veg*ns) using a gender lens. The first study (N = 1048) used a quantitative design to investigate the association of ...
Source: Sex Roles - August 30, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Making the Personal Political: Personal versus Group-Focused Rumination Following Sexual Harassment
AbstractThe emergence of social media consciousness-raising campaigns, such as #MeToo and #TimesUp that encourage individuals to share their experiences of harassment and hold perpetrators accountable, might, in part, serve to promote a group-focused way of thinking about unwelcomed events that may be adaptive. In the current research, we propose a distinction between two forms of rumination,personal rumination on how that experience personally affected oneself, andgroup-focused rumination on how the experience is shared by many other members of one ’s group, and how it impacts them. We apply this distinction to the sexu...
Source: Sex Roles - August 28, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Unconscious Bias in Job Titles: Implicit Associations Between Four Different Linguistic Forms with Women and Men
AbstractThe use of masculine forms in job titles (e.g., fireman, salesman) can deter women from applying or being selected for certain positions. The current research investigated the degree to which masculine linguistic forms are effective as generics. An experiment (N = 273) assessed to what extent four linguistic forms of job titles in German—masculine, abbreviated form with slashes, gender neutral, or masculine with brackets (m/f/d)—are implicitly associated with women and men using an Implicit Association Test. Masculine job titles were more strongly associated with men relative to women. In contrast, job titl...
Source: Sex Roles - August 25, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Beyond Equality: A Cross-Cultural Investigation of Young Straight Adults ’ Expectations for Future Family Labor
AbstractInitial research has found that young heterosexual adults, many who are college attending and with the potential for high earnings, predict their future household will still involve a woman doing more chores than a male partner. However, prior scholarship has been primarily focused on Western countries and assumed implicitly that the division of labor is just between a partnered couple. In the present study, we recruited undergraduates from the United States (n = 533,Mage = 18.69, 60.41% women), China (n = 179,Mage = 19.39, 67.04% women) and Nigeria (n = 265,Mage = 21.81, 64.53% women) to investigate fu...
Source: Sex Roles - August 25, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Raising Resilient Black Women: A Study of Superwoman Mothering and Strength as a Form of Gendered Racial Socialization in Black Mother-Daughter Relationships
AbstractMother-daughter relationships play a significant role in how Black women develop their self-concept. Yet, there are few studies exploring young Black women ’s identity development in relation to their interpretation of how their mothers conveyed certain beliefs and values about how to navigate society. In the current study, we addressed this gap in the literature by exploring Black adult daughter’s perspectives on their mother’s gendered racial s ocialization of strength and resilience as a culturally specific coping mechanism. We analyzed semi-structured interview data from 36 Black women (17–24 years,M ...
Source: Sex Roles - August 23, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Sexual Harassment and Assault in Public Spaces: Individual Vulnerability and Contextual Risk Factors
This study evaluated the prevalence, vulnerability to, and contexts of sexual harassment in public venues. Participants (N = 1,024) of all ages (18–90) from across the United States were recruited through TurkPrime/CloudResearch panels and completed an online questionnaire about experiences of unwanted sexual attention and sexual harassment/assault in nine types of public venues (including nightlife venues, publi c and private transportation services, sporting events, and conventions) over the past five years. We assessed individual (e.g., gender, sexual identity) and contextual (e.g., level of venue crowding, role o...
Source: Sex Roles - August 23, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
The Gender Gap in Environmental Concern: Support for an Ecofeminist Perspective and the Role of Gender Egalitarian Attitudes
AbstractQuantitative studies analysing individual differences in environmental concern (i.e., apprehension about the quality of nature and natural resources including air, water, soil and animal and plant species) have consistently found differences between men and women, whereby women are more likely to display pro-environmental attitudes, although the underlying reasons remain largely unclear. Understanding the gender gap in environmental concern is crucial for designing and targeting environmental policies and for developing environmental education programmes. This paper examines five prominent theories that address the...
Source: Sex Roles - August 17, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Mr. Active and Little Miss Passive? The Transmission and Existence of Gender Stereotypes in Children ’s Books
AbstractDo popular children ’s books tend to reflect gender stereotypes, and do parents prefer their daughters to read books reflecting this pattern? We explored these research questions using the popular Roger Hargreaves’ Mr. Men and Little Miss collection of children’s storybooks, which is a series of individual storie s all titled with and based on a binarized gendered character (e.g., Mr. Greedy, Little Miss Sunshine). Using a deductive content analysis approach, Study 1 revealed that the characters in the series’ 81 books tend to behave in gender stereotypical ways, with male characters more adventurous and a ...
Source: Sex Roles - August 14, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
No Boys Allowed: The Impact of Honor Concerns on HPV Stigma and HPV Vaccination Decisions for Men in the United States
AbstractDue to the initial focus on women as targets for the HPV vaccination program in the U.S., many U.S. men now report that the HPV vaccine is somehow “feminine,” posing a potential threat to men’s masculine reputation. This threat was expected to be particularly strong for men from honor cultures, which place a strong emphasis on men’s avoidance of “feminine” behaviors. We hypothesized that endorsement of honor norms and values would be linked with less support for men’s HPV vaccination, lower HPV vaccination rates, and less support for the authorization of the HPV vaccination for sons. Using a cross-sec...
Source: Sex Roles - August 11, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
