Hostile and Benevolent Sexism and Attitudes Toward Establishing Consent Among Chinese Men: The Detrimental Role of Token Resistance Beliefs and Binge Drinking
AbstractAttitudes toward establishing sexual consent is an important prerequisite for understanding whether and how men will actively negotiate consent in sexual activities. However, little is known about the factors influencing sexual consent attitudes. The current study examined the associations among three sets of factors, known to be associated with sexual assault culture (i.e., hostile and benevolent sexism, token resistance beliefs, and rape myth acceptance), and Chinese men ’s sexual consent attitudes, and whether these associations differed depending on their history of binge drinking before sex. Data from 399 Ch...
Source: Sex Roles - June 15, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Self-Objectification and Alcohol Use in Young Adult College Women
AbstractFew studies have explored factors contributing to women ’s increasing alcohol consumption and associated consequences. One potential gender-relevant factor is self-objectification or the perspective toward the self where the body is primarily valued for its appearance and sexual appeal (Fredrickson& Roberts,1997). In the current study, we investigated the link between self-objectification and young adult college women ’s alcohol use as well as alcohol use prior to casual sexual activity or “hooking up.” In addition, we examined novel explanatory (i.e., sexual self-esteem, body consciousness during sexua...
Source: Sex Roles - June 15, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Hegemonic Masculinity and Mental Health Among Older White Men in the U.S.: The Role of Health and Wealth Decline
AbstractMillions of men in the US experience substance abuse and impulse control disorders, which is well researched. Far fewer scholars have studied the millions of men that also experience depression (which is traditionally associated with women). Drawing upon literature on fragile masculinity and masculinity threat, we evaluate the role of endorsing hegemonic masculinity ideals (e.g., men should be strong, unemotional, and financially secure) in both internalizing (depression) and externalizing (anger) mental health problems, focusing on older White men aged 70 –74 in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Survey (N = 1,794)....
Source: Sex Roles - June 13, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Changes in Life Goals Over College: A Comparison Between Men and Women Majoring in STEM
AbstractInformed by goal congruity theory and emerging adulthood theory, this study examined changes over time and gender differences in the importance that college STEM majors placed on three life goals that have been hypothesized to explain the differential retention of men and women in STEM: Marriage-Family, Career-Status, and the desire to have a positive Social Impact. 251 students (n = 128, 51% women;n = 191, 76% White) completed three surveys, one year apart. Participants rated the importance of different life goals at each time point. Changes in importance ratings over time were moderated by gender. Men and...
Source: Sex Roles - June 13, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Feminine Gender Role Discrepancy Strain and Women ’s Self-Esteem in Daily and Weekly Life: A Person x Context Perspective
AbstractSocial pressures to adhere to traditional feminine roles may place some women at risk of experiencing gender role discrepancy strain, when they behave, think, or feel in ways discrepant from feminine gender role expectations. The current research examines how person-level propensity to experience feminine gender-role discrepancy strain —feminine gender role stress (FGRS)—and contextual experiences of discrepancy strain—feeling less feminine in daily or weekly life—combine to undermine women’s self-esteem. After completing measures of FGRS, undergraduate women reported their feelings of femininity and self...
Source: Sex Roles - June 13, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Making Men of Steel: Superhero Exposure and the Development of Hegemonic Masculinity in Children
AbstractSuperheroes are extremely popular among children, adolescents, and adults in the United States (and worldwide). However, there is little research on the impact of superhero exposure on developmental outcomes, particularly over time. The current paper includes a 5-year longitudinal study examining the relationship between superhero exposure in early childhood and indicators of hegemonic masculinity in later childhood, including endorsement of masculinity ideology, muscular ideal, and male gender stereotypes, and attitudes toward women. Participants included 155 children (51% female,Mage = 4.83 years at Wave 1) ...
Source: Sex Roles - June 13, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Context Matters: Differential Gendering of Physics in Arabic-speaking, Hebrew-speaking, and Single-Sex State Schools in Israel
AbstractAlthough physics is one of the most male-dominated educational fields in Europe and North America, this is not the case in all parts of the world. The present study investigates contextual variability in the physics gender gap by leveraging unique characteristics of the Israeli state educational system, including its highly standardized national curriculum and its distinct school sectors that differ on key analytical dimensions. First, comparison of schools serving different sociocultural groups reveals strong overrepresentation of boys in advanced physics courses in the Hebrew-speaking but not the Arabic-speaking ...
Source: Sex Roles - June 8, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Harder Won and Easier Lost? Testing the Double Standard in Gender Rules in 62 Countries
Discussion considers the theoretical and practical significance of these findings for understanding how young adults – as cultural agents of gender socialization – hold men to asymmetrically rigid gender rules. (Source: Sex Roles)
Source: Sex Roles - June 6, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
The Sex-Based Harassment Inventory: A Gender Status Threat Measure of Sex-Based Harassment Intentions
AbstractWe introduce a new inventory measuring sex-based harassment intentions and threat perceptions grounded in gender status threat theories (Berdahl,2007; Stephan et al.,2016). In Study 1 (N = 568 men), an initial Sex-Based Harassment Inventory (SBHI) was developed with 12 scenarios depicting gender status threats to which respondents rated the likelihood to engage in gender harassment, unwanted sexual attention, supportive conduct, and their perceptions of threat. The final versio n of the SBHI contained six scenarios with four items each. Gender harassment and unwanted sexual attention intentions loaded on a sing...
Source: Sex Roles - May 27, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Online Victimization, Womanism, and Body Esteem among Young Black Women: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
This study used structural equation modeling to examine the associations between four categories of online victimization (i.e., general online victimization, online individual racial victimization, online vicarious racial victimization, online sexual victimization) and body esteem. We further examined whether womanism, an identity-based factor, moderate d the relationship between online victimization and body esteem. A sample of 1,595 young Black women completed an online survey. Results showed that online sexual victimization was significantly negatively associated with body esteem and that high levels of womanism buffere...
Source: Sex Roles - May 21, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Testing the Internal Consent Scale for Measurement Invariance Across Women and Men
AbstractThe Internal Consent Scale (ICS) was created to measure feelings associated with a person ’s willingness to engage in partnered sexual activity. Although previous studies using the ICS have assessed gender differences, evidence has not been provided to suggest that the ICS functions similarly for women and men. Using data from an online cross-sectional survey of adults (N = 874; 53.1% women), we subjected the 25-item ICS to tests of measurement invariance across gender. We found that only partial measurement invariance was tenable, which indicated that direct comparisons across gender should be interpreted wi...
Source: Sex Roles - May 19, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Merit Sticks to Men: Gender Pay Gaps and (In)equality at UK Russell Group Universities
AbstractAcademic studies of gender pay gaps within higher education institutions have consistently found pay differences. However, theory on how organisation-level factors contribute to pay gaps is underdeveloped. Using a framework of relational inequalities and advanced quantitative analysis, this paper makes a case that gender pay gaps are based on organisation-level interpretations and associated management practi ces to reward ‘merit’ that perpetuate inequalities. Payroll data of academic staff within two UK Russell Group universities (N = 1,998 and 1,789) with seeming best-practice formal pay systems are ana...
Source: Sex Roles - May 12, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Nuanced Longitudinal Effects of Domains of Perceived Gender Similarity on Adolescent Peer Victimization
AbstractGender similarity is an indicator of perceived fit with own-gender peers and other-gender peers and is strongly correlated with indicators of adolescent adjustment, including negative peer interactions. Although gender similarity is generally studied as a composite variable, evidence is increasing that peer victimization might be uniquely related to specific domains of gender similarity such as appearance or interests. A better understanding of the specific factors that motivate peer victimization will likely aid in intervention efforts. We analyzed five domains of own- and other-gender similarity (feelings, action...
Source: Sex Roles - May 4, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Author Correction: “I Think Most of Society Hates Us”: a Qualitative Thematic Analysis of Interviews with Incels
(Source: Sex Roles)
Source: Sex Roles - May 3, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Reconceptualizing the Gendered Division of Housework: Number of Shared Tasks and Partners ’ Relationship Quality
This study reconceptualizes the division of routine housework as a count of tasks one shares equally with their partner, and compares this meas ure to a conventional measure of male partner’s proportion of overall housework in predicting relationship quality. Regression analyses are conducted for men and women in mixed-sex, married and cohabiting unions from two datasets: the 1992–1994 wave of the U.S. National Survey of Families and Ho useholds (N = 10,498) and the 2006 Marital and Relationship Survey (N = 1,065). Results indicate substantial variability in the degree of task sharing in couples. Consistent wit...
Source: Sex Roles - April 27, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
