Women ’s Income-generating Activity and Experiences of Economic Intimate Partner Violence in Rural Bangladesh
AbstractEconomic coercion is a form of intimate partner violence (IPV) that is distinct from but often co-occurs with physical, psychological, and sexual IPV. Women ’s experiences of economic coercion are understudied in low- and middle-income countries, despite increases in women’s economic opportunities in these settings. Bangladesh is a salient site to understand how women experience, interpret and give meaning to economic coercion because historical gen der inequalities in access to economic opportunities and resources are changing in favor of greater participation of women in economic activities. We conducted in-d...
Source: Sex Roles - June 17, 2021 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Evidence for a Comprehensive Sexuality Education Intervention that Enhances Chinese Adolescents ’ Sexual Knowledge and Gender Awareness and Empowers Young Women
AbstractWhile Chinese adolescents become more sexually active, their sexual attitudes are profoundly influenced by traditional gender and sexual norms. The tensions between the rapid transition in youth sexuality and lags in sex education call for a paradigm shift of sexuality education in China. The present study examined the effectiveness of a school-based empowerment comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) intervention in changing adolescents ’ sexual knowledge, gender and sexual attitudes, and sexual self-efficacy. We used data from a quasi-experimental intervention study with self-administered pretest and posttest s...
Source: Sex Roles - April 9, 2021 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Measurement of Feminist Identity and Attitudes Over the Past Half Century: A Critical Review and Call for Further Research
AbstractThe study of feminism has had a long and complicated history in psychological research over the past half century. Although a number of instruments have been designed to assess feminist attitudes and identity in the United States during this time, many contain psychometric problems or sample limitations, or they were deriv ed from outdated models of feminism. Scales designed to assess feminist identity and attitudes require updating to reflect the shifting goals, meanings, and (mis)interpretations of feminism. Given feminism’s changing landscape and the emergence of postfeminism, a critical review of these tool...
Source: Sex Roles - February 20, 2021 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Why Can ’t You Just Pick One? The Stigmatization of Non-binary/Genderqueer People by Cis and Trans Men and Women: An Empirical Test of Norm-Centered Stigma Theory
AbstractNon-binary and genderqueer identities often resonate with people whose genders are outside the man-woman dichotomy, fluid, androgynous, and/or variant. Yet the gender binary system remains the unwavering norm, often placing non-binary and genderqueer people on the margins of social acceptability, and surprisingly little research has investigated those who stigmatize non-binary/genderqueer people. The current study utilizes Worthen ’s (2020) Norm-Centered Stigma Theory (NCST) and nationally representative data collected from U.S. online panelists (n = 3009: 1419 cis men, 1461 cis women, 74 trans women, 55 tran...
Source: Sex Roles - February 9, 2021 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Gendered Racism and Mental Health among Young Adult U.S. Black Women: The Moderating Roles of Gendered Racial Identity Centrality and Identity Shifting
AbstractBlack women are uniquely located at the intersection of two marginalized identities which puts them at risk of experiencing a combined discrimination known as gendered racism. Among Black Women, experiencing increased gendered racism is associated with higher poorer mental health which includes higher levels of anxiety and depression. To cope with these experiences of gendered racism, Black women often engage in identity shifting by adjusting one ’s behavior and language to conform to environmental norms. Paradoxically, having a strong sense of one’s gendered racial identity has been theorized to potentially pr...
Source: Sex Roles - January 12, 2021 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Examining Care and Opposition in the Narratives of U.S. Local Women of Color Activists
AbstractDespite a long history of critical engagement in local justice movements, the efforts of U.S. Women of Color activists remain understudied. In the present study we examine the manifestations of opposition and care that Women of Color utilize in exercising and sustaining their activism as they work to build justice-oriented change in their communities. We specifically explore how oppositional consciousness and ethics of care shape the perspectives and actions of local Women of Color activists. Qualitative data were collected via oral history interviews with eight local Women of Color activists in Cincinnati, Ohio. U...
Source: Sex Roles - January 11, 2021 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Assessing the Rising Emphasis on Muscularity for Women: Psychometric Properties of the Brazilian Version of the Female Muscularity Scale
AbstractThe female appearance ideal has undergone considerable changes in recent years, resulting in increases in drive for muscularity among Brazilian women. The Female Muscularity Scale (FMS) was developed to assess muscularity concerns among U.S. women and was shown to be a promising measure of muscularity-related attitudes and behaviors. The present studies aimed to translate and culturally adapt the FMS to Brazilian Portuguese and to explore its factorial structure among Brazilian women (Study 1:n = 202,Mage = 24.40,SD = 5.03) and to confirm the factor structure as well as evaluate convergent and divergent validity an...
Source: Sex Roles - January 8, 2021 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Dressing up with Disney and Make-Believe with Marvel: The Impact of Gendered Costumes on Gender Typing, Prosocial Behavior, and Perseverance during Early Childhood
AbstractWearing costumes is a common experience during early childhood and is often important to sociodramatic play. Costumes tend to be highly gendered for both girls and boys (such as princess and superhero costumes). However, there is very little research on the impact that wearing costumes has on gender-differentiated behavior, such as toy preference, prosocial behavior, or perseverance during early childhood. The current study included 223 U.S. children, aged between 3 and 5 years-old. Children were assigned to wear either a gendered, counter-gendered, or gender-neutral costume, and they then took part in three gen...
Source: Sex Roles - January 8, 2021 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Sexy, Thin, and White: The Intersection of Sexualization, Body Type, and Race on Stereotypes about Women
AbstractMedia images often present one idealized type of woman: she is thin, sexualized, and White. Although research has shown that there are stereotypes associated with sexualized women, known research has not addressed whether these stereotypes vary based on other characteristics such as body type and race. The current study aimed to examine the stereotypes associated with women who varied in sexualization, as well as body size and race, and whether participants ’ characteristics moderated these stereotypes. U.S. college-aged students (n = 500: 101 men, 393 women, 6 unknown) completed measures of gender stereotype...
Source: Sex Roles - January 8, 2021 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Resource Transmission is not Reciprocal: A Dyadic Analysis of Family Support, Work-Life Balance, and Life Satisfaction in Dual-Earner Parents with Adolescent Children
AbstractParents in dual-earner couples use family resources to balance work and other life roles, which can influence not only their own well-being, but that of their partner. Following the theories of conservation of resources and role balance, in the present study we proposed that family support is positively associated with life satisfaction, directly and via work-life balance, in dyads of different-sex dual-earner parents with adolescent children 10 –17 years-old. Questionnaires were administered to 303 different-sex dual-earner couples in Temuco, Chile. Both parents answered the family subscale of the Multidimensio...
Source: Sex Roles - January 7, 2021 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
“I Can’t Operate, that Boy Is my Son!”: Gender Schemas and a Classic Riddle
AbstractTo study the power of lived experiences and conscious attitudes in helping individuals to overcome nonconscious gender schemas, U.S. university students (n = 152) were administered a classic riddle requiring the gender schema-inconsistent realization that a surgeon could be a woman. Fewer than a third of participants (30%) responded that the surgeon in the riddle could be a woman. More participants (36%) responded to the riddle by noting that the surgeon could be a second father in a same-sex marriage. Regression analysis tested whether demographic, experiential, and attitudinal variables predicted the realizat...
Source: Sex Roles - January 7, 2021 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Young Adult Women ’s Aspirations for Education and Career in Qatar: Active Resistance to Gendered Power
AbstractUsing Komter ’s theory of hidden gender power in marriage, we explore how young Qatari women’s aspirations are influenced by their parents, future husbands, and the internalization of social norms about gender dynamics. Interviewing a convenience sample of 28 Qatari women, ages 18 to 25 years old and attend ing university in Qatar, we explore the ways in which women acquiesce to or resist the gendered barriers they face to fulfilling their aspirations for education and career. Interviews were conducted in Arabic and translated into English. Using a qualitative descriptive design for analysis, interview s were ...
Source: Sex Roles - January 7, 2021 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
The Sexual Objectification and Alcohol Use Link: The Mediating Roles of Self-Objectification, Enjoyment of Sexualization, Body Shame, and Drinking Motives
AbstractAlcohol consumption is on the rise among U.S. women, especially college women, despite the negative consequences that uniquely and disproportionately affect them. The current work integrates objectification theory and related research with literature on drinking motivations to explore how women ’s experiences living in a culture that constantly objectifies the female body is associated with women’s consumption of alcohol. Among a sample of 539 female U.S. college students, the present study examined how differentially valenced responses to interpersonal sexual objectification (enjoymen t of sexualization or bod...
Source: Sex Roles - January 7, 2021 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Contextual Effects on the Gendered Division of Housework: A Cross-Country and Cross-Time Analysis
AbstractIndividuals who espouse an egalitarian gender ideology as well as economically independent women benefit from a more egalitarian division of housework. Although these two individual-level characteristics affect the gender division of housework, each suggests a different mechanism; the former is anchored within an economic logic and the latter within a cultural one. Using data of 25 countries from the 2002 and 2012 “Family and Changing Gender Roles” modules of the International Social Survey Program, we examine whether a country’s mean gender ideology and women’s labor force participation (WLFP) rate have a...
Source: Sex Roles - January 5, 2021 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
What Predicts Attitudes toward Transgender and Nonbinary People? An Exploration of Gender, Authoritarianism, Social Dominance, and Gender Ideology
AbstractTransgender and nonbinary (TGNB) people face discrimination based on negative societal attitudes toward TGNB identities. Our study explored factors contributing to negative TGNB attitudes, including participants ’ gender, age, religion, right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), social dominance orientation (SDO), and adherence to traditional gender ideologies. Our sample of 808 U.S. Mechanical Turk participants completed measures of RWA, SDO, traditional masculinity and femininity, and transgender attitudes and beliefs. Because TGNB people have diverse identities, we modified the transgender attitudes and beliefs scale...
Source: Sex Roles - January 5, 2021 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
