Identifying Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Patterns and Co-occurrence of Post-Breakup Stalking Among South Korean Men
AbstractViolence against women, including intimate partner violence (IPV) and stalking, is a serious issue in Korea. Studies have found that most stalking perpetrators are current or former intimate partners, and there is a significant association between stalking behaviors and IPV. Using data from the Violence Against Women, Focused on Intimate Partner Violence (VAW-IPV) study, collected by the Korean Institute of Criminology (KIC), this study aims to identify patterns of IPV perpetration and examine how those patterns predict post-breakup stalking among 847 Korean men who were in a romantic relationship, but are not curr...
Source: Sex Roles - November 12, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Children ’s Evaluations of Gender Non-Conforming Peers
AbstractAlthough prior studies demonstrate that children view gender non-conforming peers less positively than gender conforming peers, little is known about how or whether children use gender non-conformity as the basis for other types of social evaluations. The current study presented 4- and 5-year-olds (n = 91) and 6–8-year-olds (n = 99) with gender conforming (GC) and gender non-conforming (GNC) dolls and asked them to make several evaluations including liking, similarity, affiliation, perceived popularity, academic competence, rule knowledge, and resource allocation. We also investigated whether evaluations ...
Source: Sex Roles - November 4, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Teachers ’ Gender-Role Attitudes and Gendered Classroom Practices
This study used an online survey in the U.S. to examine Pre-K, 2nd, and 5th grade (N = 539) teachers’ (81% white; 94% female) gendered classroom practices (i.e., promotion of gender salience, gender segregation, gender integration) as well as the effects of gender-role attitudes on these practices. The promotion of gender salience entailed practices such as the use of gender labels and setting up competitions between boys and girls. The promotion of gender segregation entailed practices facilitating same-gender student interactions whereas the promotion of gender integration entailed practices facilitating mixed-gend...
Source: Sex Roles - November 4, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Gendered Impact of Caregiving Responsibilities on Tenure Track Faculty Parents ’ Professional Lives
In this study, we examine the ways in which professional life interruptions due to child caregiving (e.g., opportunities not offered, professional travel curtailed) affect pre- and post-tenure faculty members ’ career satisfaction and retention. We also examine whether sharing caregiving responsibilities with a partner affected faculty members’ (particularly women’s) career outcomes. In a sample of 753 tenure track faculty parents employed at a large research-intensive university, results showed th at as the number of professional life interruptions due to caregiving increased, faculty members experienced less career...
Source: Sex Roles - November 4, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Parenting Practices and Authenticity in Mothers and Fathers
AbstractWe explored the relationship between parenting practices and the experience of subjective authenticity in the parenting role. Based on work showing that authenticity responds to violations of broad social expectations, we predicted that mothers would feel more authentic than fathers. We also predicted, however, that parenting practices that conflicted with broad gender norms would differentially predict authenticity for mothers and fathers. We tested this prediction in a single study of U.S. parents recruited from an internet research panel service (N = 529). Parents completed online measures of authenticity an...
Source: Sex Roles - November 4, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Gender Stereotypes and Peer Selection in STEM Domains Among Children and Adolescents
AbstractGender stereotypes are harmful for girls ’ enrollment and performance in science and mathematics. So far, less is known about children’s and adolescents’ stereotypes regarding technology and engineering. In the current study, participants’ (N = 1,206, girlsn = 623; 5–17-years-old,M = 8.63,SD = 2.81) gender stereotypes for each of the STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) domains were assessed along with the relation between these stereotypes and a peer selection task in a STEM context. Participants reported beliefs that boys are usually more skilled than are girl s in th...
Source: Sex Roles - November 4, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
The Role of Racism and Sexism in Attitudes Towards Abortion Among White, Latinx, and Black Individuals
AbstractAttitudes towards abortion play a significant historical and contemporary role in U.S. politics. Research has documented the influence of racist and sexist attitudes in Americans ’ political opinions, yet the role of these attitudes has largely been absent in psychological research about abortion. We hypothesized that racism and sexism, originating from historically-rooted stereotypes about Black women’s sexuality and motherhood, would be related to abortion attitudes. I n Study 1, we recruited three samples—Black (n = 401), Latinx (n = 316), and White (n = 343) individuals diverse in age, gender,...
Source: Sex Roles - October 28, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Students ’ Representations of Menopause and Perimenopause: Out of Control Bodies and Empathetic Expert Doctors
AbstractRepresentations of peri/menopause are influential in relation to how peri/menopause is understood and how peri/menopausal women are perceived, both of which have important implications for health and wellbeing. In this paper, we report results from a story completion study with 102 undergraduate psychology students. Participants were invited to write a response to a fictional scenario about a peri/menopausal woman. Thematic analysis was used to construct two themes. In the first theme,Women ’s bodies out of control, we report how students represented peri/menopausal women ’s bodies as unpredictable and uncontro...
Source: Sex Roles - October 13, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Sexual Violence and Psychological Distress: The Roles of Coping Self-Efficacy, Self-Blame, Shame, Activism, and Feminism
AbstractIn the current study, we investigated potential direct and indirect effects of exposure to sexual violence on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity and depression, and anti-sexual activism and feminist identification as moderators of these effects, among a sample of 440 United States women who had experienced sexual assault in adulthood. We found that sexual violence exposure was both directly and indirectly related to PTSD symptom severity via less trauma coping self-efficacy, greater behavioral and characterological self-blame, and more shame. Sexual violence exposure was also indirectly related t...
Source: Sex Roles - October 11, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Too Tired to Lean In? Sleep Quality Impacts Women ’s Daily Intentions to Pursue Workplace Status
AbstractAn assumption of sleep and self-regulation theories is that sleep quality impacts mood which, in turn, prompts individuals to revise their work-related goals. We propose that gender differences in emotion, emotional regulation, and career aspirations layer complexity onto these basic assumptions. In the current work, we investigate the effect of daily sleep quality – via positive affect – on intentions to pursue more status and responsibility at work (i.e., aspirations), as a function of participant gender. We test our model using experience sampling methodology, surveying 135 full-time employees residing in th...
Source: Sex Roles - October 1, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
College Students ’ Perceptions of Ambiguous Hook-ups Involving Alcohol Intoxication
AbstractAlcohol intoxication is a prevalent feature of university life and campus sexual assault cases. While previous research has examined how students perceive obvious cases of assault, less is known about how students evaluate more ambiguous sexual scenarios —such as those including two intoxicated individuals. In three survey experiments with college students (N = 990), we examined how manipulating the intoxication (sober vs. drunk) of a man accused of assault (the respondent) influenced perceptions of a hook-up scenario involving an intoxicated woman. Although university policies indicate that respondent intoxi...
Source: Sex Roles - October 1, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Children ’s Physical Gender Schemas: Acquisition and Features
AbstractStudies on how physical gender schemas develop in children have traditionally utilized forced-choice and close-ended tasks, finding that the ability to make gender-related distinctions develops in the first years of a child ’s life. To reduce demand characteristics that reinforce gender binaries in children’s models of gender, we relied on open-ended discourse analysis to study children’s physical gender schemas. We focused on whether children’s ability to ask questions that distinguish gender groups was greate r in older than younger children. Participants were 44 3–4-year-olds, 35 5–6-year-olds, and 2...
Source: Sex Roles - September 21, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Conditional Parochial Vicarious Ostracism: Gender Collective Narcissism Predicts Distress at the Exclusion of the Gender Ingroup in Women and Men
AbstractThree experiments (two pre-registered) tested whether gender collective narcissism (i.e., a belief that one ’s gender ingroup’s exceptionality is not sufficiently recognized by others) predicts parochial vicarious ostracism (i.e., feeling ostracized and distressed while recognizing the gender ingroup’s exclusion, but not when recognizing the exclusion of the gender outgroup). In all studies (overallN = 1480), gender collective narcissism was positively associated with distress among women who witnessed the exclusion of women, but not among men who witnessed the exclusion of women. In Study 3, gender colle...
Source: Sex Roles - September 16, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Spatial Skills and Self-Perceived Masculinity: Considering College Major STEM-ness, Directionality, and Gender
AbstractThe sex-role mediation hypothesis suggests that a masculine self-concept promotes male-typed cognition, including spatial skills. Support for the hypothesis is mixed, limited by small samples and the spatial skills examined, with few studies exploring the role of gendered activities, experiences, and interests (e.g., Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics [STEM] college majors). Therefore, in a sample of 339 undergraduate students, a series of regression analyses with bootstrapped-based estimation of indirect effects was used to determine whether self-perceived masculinity was related to three-dimensiona...
Source: Sex Roles - September 10, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
The G-NORM Scale: Development and Validation of a Theory-Based Gender Norms Scale
AbstractGender norms are increasingly recognized as important modifiers of health. Despite growing awareness of how gender norms affect health behavior, current gender norms scales are often missing two important theoretical components: differentiating between descriptive and injunctive norms and adding a referent group. We used a mixed-methods approach to develop and validate a novel gender norms scale that includes both theoretical components. Based on qualitative data, the theory of normative social behavior, and the theory of gender and power, we generated a pool of 28 items. We included the items in a baseline questio...
Source: Sex Roles - September 3, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
