Distribution of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunoreactivity in the brain of the teleost Cyprinus carpio
Cholinergic systems play a role in basic cerebral functions and its dysfunction is associated with deficit in neurodegenerative disease. Mechanisms involved in human brain diseases, are often approached by using fish models, especially cyprinids, given basic similarities of the fish brain to that of mammals. In the present paper, the organization of central cholinergic systems have been described in the cyprinidCyprinus carpio, the common carp, by using specific polyclonal antibodies against ChAT, the synthetic enzyme of acetylcholine, that is currently used as a specific marker for cholinergic neurons in all vertebrates.&...
Source: European Journal of Histochemistry - July 24, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Damaged muscle fibers might masquerade as hybrid fibers – a cautionary note on immunophenotyping mouse muscle with mouse monoclonal antibodies
We report that, labeling mouse muscle tissue, with mouse monoclonal antibodies specific to slow or fast myosin heavy chain (sMyHC and fMyHC, respectively), can lead to artefactual labeling of damaged muscle fibers, as hybrid fibers (sMyHC+ and fMyHC+). We demonstrate that such erroneous immunophenotyping of muscle may be avoided, by performing colabeling or serial-section-labeling, to identify damaged fibers. The quadriceps femoris muscle group (QF) in 7-month-old, male, C57BL/6J mice had: 1.21 ± 0.21%, 98.34 ± 1.06%, 0.07 ± 0.01%, and 0.53 ± 0.85% fibers, that were, sMyHC+, fMyHC+, hybrid, and damaged, respectiv...
Source: European Journal of Histochemistry - July 23, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Activation of the renin-angiotensin system in mice aggravates mechanical loading-induced knee osteoarthritis
Epidemiological studies have shown an association between hypertension and knee osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether activation of the renin –angiotensin system (RAS) can aggravate mechanical loading-induced knee OA in mice. Eight-week-old male Tsukuba hypertensive mice (THM) and C57BL/6 mice were divided into running and non-running groups. Mice in the running group were forced to run (25 m/min, 30 min/day, 5 days/week) on a treadmill . All mice in the four groups (n=10 in each group) were euthanized after 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 weeks of running or natural breeding. Cartilage degeneration ...
Source: European Journal of Histochemistry - July 23, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
GalNAc-T15 in gastric adenocarcinoma: Characterization according to tissue architecture and cellular location
This study aims to investigate the differential tissue expression of ppGalNAc-T15 and to evaluate its possible association with clinical-pathological parameters and outcome of gastric adenocarcinoma patients. For these 70 patients were evaluated the expression by immunohistochemistry to ppGalNAc-T15. Our results showed that 33 (47.1%) patients were ppGalNAC-T15+ positive and 37 (52.9%) negative. Positive staining for ppGalNAc-T15 was significantly present in patients older than 60 years (P=0.0306) and submitted to total gastrectomy (P=0.0087). Also, some results remained at the limit of significance as surgical standing (P...
Source: European Journal of Histochemistry - June 14, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Appearance of β-dystroglycan precedes the formation of glio-vascular end-feet in developing rat brain
Dystroglycan has an important role in binding of perivascular glial end-feet tothe basal lamina. Its β-subunit is localized in the glial end-feet. The investigation period lasted from E(embryonic day)12 to E20. Laminin and β-dystroglycan were detected by immunohistochemistry, the glial localization of the latter one was supported by electron microscopy. The immatureglial structures were visuali zed by the immunostaining of nestin. The β-dystroglycan immunoreactivity appeared at E16 following the laminin of basal lamina but preceding the perivascular processes of radial glia (E18) and astrocyte-like cells (E20). It occ...
Source: European Journal of Histochemistry - May 18, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
The role of mutated SOD1 gene in synaptic stripping and MHC class I expression following nerve axotomy in ALS murine model
This study demonstrates, for the first time, that the presence of mutated SOD1 protein affects the MHC class I molecules expression, altering the presynaptic input in motoneurons. Nevertheless, a positive MHC class I immunolabeling was evident in glial cells around facial injured motoneurons, underlying an involvement of these cells in synaptic stripping. This study contributes to better understand the involvement of the mutated SOD1 protein in the vulnerability of motoneurons after damage. (Source: European Journal of Histochemistry)
Source: European Journal of Histochemistry - May 17, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
ATP metabolizing enzymes ENPP1, 2 and 3 are localized in sensory neurons of rat dorsal root ganglion
In this study, we examined expression and localization of ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (ENPPs), by which ATP is metabolized to AMP, in rat DRG. The mRNA expression levels of ENPP2 were greater than those of ENPP1 and ENPP3 in rat DRGs. On immunohistochemical analysis, ENPP1, 2 and 3 were found in soma of DRG neurons. Immunopositive rate of ENPP3 was greater than that of ENPP1 and ENPP2 in all DRG neurons. ENPP3, as compared with ENPP1 and ENPP2, was expressed mainly by isolectin B4-positive cells, and slightly by neurofilament 200-positive ones. In this way, the expression profile of ENPP1, 2 and 3 wa...
Source: European Journal of Histochemistry - April 9, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Marine bisindole alkaloid: A potential apoptotic inducer in human cancer cells
Marine organisms such as corals, sponges and tunicates produce active molecules which could represent a valid starting point for new drug development processes. Among the various structural classes, the attention has been focused on 2,2-bis(6-bromo-3-indolyl) ethylamine, a marine alkaloid which showed a good anticancer activity against several tumor cell lines. Here, for the first time, the mechanisms of action of 2,2-bis(6-bromo-3-indolyl) ethylamine have been evaluated in a U937 tumor cell model. Morpho-functional and molecular analyses, highlighting its preferred signaling pathway, demonstrated that apoptosis is the maj...
Source: European Journal of Histochemistry - April 3, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
ATP metabolizing enzymes ENPP1, 2 and 3 are localized in sensory neurons of rat dorsal root ganglion
In this study, we examined expression and localization of ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (ENPPs), by which ATP is metabolized to AMP, in rat DRG. The mRNA expression levels of ENPP2 were greater than those of ENPP1 and ENPP3 in rat DRGs. On immunohistochemical analysis, ENPP1, 2 and 3 were found in soma of DRG neurons. Immunopositive rate of ENPP3 was greater than that of ENPP1 and ENPP2 in all DRG neurons. ENPP3, as compared with ENPP1 and ENPP2, was expressed mainly by isolectin B4-positive cells, and slightly by neurofilament 200-positive ones. In this way, the expression profile of ENPP1, 2 and 3 wa...
Source: European Journal of Histochemistry - April 3, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Fluorescent characterization of amyloid deposits in the kidneys of mdx mice
We examined 8 cases of renal amyloidosis in agedmdx mice. In all cases, we used traditional methods for amyloiddetection(Congo red and ThioflavinT), as well as a new fluorescent dye, disodium salt of 2,7- (1-amino-4-sulfo-2-naphthylazo) fluorene (DSNAF). In our study, we confirmed the amyloid structure of protein deposits in kidneys of agingmdx mice by several fluorescence-based staining methods. We found that fixation method has profound effects on downstream staining procedures, and demonstrated that the application of specific fixative, zinc-ethanol-formaldehyde (ZEF), instead of traditional NBF allow to reduce the back...
Source: European Journal of Histochemistry - April 3, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Distribution of non-myelinating Schwann cells and their associations with leukocytes in mouse spleen revealed by immunofluorescence staining
The nervous system and the immune system communicate extensively with each other in order to maintain homeostasis and to regulate the immune response. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) communicates specifically with the immune system according to local interactions, including the “hardwiring” of sympathetic/parasympathetic (efferent) and sensory nerves (afferent) to lymphoid tissue and organs. To reveal this type of bidirectional neuroimmune interaction at the microscopic level, we used immunofluorescent staining of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) coupled with con focal microscopy/3D reconstruction to reveal t...
Source: European Journal of Histochemistry - April 3, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Quantification of placental change in mouse models of preeclampsia using magnetic resonance microscopy
This study investigates changes in placental histopathology in mouse models of preeclampsia compared to the morphology using magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) (11.7 T) of intactex vivo tissue followed by 3D analysis of the image data. Here, C57BL/6JArc pregnant mice were subject to either normal pregnancy (n=3), or to one of two experimental models of preeclampsia; TNF- α infusion (n=3) or reduced uterine perfusion pressure(RUPP) (n=3). Placental tissue was collected at gestational day (gd) 17, fixed in formalin and incubated with Magnavist™ contrast agent, and high resolution images (50 μm × 50 μm × 50 μm voxe...
Source: European Journal of Histochemistry - April 3, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
