Evidence of SARS-CoV2 Entry Protein ACE2 in the Human Nose and Olfactory Bulb
Usually, pandemic COVID-19 disease, caused by SARS-CoV2, presents with mild respiratory symptoms such as fever, cough, but frequently also with anosmia and neurological symptoms. Virus-cell fusion is mediated by angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) with their organ expression pattern determining viral tropism. Clinical presentation suggests rapid viral dissemination to the central nervous system leading frequently to severe symptoms including viral meningitis. Here, we provide a comprehensive expression landscape of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 proteins across human postmortem nasal and ...
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - January 22, 2021 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Targeting EZH2 Ameliorates the LPS-Inhibited PDLSC Osteogenesis via Wnt/ β-Catenin Pathway
This study aimed to identify the underlying mechanisms and explore the function of EZH2 in PDLSC osteogenesis under inflammation. PDLSCs were treated with sh-EZH2, DZNep or DKK1 under inflammation. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red staining, and osteogenesis-related protein levels were analyzed. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation restrained osteogenic differentiation. Under inflammation, the upregulation of EZH2 suppressed the expression of osteogenic markers, including osteocalcin, runt-related transcription factor 2, and bone morphogenetic protein-2, the activity of ALP, and the accumulatio...
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - January 18, 2021 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
FGF10 Attenuates Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury through TLR4/MyD88/NF- κB Pathway
In conclusion, ov erexpression of FGF10 could ameliorate neurological deficit, neuronal apoptosis, and neuroinflammation through inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for brain injury in the future.Cells Tissues Organs (Source: Cells Tissues Organs)
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - January 13, 2021 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Engineering Murine Adipocytes and Skeletal Muscle Cells in Meat-like Constructs Using Self-Assembled Layer-by-Layer Biofabrication: A Platform for Development of Cultivated Meat
Global meat consumption has been growing on a per capita basis over the past 20 years resulting in ever-increasing devotion of resources in the form of arable land and potable water to animal husbandry which is unsustainable and inefficient. One approach to meet this insatiable demand is to use biofabrication methods used in tissue engineering in order to make skeletal muscle tissue-like constructs known as cultivated meat to be used as a food source. Here, we demonstrate the use of a scaffold-free biofabrication method that forms cell sheets composed of murine adipocytes and skeletal muscle cells and assembles these sheet...
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - January 13, 2021 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Chicken Second Branchial Arch Progenitor Cells Contribute to Heart Musculature in vitro and in vivo
In the past, the heart muscle was thought to originate from a single source of myocardial progenitor cells. More recently, however, an additional source of myocardial progenitors has been revealed to be the second heart field, and chicken embryos were important for establishing this concept. However, there have been few studies in chicken on how this field contributes to heart muscles in vitro. We have developed an ex vivo experimental system from chicken embryos between stages HH17 –20 to investigate how mesodermal progenitors in the second branchial arch (BA2) differentiate into cardiac muscles. Using this method, we p...
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - January 8, 2021 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) as a Therapeutic Target
Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the primary tumour to distant sites and organs throughout the body. It is the primary cause of cancer morbidity and mortality, and is estimated to account for 90% of cancer-related deaths. During the initial steps of the metastatic cascade, epithelial cancer cells undergo an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and as a result become migratory and invasive mesenchymal-like cells while acquiring cancer stem cell properties and therapy resistance. As EMT is involved in such a broad range of processes associated with malignant transformation, it has become an increasingly inte...
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - January 5, 2021 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Biodistribution of Intramuscularly-Transplanted Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Immunocompetent Healthy Rats through NIR Imaging
Owing to their neural crest origin, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are increasingly gaining prominence in treating nervous system disease conditions. However, as per the regulatory bodies [European-Medicines Agency (EMA), Indian-Council of Medical-Research (ICMR)], their biodistribution after transplantation needs to be evaluated for them to be considered for cell-based therapy for clinical trials. There are yet no studies describing the dynamic distribution of human origin DPSCs (hDPSCs) after transplantation in an immunocompetent, physiologically healthy animal model. Here, using near-infrared (NIR)-based whole animal an...
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - December 17, 2020 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
The Impact of Age and Gender on Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Immune Contexture of the Bone Marrow Microenvironment
In conclusion, since the number of HSCs plays a pivotal role in the clinical outcome of allogeneic HSC transplantations, identifying a younger donor regardless the gender is critical.Cells Tissues Organs (Source: Cells Tissues Organs)
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - December 16, 2020 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
The Role of Calcium Signaling in Regulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
Despite substantial advances in the field of cancer therapeutics, metastasis is a significant challenge for a favorable clinical outcome. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process of acquiring increased motility, invasiveness, and therapeutic resistance by cancer cells for their sustained growth and survival. A plethora of intrinsic mechanisms and extrinsic microenvironmental factors drive the process of cancer metastasis. Calcium (Ca2+) signaling plays a critical role in dictating the adaptive metastatic cell behavior comprising of cell migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and intravasation. By modulating EMT,...
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - December 14, 2020 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Hypoxia-Preconditioned Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Mitigate Hypoglycemic Testicular Injury Induced by Insulin in Rats
In conclusion, hypoxia-preconditioned hUCB-MSCs attenuate rat testicular injury caused by insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Avoidance and rapid management of hypoglycemia are necessary to avoid significant testicular injury.Cells Tissues Organs (Source: Cells Tissues Organs)
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - October 28, 2020 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Optimizing the Decellularized Porcine Liver Scaffold Protocol
In conclusion, our protocol is efficient to promote human-sized whole-liver scaffold decellularization and thus useful to generate bioengineered livers to overcome the shortage of organs.Cells Tissues Organs (Source: Cells Tissues Organs)
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - October 9, 2020 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Characterization of Tissue-Engineered Human Periosteum and Allograft Bone Constructs: The Potential of Periosteum in Bone Regenerative Medicine
Delayed-union or non-union between a host bone and a graft is problematic in clinical treatment of segmental bone defects in orthopedic cases. Based on a preliminary study of human periosteum allografts from this laboratory, the present work has extensively investigated the use of human cadaveric tissue-engineered periosteum-allograft constructs as an approach to healing such serious orthopedic surgical situations. In this current report, human cadaveric periosteum-wrapped bone allografts and counterpart controls without periosteum were implanted subcutaneously in athymic mice (nu/nu) for 10, 20, and, for the first time, 4...
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - September 16, 2020 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
OVOL1/2: Drivers of Epithelial Differentiation in Development, Disease, and Reprogramming
OVOL proteins (OVOL1 and OVOL2), vertebrate homologs ofDrosophila OVO, are critical regulators of epithelial lineage determination and differentiation during embryonic development in tissues such as kidney, skin, mammary epithelia, and testis. OVOL can inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition and/or can promote mesenchymal-epithelial transition. Moreover, they can regulate the stemness of cancer cells, thus playing an important role during cancer cell metastasis. Due to their central role in differentiation and maintenance of epithelial lineage, OVOL overexpression has been shown to be capable of reprogramming fibroblasts...
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - September 15, 2020 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Evaluating the Effects of Different Concentrations of Human Follicular Fluid on Growth, Development, and PCNA Gene Expression of Mouse Ovarian Follicles
This study aims to assess the effects of various concentrations of human follicular fluid (hFF) on growth, development, and expression of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) gene in mouse ovarian follicles in vitro. Preantral follicles were isolated from 14-day NMRI mouse ovaries. The follicles were cultured in basic media enriched with FBS, FSH, and insulin-transferrin-selenium, and supplemented with different concentrations of hFF (10, 20, and 30%) for 12 days. During the culture period, survival rate and follicular maturation, follicular diameter, levels of estrogen and progesterone secretion, and PCNA gene ex...
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - August 26, 2020 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Human Levels of MMP-1 in Degenerated Disks Can Be Mitigated by Signaling Peptides from Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in intervertebral disks (IVDs) during IVD degeneration plays a vital role in low back pain (LBP). In healthy IVDs, synthesis and degradation of ECM are kept in balance by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs. MMPs are enzymes responsible for ECM degradation, and their expression levels are known to increase in degenerated disks. However, the exact pathophysiological concentration of MMP-1 in the degenerated disks of patients with chronic LBP has not been reported previously. Factors secreted by human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have shown positive resul...
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - August 21, 2020 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
