Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Conditions of Chronic Stress Induced by Sciatic Nerve Injury in the Rat
This study concerns alterations in hippocampal neurogenesis and changes in activity of both proinflammatory and neuroprotective microglia/macrophages after sciatic nerve injury in the rat. Here, we demonstrated that the chronic pain induced by a peripheral nerve injury manifests in the hippocampus by a decrease in proliferation (PCNA+) and neurogenesis (DCX+), an increase in proinflammatory cytokines (CD86+), and a reduction in neuroprotective (CD163+) microglia/macrophages. We suggest that a pathological increase microglia/macrophage activity is the cause of neurogenesis suppression observed in chronic neuropathic pain.Ce...
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - July 8, 2019 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Pathological Effects of Cortisol on Intervertebral Disc Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Lower Back Pain Patients
In western countries, lower back pain (LBP) is one of the most common disorders, experienced by more than 80% of the population. Chronic LBP due to disc degeneration has been linked to ongoing inflammatory processes in the disc and endplates. Pain effects the body in different ways, inducing a general stress response in which the body responds by releasing the stress hormone cortisol. Little is known about the impact of pain-induced stress on the progression of disc degeneration. Thus, the effects of cortisol on disc cells (DCs) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were explored in vitro with the objective of investiga...
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - July 3, 2019 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
In vitro Engineering of a Skin Substitute Based on Adipose-Derived Stem Cells
In the field of wound healing, stem cell-based strategies are gaining importance for their regenerative potential. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are a particular subset of mesenchymal stem cells present in the stromal-vascular fraction of the adipose tissue, today considered very attractive for their relative abundance and accessibility in the human body. However, ADSCs are still not routinely used in normal clinical practice. Several studies have also reported ADSC transplantation in association with biomaterials in an attempt to enhance the local retention and growth rate of the cells. The aim of our study was to ev...
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - July 1, 2019 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Anticatabolic Effects of Morin through the Counteraction of Interleukin-1 β-Induced Inflammation in Rat Primary Chondrocytes
This study aimed to elucidate the anticatabolic effects and cellular mechanism of morin against interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) in rat primary chondrocytes. Morin at 10–100 μM did not affect the viability of rat primary chondrocytes. Treatment with morin for 21 days ameliorated the IL-1β-induced decrease in extracellular matrix. Furthermore, treatment with morin attenuated IL-1β-induced proteoglycan loss in the articular cartilage through suppression of catabolic factors, such as matrix metalloproteinases, inflammatory mediators, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These data indicated that morin exerted anticatabolic effects t...
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - June 28, 2019 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Morphological and Immunohistochemical Characterization of Human Intrinsic Gastric Neurons
Our knowledge about human gastric enteric neuron types is even more limited than that of human intestinal types. Here, we immunohistochemically stained wholemounts and sections of gastric specimens obtained from 18 tumor-resected patients. Myenteric wholemounts were labeled for choline acetyl transferase (ChAT), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and the human neuronal protein HuC/D (as pan neuronal marker for quantitative analysis) or alternatively for neurofilament (for morphological evaluation). ChAT-positive neurons outnumbered NOS-positive neurons (56 vs. 27%), and neurons negative for both markers accounted for ...
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - June 21, 2019 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Unravelling the Role of MAPKs (ERK1/2) in Venous Reflux in Patients with Chronic Venous Disorder
This study sought to examine whether ERK1/2 plays a role in venous reflux. This was a prospective study performed on 56 participants including 11 healthy controls. Of the CVeD patients, 23 had venous reflux with CVI (CVI-R) and 22 had no reflux (NR). Distribution by age was: controls #x3c;50 years (n = 4) and ≥50 years (n = 7); NR #x3c;50 years (n = 9) and ≥50 years (n = 13); CVI-R #x3c;50 years (n = 11) and ≥50 years (n = 12). Great saphenous vein specimens were subjected to gene (real-time polymerase chain reaction, RT-qPCR) and protein (immunohistochemistry, IHC) expression techniques to identify ERK1/2. Data was ...
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - June 14, 2019 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
The Hinrichsen Embryology Collection: Digitization of Historical Histological Human Embryonic Slides and MRI of Whole Fetuses
The number of human embryology collections is very limited worldwide. Some of these comprise theCarnegie Collection, Kyoto Collection, and theBlechschmidt Collection. One further embryonic collection is theHinrichsen Collection of the Ruhr University Bochum, Germany, which also contains very well-preserved embryos/fetuses, along with approximately 16,000 histological sections. The digitization of this collection is indispensable to enable conservation of the collection for the future and to provide a large group of embryologists, researchers, and physicians access to these histological slides. A small selection of these sc...
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - June 12, 2019 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Modeling the Effects of Yoga on the Progression of Alzheimer ’s Disease in a Dish
Alzheimer ’s disease (AD) accounts for 80% of all dementia cases, making it the most common form of dementia. Aging serves as the main risk factor for AD, but early onset AD can also occur in individuals younger than 65 years. AD results from progressive neurodegeneration leading to dysfunctional synaptic t ransmission in the brain. The cascade hypothesis of AD states that amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism becomes impaired either by mutation or an interleukin-mediated stress response to injury, resulting in the splicing of harmful oligomeric forms of amyloid beta (Aβ). These oligomers disrupt extracellular rece...
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - May 23, 2019 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Morphometric, Densitometric, and Mechanical Properties of Maxillary Teeth in 5-Month-Old Polish Merino Sheep
This study was performed to determine morphological, densitometric, mechanical, and elemental characteristics of maxillary teeth in 5-month-old Polish Merino sheep. The total tooth volume (Tvol) was determined using quantitative computed tomography. Micro-computed tomography was used to determine the total enamel volume (Evol), volumetric enamel mineral density, total dentine volume (Dvol), volumetric dentine mineral density, and total tooth enamel and dentine volume (EDvol). Compression testing was used to determine the ultimate force of teeth. Microhardness of enamel and dentine was evaluated using Vicker ’s test. Elem...
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - May 23, 2019 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Gestational Age-Dependent Fetal Fluid Dynamics in the Ovine Developmental Model: Establishment of Surrogate Markers for the Differentiation of Stem Cell Origin
The ovine developmental model represents the standard in vivo model for studies involving maternofetal physiology, amniotic fluid (AF) research, and fetal cell therapy prior to human clinical use. Although being close to the human fetal anatomy, 2 separate extraembryonic fluid compartments remain during gestation, known as the amnion and the allantois. A clear distinction between AF versus allantoic fluid (AL) is therefore indispensable for correct scientific conclusions with regard to human translation. In the presented study, the biochemical composition of AF and AL was evaluated in ovine gravid uteri postmortem (n = 31)...
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - May 10, 2019 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Naringin Ameliorates Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes through Forkhead Box M1-Mediated Beta Cell Proliferation
Conclusion: Naringin was found to upregulate the FoxM1 transcription factor in diabetic animals, which influenced the proliferation and functional status of beta cells.Cells Tissues Organs (Source: Cells Tissues Organs)
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - May 8, 2019 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Factors Influencing the Outcomes of Artificial Hip Replacements
Hip replacement is one of the most successful surgeries in the clinic for the removal of painful joints. Hip osteoarthritis and femoral head necrosis are the 2 main reasons for hip replacement. Several factors are associated with the outcomes of surgery. Nonsurgical factors include gender, age, body mass index, prosthetic material, and risk factors. Surgical factors are anesthesia, postoperative complications, and rehabilitation. Considering the increasing demand for hip arthroplasty and the rise in the number of revision operations, it is imperative to understand factor-related progress and how modifications of these fact...
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - May 6, 2019 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Cotreatment of IGF1 and Fadrozole Upregulates the Expression of RSPO1, SOX9, and AMH in Chicken Embryos
In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that combined effects of IGF1 and fadrozole induce female-to-male sex reversal by increasing the expression of testis developmental factors rather than attenuating ovary developmental factors.Cells Tissues Organs (Source: Cells Tissues Organs)
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - April 25, 2019 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Ronan O ’Rahilly 1921–2018: A Personal Remembering
Cells Tissues Organs (Source: Cells Tissues Organs)
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - April 15, 2019 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
In Memory of the Embryologist Ronan O ’Rahilly
Cells Tissues Organs (Source: Cells Tissues Organs)
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - April 15, 2019 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
