Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cell Culture: Effects of Different Concentrations of Human Platelet Lysate in Media
In conclusion, increasing the pHPL concentration to 20% could be used to optimize culture conditions when producing cells for clinical treatments and may even be used to enhance beneficial ASC properties depending on the desired therapeutic effect.Cells Tissues Organs (Source: Cells Tissues Organs)
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - March 22, 2021 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Microfluidic Assays for Probing Neutrophil- < b > < i > Borrelia < /i > < /b > Interactions in Blood During Lyme Disease
In this study, we employed microfluidic tools to probe the interaction between human neutrophils and Bb and measured the activation of human neutrophils in blood samples from patients. We found that neutrophils migrate vigorously toward Bb in the presence of serum, and this process was complement-dependent. Preventing complement factor 5 cleavage or blocking complement receptors decreased neutrophil ’s ability to interact with Bb. We also found that spiking Bb directly into the blood from healthy donors induced spontaneous neutrophil motility. This response to Bb was also complement-dependent. Preventing complement facto...
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - March 18, 2021 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Identification of CD44 as a Cell-Surface Marker for Kit Negative Interstitial Cells of Cajal in Adult Mouse Colon
In this study, we treated adult mice with imatinib (a Kit signaling blocker) for 8 or 16 days and investigated whether CD44 is a specific marker for the Kit negative ICCs in the adult mouse colon. We aimed at examining the protein and mRNA level of CD44 and Kit by using Western blot and real-time RT-PCR, respectively. Our results indicated that Kit expression was downregulated for both protein and mRNA levels after imatinib treatment for 8 or 16 days as compared to the vehicle-treated mice. Interestingly, CD44 expression remained unchanged throughout the treatment. Immunostaining on whole-mount preparations for Kit and CD4...
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - March 10, 2021 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Netrins: Evolutionarily Conserved Regulators of Epithelial Fusion and Closure in Development and Wound Healing
Epithelial remodelling plays a crucial role during development. The ability of epithelial sheets to temporarily lose their integrity as they fuse with other epithelial sheets underpins events such as the closure of the neural tube and palate. During fusion, epithelial cells undergo some degree of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereby cells from opposing sheets dissolve existing cell-cell junctions, degrade the basement membrane, extend motile processes to contact each other, and then re-establish cell-cell junctions as they fuse. Similar events occur when an epithelium is wounded. Cells at the edge of the wound ...
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - March 10, 2021 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Modeling of Artificial 3D Human Placenta
We describe the systems and approaches used in the creation of current 3D placenta, placental transfer models as 3D placental barriers, and micro-engineered 3D placenta on-a-chip to explore complicated placental responses to nanoparticle exposure.Cells Tissues Organs (Source: Cells Tissues Organs)
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - March 10, 2021 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Polycaprolactone/Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffolds Obtained via Rotary Jet-Spinning: in vitro and in vivo Evaluation
This study aimed to evaluate in vitro and in vivo polymeric membranes obtained by a rotary jet-spinning process for the repair of critical bone defects in the calvaria of Wistar rats, for future use in tissue engineering. Experimental sample collections were performed on the 30, 60 and 90th postoperative days, and the analyses performed were histomorphometric, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting. Reducing inflammatory infiltrate in all groups and experimental periods, angiogenesis on the 30th day did not show any difference between the groups, on the 60th day, 5% polycaprolactone/beta-tricalcium phosphate(PCL/ β-TC...
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - March 10, 2021 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
3D Bioprinted Cardiac Tissues and Devices for Tissue Maturation
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Given the limited endogenous regenerative capabilities of cardiac tissue, patient-specific anatomy, challenges in treatment options, and shortage of donor tissues for transplantation, there is an urgent need for novel approaches in cardiac tissue repair. 3D bioprinting is a technology based on additive manufacturing which allows for the design of precisely controlled and spatially organized structures, which could possibly lead to solutions in cardiac tissue repair. In this review, we describe the basic morphological and physiological specifics of the he...
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - March 5, 2021 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Whole Heart Engineering: Advances and Challenges
Bioengineering a solid organ for organ replacement is a growing endeavor in regenerative medicine. Our approach – recellularization of a decellularized cadaveric organ scaffold with human cells – is currently the most promising approach to building a complex solid vascularized organ to be utilized in vivo, which remains the major unmet need and a key challenge. The 2008 publication of perfusion-based dece llularization and partial recellularization of a rat heart revolutionized the tissue engineering field by showing that it was feasible to rebuild an organ using a decellularized extracellular matrix scaffold. Toward t...
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - February 26, 2021 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Ribosome Incorporation Induces EMT-like Phenomenon with Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Breast Cancer Cell
Although ribosomes are generally known to be a translational machinery, some ribosomal proteins also have accessory functions involving early development and differentiation. Previously, we reported that ribosome incorporation into human dermal fibroblasts generated embryoid body-like cell clusters, altered cellular fate, and differentiated into cells of all 3 germ layers. However, the molecular phenomena induced by ribosome incorporation in the cell remained unknown. Here, we demonstrate that ribosome incorporation into human breast cancer cell MCF7 leads to ribosome-induced cell clusters (RICs) formation accompanying wit...
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - February 26, 2021 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Acute Response of Human Aortic Endothelial Cells to Loss of Pulsatility as Seen during Cardiopulmonary Bypass
In this study, we used the endo thelial cell culture model (ECCM) to evaluate if short-term (≤5 h) reduction in pulsatility alters levels of pro-inflammatory/pro-angiogenic cytokine levels. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) cultured within the ECCM provide a simple model to evaluate endothelial cell function in the absence of confounding factors. HAECs were maintained under normal pulsatile flow for 24 h and then subjected to continuous flow (diminished pulsatile pressure and flow) as observed during CPB for 5 h. The ECCM replicated pulsatility and flow morphologies associated with normal hemodynamic status and CPB ...
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - February 25, 2021 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Role of Block Copolymers in Tissue Engineering Applications
Research on synthesis, characterization, and understanding of novel properties of nanomaterials has led researchers to exploit their potential applications. When compared to other nanotechnologies described in the literature, electrospinning has received significant interest due to its ability to synthesize novel nanostructures (such as nanofibers, nanorods, nanotubes, etc.) with distinctive properties such as high surface-to-volume ratio, porosity, various morphologies such as fibers, tubes, ribbons, mesoporous and coated structures, and so on. Various materials such as polymers, ceramics, and composites have been fabrica...
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - February 17, 2021 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase as an Important Player in Intestinal Cell Differentiation
There is growing evidence that soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) may play a role in cell differentiation. sEH metabolizes biologically highly active and generally cytoprotective epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), generated from arachidonic acid metabolism by CYP epoxygenases (CYP2C and CYP2J subfamilies), to less active corresponding diols. We investigated the effect of sEH inhibitor (TPPU) on the expression of villin, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2J2, and sEH in undifferentiated and in vitro differentiated HT-29 and Caco2 cell lines. The administration of 10 μM TPPU on differentiated HT-29 and Caco2 cells resulted in a significant de...
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - February 15, 2021 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
A Computational Systems Biology Approach Identifies SLUG as a Mediator of Partial Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT)
Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity comprises reversible transitions among epithelial, hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (E/M) and mesenchymal phenotypes, and underlies various aspects of aggressive tumor progression such as metastasis, therapy resistance, and immune evasion. The process of cells attaining one or more hybrid E/M phenotypes is termed as partial epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Cells in hybrid E/M phenotype(s) can be more aggressive than those in either fully epithelial or mesenchymal state. Thus, identifying regulators of hybrid E/M phenotypes is essential to decipher the rheostats of phenotypic plasticit...
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - February 10, 2021 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Mapping Bone Surface Composition Using Real-Time Surface Tracked Micro-Raman Spectroscopy
The surface of bone tells a story – one that is worth a thousand words – of how it is built and how it is repaired. Chemical (i.e., composition) and physical (i.e., morphology) characteristics of the bone surface are analogous to a historical record of osteogenesis and provide key insights into bone quality. Analysis of bone che mistry is of particular relevance to the advancement of human health, cell biology, anthropology/archaeology, and biomedical engineering. Although scanning electron microscopy remains a popular and versatile technique to image bone across multiple length scales, limited chemical information can...
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - February 4, 2021 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Improving Culture Conditions, Proliferation, and Migration of Porcine Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Spinal Cord Contusion Injury Model in vitro
Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) are promising for cell therapy in spinal cord injury (SCI). The pig is one of the most approximate models of many human diseases, including SCI. In our study, we selected the optimal conditions for the culture of porcine AD-MSCs and developed an in vitro SCI model based on the culture of cells in injured spinal cord extracts (SCE) 3 days and 6 weeks after SCI. We show that Dulbecco ’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) with 20% serum content, supplemented with a combination of 5 mM L-ascorbate-2-phosphate and nonessential amino acids, stimulated a typical fibroblast-like ...
Source: Cells Tissues Organs - January 28, 2021 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
