Elucidation of molecular-targeted drug resistance mechanism by lung cancer cells
(Kanazawa University) We revealed that ALK-positive lung cancer cells, treated with crizonitib, a molecular target drug, acquired resistance to the drug not only by genetic mutation but also by concomitant epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Further, in animal experiments, mesenchymal cancer cells due to EMT were shown to revert to epithelial ones by quisinostat, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor; they regained sensitivity to the molecular-targeted drug. These results indicate a significant potential of overcoming resistance to molecular-targeted drugs. (Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer)
Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer - February 25, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: news
How Could Machine Learning and Radiomics Improve Ovarian Cancer Care?
A score derived from CT imaging using a machine learning radiomics approach was able to reliably identify epithelial ovarian cancer patients with poor survival outcomes. (Source: CancerNetwork)
Source: CancerNetwork - February 22, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Dave Levitan Source Type: news
Artificial Intelligence Predicts Survival in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
FRIDAY, Feb. 15, 2019 -- Artificial intelligence software can predict prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) above established prognostic methods, according to a study published online Feb. 15 in Nature Communications.
Haonan Lu, from the... (Source: Drugs.com - Pharma News)
Source: Drugs.com - Pharma News - February 15, 2019 Category: Pharmaceuticals Source Type: news
Breast cancer cells in mice tricked into turning into fat cells
(Cell Press) As cancer cells respond to cues in their microenvironment, they can enter a highly plastic state in which they are susceptible to transdifferentiation into a different type of cell. Researchers at the University of Basel in Switzerland exploited this critical phase, known as an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), to coax breast cancer cells in mice to turn into harmless fat cells. The proof-of-concept study appears Jan. 14, 2019, in the journal Cancer Cell. (Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer)
Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer - January 14, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: news
UCLA study overturns dogma of cancer metabolism theory
(University of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences) Scientists at the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCLA have discovered that squamous cell skin cancers do not require increased glucose to power their development and growth, contrary to a long-held belief about cancer metabolism. The findings could bring about a better understanding of many cancers' metabolic needs and lead to the development of more effective therapies for squamous cell skin cancer and other forms of epithelial cancer. (Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer)
Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer - January 9, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: news
Noninvasive Test for Colon Cancer Screening Offered as an Alternative to Colonoscopy for Screening
“The only real cure for cancer is finding it early,†said Padma Sundar, vice president of strategy and market access at CellMax Life, in an interview with MD+DI. In terms of colorectal cancer, she said it takes a long time for an adenoma to develop into cancer, so early detection of these adenomas can be lifesaving.
But colonoscopy, although the gold standard of adenoma and colon cancer detection, has issues with patient compliance. There are about 125 million Americans, 45 years old and older, who are advised to have routine screening for colorectal cancer. “Unfortunat...
Source: MDDI - January 8, 2019 Category: Medical Devices Authors: Susan Shepard Tags: IVD Source Type: news
GPR35 promotes glycolysis, proliferation, and oncogenic signaling by engaging with the sodium potassium pump
We report that the G protein–coupled receptor GPR35 interacted with the α chain of Na/K-ATPase and promotes its ion transport and Src signaling activity in a ligand-independent manner. Deletion of Gpr35 increased baseline Ca2+ to maximal levels and reduced Src activation and overall metabolic activity in macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). In contrast, a common T108M polymorphism in GPR35 was hypermorphic and had the opposite effects to Gpr35 deletion on Src activation and metabolic activity. The T108M polymorphism is associated with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis, inflamm...
Source: Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment - January 1, 2019 Category: Science Authors: Schneditz, G., Elias, J. E., Pagano, E., Zaeem Cader, M., Saveljeva, S., Long, K., Mukhopadhyay, S., Arasteh, M., Lawley, T. D., Dougan, G., Bassett, A., Karlsen, T. H., Kaser, A., Kaneider, N. C. Tags: STKE Research Articles Source Type: news
Radiation Could Make Mesothelioma Immunotherapy More Effective
Doctors at the Princess Margaret Cancer Center in Toronto are studying the use of hypofractionated radiation to increase the effectiveness of immunotherapy for patients with mesothelioma.
They are expected to launch soon a clinical trial that will add an immunotherapy combination to the high-dose radiation and aggressive surgery mix that has been so successful in Toronto.
“There are a lot of questions that still need to be answered, but if I was a betting man, I’d lay odds on it [working well],” Dr. John Cho of the cancer center’s clinical research unit, told The Mesothelioma Center at Asbestos.com. “It’s all v...
Source: Asbestos and Mesothelioma News - November 2, 2018 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Matt Mauney Source Type: news
Reprogramming normal human epithelial tissues to a common, lethal neuroendocrine cancer lineage
The use of potent therapies inhibiting critical oncogenic pathways active in epithelial cancers has led to multiple resistance mechanisms, including the development of highly aggressive, small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNC). SCNC patients have a dismal prognosis due in part to a limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving this malignancy and the lack of effective treatments. Here, we demonstrate that a common set of defined oncogenic drivers reproducibly reprograms normal human prostate and lung epithelial cells to small cell prostate cancer (SCPC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), respectively. We ide...
Source: ScienceNOW - October 4, 2018 Category: Science Authors: Park, J. W., Lee, J. K., Sheu, K. M., Wang, L., Balanis, N. G., Nguyen, K., Smith, B. A., Cheng, C., Tsai, B. L., Cheng, D., Huang, J., Kurdistani, S. K., Graeber, T. G., Witte, O. N. Tags: Medicine, Diseases reports Source Type: news
CTLA4 targeted therapy plus PD-1 targeted therapy could benefit women with ovarian cancer
(NRG Oncology) An analysis of the NRG Oncology clinical trial NRG-GY003 suggests that adding ipilimumab, a monoclonal antibody that targets the protein receptor CTLA-4, to a regimen with the checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab could improve the proportion with tumor response and progression-free survival hazard rates for women with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer. These results were presented as a late-breaking abstract oral presentation at the 17th Biennial Meeting of the International Gynecological Cancer Society (IGCS) in Kyoto, Japan. (Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer)
Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer - September 19, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: news
Researchers find adult stem cell characteristics in aggressive cancers from different tissues
UCLA researchers have discovered genetic similarities between the adult stem cells responsible for maintaining and repairing epithelial tissues — which line all of the organs and cavities inside the body — and the cells that drive aggressive epithelial cancers. Their findings could bring about a better understanding of how ag gressive, treatment-resistant cancers develop and progress, and could eventually lead to new drugs for a range of advanced epithelial cancers such as lung, prostate and bladder cancers. The study, led by senior authors Owen Witte and Thomas Graeber, both of the UCLA Eli and Edythe Broad Cent...
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - September 18, 2018 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news
Ca2+ concentration-dependent premature death of igfbp5a-/- fish reveals a critical role of IGF signaling in adaptive epithelial growth
The phenotype gap is a challenge for genetically dissecting redundant endocrine signaling pathways, such as the six isoforms in the insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) family. Although overexpressed IGFBPs can inhibit or potentiate IGF actions or have IGF-independent actions, mutant mice lacking IGFBP-encoding genes do not exhibit major phenotypes. We found that although zebrafish deficient in igfbp5a did not show overt phenotypes when raised in Ca2+-rich solutions, they died prematurely in low Ca2+ conditions. A group of epithelial cells expressing igfbp5a take up Ca2+ and proliferate under low Ca2+ conditi...
Source: Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment - September 18, 2018 Category: Science Authors: Liu, C., Xin, Y., Bai, Y., Lewin, G., He, G., Mai, K., Duan, C. Tags: STKE Research Articles Source Type: news
Scientists Are Developing New Ways to Treat Disease With Cells, Not Drugs
When Nichelle Obar learned she was pregnant with her second child last year, she never expected that her pregnancy, or her baby, would make history.
But when the 40-year-old food-and-beverage coordinator from Hawaii and her fiancé Christopher Constantino went to their 18-week ultrasound, they learned something was wrong. The heart was larger than it should have been, and there was evidence that fluid was starting to build up around the organ as well. Both were signs that the fetus was working extra hard to pump blood to its fast-growing body and that its heart was starting to fail.
Obar’s doctor knew what coul...
Source: TIME: Health - September 13, 2018 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Alice Park Tags: Uncategorized Innovation Health medicine Source Type: news
Scientists Are Developing New Ways to Treat Disease With Cells, Not Drugs
When Nichelle Obar learned she was pregnant with her second child last year, she never expected that her pregnancy, or her baby, would make history.
But when the 40-year-old food-and-beverage coordinator from Hawaii and her fiancé Christopher Constantino went to their 18-week ultrasound, they learned something was wrong. The heart was larger than it should have been, and there was evidence that fluid was starting to build up around the organ as well. Both were signs that the fetus was working extra hard to pump blood to its fast-growing body and that its heart was starting to fail.
Obar’s doctor knew what coul...
Source: TIME: Science - September 13, 2018 Category: Science Authors: Alice Park Tags: Uncategorized medicine Source Type: news
3D cell environment key for divvying up chromosomes -- find could explain cancer hallmark
(Howard Hughes Medical Institute) Epithelial cells grown on a plastic dish are worse at segregating their chromosomes than epithelial cells growing in mice, a new study shows. The results may help explain why chromosomes go awry in cancer. (Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer)
Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer - August 23, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: news
