KIF22 coordinates CAR and EGFR dynamics to promote cancer cell proliferation
The coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is a transmembrane receptor that plays a key role in cell-cell adhesion. CAR is found in normal epithelial cells and is increased in abundance in various human tumors, including lung carcinomas. We investigated the potential mechanisms by which CAR contributes to cancer cell growth and found that depletion of CAR in human lung cancer cells reduced anchorage-independent growth, epidermal growth factor (EGF)–dependent proliferation, and tumor growth in vivo. EGF induced the phosphorylation of CAR and its subsequent relocalization to cell junctions through the activation ...
Source: Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment - January 30, 2018 Category: Science Authors: Pike, R., Ortiz-Zapater, E., Lumicisi, B., Santis, G., Parsons, M. Tags: STKE Research Articles Source Type: news
SILAC identifies LAD1 as a filamin-binding regulator of actin dynamics in response to EGF and a marker of aggressive breast tumors
Mutations mimicking growth factor–induced proliferation and motility characterize aggressive subtypes of mammary tumors. To unravel currently unknown players in these processes, we performed phosphoproteomic analysis on untransformed mammary epithelial cells (MCF10A) that were stimulated in culture with epidermal growth factor (EGF). We identified ladinin-1 (LAD1), a largely uncharacterized protein to date, as a phosphorylation-regulated mediator of the EGF-to-ERK pathway. Further experiments revealed that LAD1 mediated the proliferation and migration of mammary cells. LAD1 was transcriptionally induced, phosphorylat...
Source: Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment - January 30, 2018 Category: Science Authors: Roth, L., Srivastava, S., Lindzen, M., Sas-Chen, A., Sheffer, M., Lauriola, M., Enuka, Y., Noronha, A., Mancini, M., Lavi, S., Tarcic, G., Pines, G., Nevo, N., Heyman, O., Ziv, T., Rueda, O. M., Gnocchi, D., Pikarski, E., Admon, A., Caldas, C., Yarden, Y. Tags: STKE Research Articles Source Type: news
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Tied to Better Survival in Advanced Ovarian Cancer Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Tied to Better Survival in Advanced Ovarian Cancer
The adoption of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is associated with reduced mortality in women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer, researchers report.Reuters Health Information (Source: Medscape Medical News Headlines)
Source: Medscape Medical News Headlines - January 10, 2018 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Medscape Today News Source Type: news
Gut microbiome influences efficacy of PD-1-based immunotherapy against epithelial tumors
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis induce sustained clinical responses in a sizable minority of cancer patients. We found that primary resistance to ICIs can be attributed to abnormal gut microbiome composition. Antibiotics inhibited the clinical benefit of ICIs in patients with advanced cancer. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from cancer patients who responded to ICIs into germ-free or antibiotic-treated mice ameliorated the antitumor effects of PD-1 blockade, whereas FMT from nonresponding patients failed to do so. Metagenomics of patient stool samples at diagnosis revealed correlati...
Source: ScienceNOW - January 4, 2018 Category: Science Authors: Routy, B., Le Chatelier, E., Derosa, L., Duong, C. P. M., Alou, M. T., Daillere, R., Fluckiger, A., Messaoudene, M., Rauber, C., Roberti, M. P., Fidelle, M., Flament, C., Poirier-Colame, V., Opolon, P., Klein, C., Iribarren, K., Mondragon, L., Jacquelot, Tags: Immunology, Medicine, Diseases reports Source Type: news
Electron microscope images reveal how cells absorb a vital mineral
(Columbia University Medical Center) Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC) researchers have obtained the first detailed snapshots of the structure of a membrane pore that enables epithelial cells to absorb calcium. The findings could accelerate the development of drugs to correct abnormalities in calcium uptake, which have been linked to cancers of the breast, endometrium, prostate, and colon. (Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer)
Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer - December 20, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: news
Oncogenic PI3K promotes methionine dependency in breast cancer cells through the cystine-glutamate antiporter xCT
The precursor homocysteine is metabolized either through the methionine cycle to produce methionine or through the transsulfuration pathway to synthesize cysteine. Alternatively, cysteine can be obtained through uptake of its oxidized form, cystine. Many cancer cells exhibit methionine dependency such that their proliferation is impaired in growth media in which methionine is replaced by homocysteine. We showed that oncogenic PIK3CA and decreased expression of SLC7A11, a gene that encodes a cystine transporter also known as xCT, correlated with increased methionine dependency in breast cancer cells. Oncogenic PIK3CA was su...
Source: Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment - December 19, 2017 Category: Science Authors: Lien, E. C., Ghisolfi, L., Geck, R. C., Asara, J. M., Toker, A. Tags: STKE Research Articles Source Type: news
Clovis Oncology gets FDA fast-tracked review date for ovarian cancer drug
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has granted a fast-tracked review of using a Clovis Oncology drug to treat a wider range of ovarian cancer patients.
The Boulder-based company (Nasdaq: CLVS) seeks approval to use its ovarian cancer drug, rucaparib, as a maintenance treatment in women “with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are platinum sensitive” and regardless of their genetic profile.
The FDA says it will make a decision by April 6, 2018,… (Source: bizjournals.com Health Care:Pharmaceuticals headlines)
Source: bizjournals.com Health Care:Pharmaceuticals headlines - December 6, 2017 Category: Pharmaceuticals Authors: Greg Avery Source Type: news
Clovis Oncology gets FDA fast-tracked review date for ovarian cancer drug
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has granted a fast-tracked review of using a Clovis Oncology drug to treat a wider range of ovarian cancer patients.
The Boulder-based company (Nasdaq: CLVS) seeks approval to use its ovarian cancer drug, rucaparib, as a maintenance treatment in women “with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are platinum sensitive” and regardless of their genetic profile.
The FDA says it will make a decision by April 6, 2018,… (Source: bizjournals.com Health Care:Biotechnology headlines)
Source: bizjournals.com Health Care:Biotechnology headlines - December 6, 2017 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Greg Avery Source Type: news
Invasive cells in head and neck tumors predict cancer spread
(Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary) Head and neck tumors that contain cells undergoing a partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition -- which transforms them from neatly organized blocks into irregular structures that extrude into the surrounding environment -- are more likely to invade and spread to other parts of the body, according to a new study led by researchers from Mass. Eye and Ear, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard. (Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer)
Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer - November 30, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: news
Gut microbiome influences efficacy of PD-1based immunotherapy against epithelial tumors
This piece of research is behind the headline: Gut bacteria " boost " cancer therapy. This early-stage study gives us some insights into factors that might influence people ' s responses to a specific type of cancer treatment (immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies). The findings are of interest, but don ' t have any immediate implications for cancer treatment. This early-stage study gives us some insights into factors that might influence people ' s responses to a specific type of cancer treatment (immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies).The findings are of interest, but don ' t have any immediate implications for can...
Source: Current Awareness Service for Health (CASH) - November 17, 2017 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news
Computer program finds new uses for old drugs
(Case Western Reserve University) Researchers at the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine have developed a computer program to find new indications for old drugs. The computer program, called DrugPredict, matches existing data about FDA-approved drugs to diseases, and predicts potential drug efficacy. In a recent study published in Oncogene, the researchers successfully translated DrugPredict results into the laboratory, and showed common pain medications--like aspirin--can kill patient-derived epithelial ovarian cancer cells. (Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer)
Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer - November 16, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: news
Cancer treatment response may be affected by gut bacteria
Conclusion
This early-stage study gives us some insights into factors that might influence people's responses to a specific type of cancer treatment (immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies).
The findings are of interest, but don't have any immediate implications for cancer treatment.
We don't know what the conditions that required antibiotic treatment were and whether these could have affected the response to immunotherapy.
We don't know whether the antibiotics themselves influenced how well the immunotherapy worked, or whether it was their effect on gut bacteria.
We also don't know whether having high levels of p...
Source: NHS News Feed - November 3, 2017 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Cancer Source Type: news
Surveillance safe for non-cancerous breast lesion typically treated surgically
(American College of Surgeons) The detection of certain non-cancerous 'high risk' breast lesions can lead to surgical treatment in women, but one of the largest studies of a specific type of high-risk lesion, flat epithelial atypia, calls for close observation, rather than surgical removal of these lesions in most cases, according to study results published on the website of the Journal of the American College of Surgeons in advance of print. (Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer)
Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer - October 31, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: news
Papers of note in Nature 550 (7677)
This week’s articles highlight inflammatory memory in epithelial stem cells; ubiquitin-specific protease inhibitors that target cancer cells; the identification of a sphingosine 1-phosphate exporter; and G protein signaling hotspots on the plasma membrane. (Source: Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment)
Source: Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment - October 31, 2017 Category: Science Authors: VanHook, A. M. Tags: STKE Editors ' Choice Source Type: news
Study finds N-alpha-acetyltransferase D (NatD) promotes lung cancer progression
(Nanjing University School of Life Sciences) Researchers at Nanjing University and their collaborators have found that NatD, which mediates N-alpha-terminal acetylation (Nt-acetylation) of histone H4, promotes lung cancer progression by preventing histone H4 serine phosphorylation to activate the transcription factor Slug, a key regulator of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Their study results are published in the Oct. 13, 2017, issue of the journal Nature Communications. (Source: EurekAlert! - Biology)
Source: EurekAlert! - Biology - October 13, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: news
