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Causal interpretation of the hazard ratio in randomized clinical trials
CONCLUSION: We conclude that the population-level hazard ratio remains a useful estimand, but one must interpret it with appropriate attention to the underlying causal model. This is especially important for interpreting hazard ratios over time.PMID:38679930 | DOI:10.1177/17407745241243308 (Source: Clinical Trials)
Source: Clinical Trials - April 29, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Michael P Fay Fan Li Source Type: research

An mRNA technology transfer programme and economic sustainability in health care
Bull World Health Organ. 2024 May 1;102(5):344-351. doi: 10.2471/BLT.24.291388. Epub 2024 Mar 27.ABSTRACTThe World Health Organization (WHO) set up the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) technology transfer programme in June 2021 with a development hub in South Africa and 15 partner vaccine producers in middle-income countries. The goal was to support the sustainable development of and access to life-saving vaccines for people in these countries as a means to enhance epidemic preparedness and global public health. This initiative aims to build resilience and strengthen local vaccine research, and development and manufacturi...
Source: Bulletin of the World Health Organization - April 29, 2024 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Devika Dutt Mariana Mazzucato Els Torreele Source Type: research

The health economic-industrial complex: production and innovation for universal health access, Brazil
Bull World Health Organ. 2024 May 1;102(5):352-356. doi: 10.2471/BLT.23.290838. Epub 2024 Apr 17.ABSTRACTPROBLEM: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted global disparities in accessing essential health products, demonstrating the critical need for low- and middle-income countries to develop local production and innovation capabilities.APPROACH: The health economic-industrial complex approach changed the values that guided innovation and industrial policies in Brazil. The approach directed health production and innovation to universal access; the health ministry led a whole-of-government approach; ...
Source: Bulletin of the World Health Organization - April 29, 2024 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Carlos Ag Gadelha Gabriela Maretto Marco Ac Nascimento Felipe Kamia Source Type: research

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody positivity 3 years after COVID-19
This study aimed to comprehensively assess anti-nucleocapsid antibody positivity using diverse commercial and in-house immunoassays among individuals who contracted COVID-19 more than 3 years ago. We enrolled 44 participants with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 between January and May 2020 from Seoul National University Hospital and its community treatment centers. The results showed anti-nucleocapsid antibody positivities ranged from 45.5% to 87.9% depending upon the immunoassay used. The study highlights the importance of considering the limited anti-nucleocapsid antibody positivity in participants with a distant COVID-19 ...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - April 29, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Chang Kyung Kang Youngju Kim Hyeon Jae Jo Chan Mi Lee Nam Joong Kim Chang-Han Lee Pyoeng Gyun Choe Wan Beom Park Myoung-Don Oh Source Type: research

A systematic review and meta-analysis of herpes zoster occurrence/recurrence after COVID-19 infection and vaccination
J Med Virol. 2024 May;96(5):e29629. doi: 10.1002/jmv.29629.ABSTRACTTo inform surveillance, prevention, and management strategies for the varicella zoster virus (VZV) during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study aimed to evaluate the risk of herpes zoster (HZ) occurrence/recurrence following COVID-19 infection and vaccination. A comprehensive search across seven databases was conducted up to January 31, 2024, to identify studies relevant to the occurrence of HZ following COVID-19 infection and vaccination. The meta-analysis included five studies on postinfection HZ and 13 studies on postvaccination HZ. Patients infected with CO...
Source: Herpes - April 29, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Fengge Wang Yidan Gao Abram L Wagner Yihan Lu Source Type: research

Autoimmune encephalitis mediated by postvaccination and infection of SARS-CoV-2 in a patient with a narcolepsy type 1
CONCLUSION: The patient fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for autoimmune encephalitis with subacute onset. COVID-19 infection and vaccination could constitute a risk in a patient with narcolepsy as in this case and, could help to provide better understanding of the implication of immune-mediated processes in the pathophysiology of the diseases.PMID:38682764 | DOI:10.33588/rn.7809.2023306 (Source: Revista de Neurologia)
Source: Revista de Neurologia - April 29, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: R Peraita-Adrados N Bravo-Quelle Source Type: research

Evaluation of antibody titers in COVID-19 patients with cerebral or pulmonary symptoms and mild symptoms
CONCLUSION: The findings of this study revealed that the risk of central nervous system involvement increases with age and that older people have lower antibody levels than younger people. Consequently, strengthening the immune systems of people over the age of 78 during this pandemic through vaccination and nutrition is very effective in reducing mortality in this age group.PMID:38682065 | PMC:PMC11055446 | DOI:10.18502/ijm.v16i1.14881 (Source: Iranian Journal of Microbiology)
Source: Iranian Journal of Microbiology - April 29, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Nazanin Joudaki Samireh Ghafouri Kowsar Bavarsad Farbod Farhadi Marzieh Abbasi Nasab Sara Afzalzadeh Hamidreza Moradzadegan Roya Salehi Kahyesh Source Type: research

COVID-19 vaccine coverage, determinants and inequity amongst refugees and migrants in Pakistan: a cross-sectional study
Conclusion This study highlights the COVID-19 vaccine coverage, access and inequity faced by refugees and migrants during the pandemic. It suggests early prioritisation of policies inclusive of all refugees and migrants and the provision of identification documents to ease access to basic necessities. (Source: BMJ Open)
Source: BMJ Open - April 29, 2024 Category: General Medicine Authors: Padhani, Z. A., Rahman, A. R., Lakhani, S., Yasin, R., Khan, M. H., Mirani, M., Jamali, M., Ali Khan, Z., Khatoon, S., Partab, R., ul Haq, A., Kampalath, V., Hosseinalipour, S.-M., Blanchet, K., Das, J. K. Tags: Open access, Public health Source Type: research

Risk factors for severe COVID-19 infection and the impact of COVID-19 infection on disease progression among patients with AAV
AbstractTo identify risk factors for COVID-19 infection and investigate the impact of COVID-19 infection on chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and vasculitis flare in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). This cohort study retrospectively analyzed the prevalence and severity of COVID-19 infection in 276 patients with AAV who were followed up. Logistic regression was employed to estimate the risk of COVID-19 infection as well as CKD progression and vasculitis flare upon COVID-19 infection. During the 6-month observation period, 213 (77.2%) of 276 patients were diagnosed ...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Medicine - April 29, 2024 Category: Research Source Type: research

Disparities in COVID-19 vaccine uptake among rural hard-to-reach population and urban high-risk groups of Bangladesh
ConclusionVaccination coverage among urbanites of high-risk group was found to be critically low. Vaccine hesitancy was also found to be high among individuals of this group. It is essential that the individuals of urban high-risk group be prioritized. Individuals from this group could be provided incentives (transport for disabled, monetary incentive to transgenders; food and medicine for drug user and floating people) and vaccination centers could be established with flexible schedule (morning/afternoon/evening sessions) so that they receive vaccine at their convenient time. Community engagement can be used for both high...
Source: PLoS One - April 29, 2024 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Zerin Jannat Source Type: research

Association between friends ’ hesitancy and personal COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Chinese medical staff
Volume 20, Issue 1, December 2024 . (Source: Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics)
Source: Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics - April 29, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Lili HuangWeiwei HuYanhong JiangWeiwen Honga Department of Emergency, Huangyan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, Chinab Department of General Surgery, Taizhou First People ’s Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, Chinac Department of Outpa Source Type: research

Dynamics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody responses following breakthrough infection and the predicted protective efficacy: a longitudinal community-based population study in China
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has profound implications for global public health. As of March 17, 2023, there have been a staggering 774.9 million confirmed cases and 7.0 million deaths around the world [1]. Following the relaxing of the strict control strategy for COVID-19 in China in December 2022, the number of infections has grown rapidly [2]. Although the World Health Organization declared an end to the pandemic emergency on May 5, 2023 [3], localized endemic remains a possibility in the future due to the waning of vaccine-induced and infection-acquired immunity, and ongoing viral mutations [4]. (So...
Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases - April 29, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Xiaolong Yan, Xin Zhao, Yin Du, Hao Wang, Li Liu, Qi Wang, Jianhua Liu, Sheng Wei Source Type: research