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Total 656 results found since Jan 2013.

Mitochondria as a therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
Abstract Stroke is the leading cause of death and physical disability worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been considered as one of the hallmarks of ischemic stroke and contributes to the pathology of ischemia and reperfusion. Mitochondria is essential in promoting neural survival and neurological improvement following ischemic stroke. Therefore, mitochondria represent an important drug target for stroke treatment. This review discusses the mitochondrial molecular mechanisms underlying cerebral ischemia and involved in reactive oxygen species generation, mitochondrial electron transport dysfunction, mitochond...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - November 4, 2019 Category: Biology Authors: He Z, Ning N, Zhou Q, Khoshnam SE, Farzaneh M Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Dual-modality imaging of endothelial progenitor cells transplanted after ischaemic photothrombotic stroke
Publication date: Available online 2 November 2019Source: Life SciencesAuthor(s): Jie Ding, Yi Zhang, Cong-Xiao Wang, Pei-Cheng Li, Zhen Zhao, Chao Wang, Gao-Jun TengAbstractAimsStroke is a refractory cerebral blood circulation disorder. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) participate in the repair and regeneration of vascular injury through the combination of cell replacement and bystander effects. Here, we evaluated the biological function of EPCs in treating a mouse model of cerebral ischaemic stroke, using dual-mode bioluminescence and magnetic resonance imaging to trace EPCs in vivo.Main methodsWe constructed a viral ...
Source: Life Sciences - November 4, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Impacts of cold and hot temperatures on mortality rate in Isfahan, Iran
Publication date: Available online 2 November 2019Source: Journal of Thermal BiologyAuthor(s): Rozhan Gholampour, Mohammad Darand, Amir Hossein HalabianAbstractExposure to cold and hot temperatures is known to have negative impacts on human health. It is the aim of the present study to assess the health effects of cold and hot temperatures on the population living in the city of Isfahan. Daily data on average temperature and mortalities during the nine-year period 2008–2016 were obtained. Mortalities were stratified by causes (non-accidental, cardiovascular, respiratory, and stroke) and by age groups (0–14 years, 15–...
Source: Journal of Thermal Biology - November 3, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Activation of ALDH2 attenuates high glucose induced rat cardiomyocyte fibrosis and necroptosis.
This study was to observe the effect of ALDH2 on high glucose (HG) induced myocardial fibrosis and necroptosis in primary rat cardiomyocytes model. In contrast to normal glucose group, in HG group, with the decreases of ALDH2 activity, mRNA and protein levels, the cardiomyocytes viability was decreased, reactive oxygen species (ROS), the inflammation factors - tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels, collagen I (col I) and col III mRNA expressions and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase 4 (TIMP4) protein expression were increased, while matrix metalloproteinase 14 ...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - November 1, 2019 Category: Biology Authors: Kang P, Wang J, Fang D, Fang T, Yu Y, Zhang W, Shen L, Li Z, Wang H, Ye H, Gao Q Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

The potential of drug repurposing combined with reperfusion therapy in cerebral ischemic stroke: A supplementary strategy to endovascular thrombectomy
Publication date: Available online 11 October 2019Source: Life SciencesAuthor(s): Jenq-Lin Yang, Yun-Ru Yang, Shang-Der ChenAbstractStroke is the major cause of adult disability and the second or third leading cause of death in developed countries. The treatment options for stroke (thrombolysis or thrombectomy) are restricted to a small subset of patients with acute ischemic stroke because of the limited time for an efficacious response and the strict criteria applied to minimize the risk of cerebral hemorrhage. Attempts to develop new treatments, such as neuroprotectants, for acute ischemic stroke have been costly and tim...
Source: Life Sciences - October 13, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research

β-Caryophyllene protects against ischemic stroke by promoting polarization of microglia toward M2 phenotype via the TLR4 pathway
The objective of the study was to determine whether β-caryophyllene (BCP) exerts a neuroprotective effect in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by inhibiting microglial activation and modulating their polarization via the TLR4 pathway.Main methodsWild-type (WT) and TLR4 knockout (KO) C57BL/6J mice were subjected to cerebral I/R injury and neurologic dysfunction, cerebral infarct volume, brain edema, microglia activation and polarization, and TLR4 expression were determined. In vitro, primary microglia were stimulated with LPS and IFN-γ or IL-4 to induce polarization of microglia toward M1 or M2 phenotypes.Key fin...
Source: Life Sciences - October 13, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Ectopic TWEAKR expression in type I fiber of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats is related to slow muscle-specific hypotrophy
In this study, we aimed to investigate the pathophysiological characteristics of muscle hypotrophy in SHRSP to determine the therapeutic target molecule(s).Main methodsThe difference in skeletal muscles in the lower leg between WKY and SHRSP was evaluated mainly through weight/tibial length, histological, gene expression, and protein expression analyses.Key findingsSHRSP had a significantly lower weight/tibial length in soleus and gastrocnemius, but not in plantaris and tibialis anterior, indicating that muscles consisting of a relatively high amount of slow muscle fiber were affected. This result was confirmed by the hist...
Source: Life Sciences - October 13, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research

A brain-stellate ganglion-atrium network regulates atrial fibrillation vulnerability through macrophages in acute stroke
Publication date: Available online 9 October 2019Source: Life SciencesAuthor(s): Youcheng Wang, Xiaoxing Xiong, Baojun Xie, Jia Liu, Mei Yang, Junkui Yin, Liuliu Zi, Xi Wang, Yanhong Tang, Congxin Huang, Haixia Fu, Qingyan ZhaoAbstractAimsNew-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) is frequently observed following acute stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the brain-stellate ganglion-atrium network on AF vulnerability in a canine model with acute middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).Materials and methodsTwenty-six dogs were randomly divided into the sham-operated group (n = 6), acute stroke (AS) gr...
Source: Life Sciences - October 10, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Predicting gait adaptations due to ankle plantarflexor muscle weakness and contracture using physics-based musculoskeletal simulations
by Carmichael F. Ong, Thomas Geijtenbeek, Jennifer L. Hicks, Scott L. Delp Deficits in the ankle plantarflexor muscles, such as weakness and contracture, occur commonly in conditions such as cerebral palsy, stroke, muscular dystrophy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, and sarcopenia. While these deficits likely contribute to observed gait pathologies, determining cause-effect relationships is difficult due to the often co-occurring biomechanical and neural deficits. To elucidate the effects of weakness and contracture, we systematically introduced isolated deficits into a musculoskeletal model and generated simulations of walk...
Source: PLoS Computational Biology - October 6, 2019 Category: Biology Authors: Carmichael F. Ong Source Type: research

Gene expression profiling of humans under exertional heat stress: Comparisons between persons with and without exertional heat stroke
Publication date: Available online 25 September 2019Source: Journal of Thermal BiologyAuthor(s): Ming Qiang Ren, Josh B. Kazman, Preetha A. Abraham, Danit Atias-Varon, Yuval Heled, Patricia A. DeusterAbstractExertional heat stroke (EHS) is a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality among both athletes and warfighters. Therefore, it is important to find blood biomarkers to predict susceptibility to EHS. We compared gene expression profiling from blood cells between two groups of participants – those with and those without a history EHS – by using genome-wide microarray analysis. Subjects with a history of EH...
Source: Journal of Thermal Biology - September 26, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Embryonic developmental oxygen preconditions cardiovascular function response to acute hypoxic exposure and maximal {beta}-adrenergic stimulation of anesthetized juvenile American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) RESEARCH ARTICLE
Brandt Smith, Janna L. Crossley, Ruth M. Elsey, James W. Hicks, and Dane A. Crossley II The effects of the embryonic environment on juvenile phenotypes are widely recognized. We investigated the effect of embryonic hypoxia on the cardiovascular phenotype of 4-year-old American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis). We hypothesized that embryonic 10% oxygen preconditions cardiac function, decreasing the reduction in cardiac contractility associated with acute 5% oxygen exposure in juvenile alligators. Our findings indicate that dobutamine injections caused a 90% increase in systolic pressure in juveniles that were incubat...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - September 22, 2019 Category: Biology Authors: Smith, B., Crossley, J. L., Elsey, R. M., Hicks, J. W., Crossley, D. A. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reveals high cardiac ejection fractions in red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonarius) SHORT COMMUNICATION
Catherine J. A. Williams, Eva M. Greunz, Steffen Ringgaard, Kasper Hansen, Mads F. Bertelsen, and Tobias Wang The ejection fraction of the trabeculated cardiac ventricle of reptiles has not previously been measured. Here, we used the gold standard clinical methodology – electrocardiogram-gated flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – to validate stroke volume measurements and end diastolic ventricular blood volume. This produced an estimate of ejection fraction in our study species, the red footed tortoise Chelonoidis carbonarius (n=5), under isoflurane anaesthesia of 88±11%. After reduction of the preva...
Source: Journal of Experimental Biology - September 15, 2019 Category: Biology Authors: Williams, C. J. A., Greunz, E. M., Ringgaard, S., Hansen, K., Bertelsen, M. F., Wang, T. Tags: SHORT COMMUNICATION Source Type: research

The Notch pathway in CNS homeostasis and neurodegeneration
This article is categorized under: Nervous System Development> Flies Signaling Pathways> Cell Fate Signaling Nervous System Development> Vertebrates: General Principles
Source: Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental Biology - September 9, 2019 Category: Biology Authors: Diana M. Ho, Spyros Artavanis ‐Tsakonas, Angeliki Louvi Tags: FOCUS ARTICLE Source Type: research

XQ-1H alleviates cerebral ischemia in mice through inhibition of apoptosis and promotion of neurogenesis in a Wnt/β-catenin signaling dependent way
Publication date: Available online 6 September 2019Source: Life SciencesAuthor(s): Dan Xu, Kai Hou, Fengyang Li, Shijie Chen, Weirong Fang, Yunman LiAbstractAims10-O-(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl)-ginkgolide B methanesulfonate (XQ-1H), a new derivative of ginkgolide B, has drawn great attention for its potent bioactivities against ischemia-induced injury. The purpose of this study was to further investigate the effect of XQ-1H against acute ischemic stroke by inducing middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) injuries in mice.Main methodsTreatment of XQ-1H (78 or 39 mg/kg, i.g., bid) 2 h after MCAO improved motor...
Source: Life Sciences - September 7, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research