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Total 6766 results found since Jan 2013.

Challenges of neural interfaces for stroke motor rehabilitation
More than 85% of stroke survivors suffer from different degrees of disability for the rest of their lives. They will require support that can vary from occasional to full time assistance. These conditions are also associated to an enormous economic impact for their families and health care systems. Current rehabilitation treatments have limited efficacy and their long-term effect is controversial. Here we review different challenges related to the design and development of neural interfaces for rehabilitative purposes. We analyze current bibliographic evidence of the effect of neuro-feedback in functional motor rehabilitat...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - September 18, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

CircNCOA4 knockdown attenuates OGD-induced neuron injury through miR-338-5p/PDE4B axis
Exp Brain Res. 2023 Sep 16. doi: 10.1007/s00221-023-06702-w. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCircular RNAs (circRNAs) have been revealed to be involved in the pathology of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Herein, we aimed to study the role and mechanism of circNCOA4 in ischemic stroke. The neuron-like cell line SK-N-SH of the experiment group was cultured in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) condition. Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated by cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry. The oxidative damage and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) were analyzed by measuring the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondia...
Source: Experimental Brain Research - September 16, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Danyang Wang Sai Xiao Xiaoming Li Wenbo Qi Source Type: research

The cell-specific roles of Nrf2 in acute and chronic phases of ischemic stroke
CNS Neurosci Ther. 2023 Sep 16. doi: 10.1111/cns.14462. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIschemic stroke refers to the sudden loss of blood flow in a specific area of the brain. It is the fifth leading cause of mortality and the leading cause of permanent disability. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) controls the production of several antioxidants and protective proteins and it has been investigated as a possible pharmaceutical target for reducing harmful oxidative events in brain ischemia. Each cell type exhibits different roles and behaviors in different phases post-stroke, which is...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - September 16, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Authors: George Fadoul Milos Ikonomovic Feng Zhang Tuo Yang Source Type: research

Brain Pathology in COVID-19: Clinical Manifestations and Potential Mechanisms
AbstractNeurological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are less noticeable than the respiratory symptoms, but they may be associated with disability and mortality in COVID-19. Even though Omicron caused less severe disease than Delta, the incidence of neurological manifestations is similar. More than 30% of patients experienced “brain fog”, delirium, stroke, and cognitive impairment, and over half of these patients presented abnormal neuroimaging outcomes. In this review, we summarize current advances in the clinical findings of neurological manifestations in COVID-19 patients and compare them with ...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - September 16, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Neurophysiological biomarkers of motor improvement from Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy and Robot-Assisted Therapy in participants with stroke
ConclusionOur results suggest that distinct treatments (RT and CIMT) have similar neuroplastic mechanisms of recovery. Moreover, motor improvements in participants with chronic stroke are related to decreases of cortical excitability in the lesioned hemisphere measured with TMS. Furthermore, the balance of both EEG power and EEG alpha peak frequency in the lesioned hemisphere is related to motor improvement.
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - September 15, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Functional effects of haemoglobin can be rescued by haptoglobin in an in vitro model of subarachnoid haemorrhage
Subarachnoid haemorrhage causes significant cognitive and functional disability in survivors, and one contributing factor is exposure of neurons to haemoglobin causing cell loss and dysfunction. In this in vitro subarachnoid haemorrhage model, haemolysate application to cultured neurons impairs cytoskeletal integrity. Furthermore, amplitude of AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic currents is reduced by haemolysate, driven by reduction in GluA1 expression. These deficits can be prevented with application of exogenous haptoglobin without off-target effects. These results provide new insight into neuronal dysfunction in haemorrhag...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - September 14, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Hannah Warming, Katrin Deinhardt, Patrick Garland, John More, Diederik Bulters, Ian Galea, Mariana Vargas ‐Caballero Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Examining cortical tracking of the speech envelope in post-stroke aphasia
ConclusionCTenv of the syllable-level properties was relatively preserved in individuals with less language impairment. In contrast, higher encoding of word- and phrase-level properties was relatively impaired and was predictive of more severe language impairments. CTenv and treatment response to sentence-level rhythm-based interventions need to be further investigated.
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - September 14, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Comprehensive voxel-wise, tract-based, and network lesion mapping reveals unique architectures of right and left visuospatial neglect
Brain Struct Funct. 2023 Sep 11. doi: 10.1007/s00429-023-02702-2. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTVisuospatial neglect is a common, post-stroke cognitive impairment which is widely considered to be a disconnection syndrome. However, the patterns of disconnectivity associated with visuospatial neglect remain unclear. Here, we had 480 acute stroke survivors [age = 72.8 (SD = 13.3), 44.3% female, 7.5 days post-stroke (SD = 11.3)] undertake routine clinical imaging and standardised visuospatial neglect testing. The data were used to conduct voxel-wise, tract-level, and network-level lesion-mapping analyses aimed at localising th...
Source: Brain Structure and Function - September 11, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Margaret Jane Moore Luke Hearne Nele Demeyere Jason B Mattingley Source Type: research

Identification of Novel Circular RNA Targets in Key Penumbra Region of Rats After Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are abundantly and stably expressed in the brain of mammals and humans. Some circRNAs are implicated in ischemic stroke. Therefore, we aimed to detect how circRNAs change in the key penumbra area during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CI/R) injury. Rats were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), during which the permanent blocking period was 2 h and reperfusion time was 24 or 72 h. Then modified neurologic severity score (mNSS), triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and HE staining were used to exhibiting damage between rats in different groups. The penumbr...
Source: Journal of Molecular Neuroscience - September 9, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Ankle-Foot-Orthosis “Hermes” Compensates Pathological Ankle Stiffness of Chronic Stroke—A Proof of Concept
Individuals with an upper motor neuron syndrome, e.g., stroke survivors, may have a pathological increase of passive ankle stiffness due to spasticity, that impairs ankle function and activities such as walking. To improve mobility, walking aids such as ankle-foot orthoses and orthopaedic shoes are prescribed. However, these walking aids generally limit the range of motion (ROM) of the foot and may therewith negatively influence activities that require a larger ROM. Here we present a new ankle-foot orthosis “Hermes”, and its first experimental results from four hemiparetic chronic stroke patients. Hermes was ...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - September 7, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research