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Application of Muse Cell Therapy to Stroke.
Authors: Niizuma K, Borlongan CV, Tominaga T Abstract Stroke is defined as a sudden onset of neurologic deficits arising from cerebrovascular complications. It is the second common cause of death around the world and the major cause of disability. Because brain is an organ with complicated neural networks and neurons are highly differentiated, it has been traditionally considered to possess a limited potential for regeneration. The number of stroke patients is increasing, and stroke represents a serious problem from the viewpoint of the national medical economy. Even with the current sophisticated treatments, more ...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - November 30, 2018 Category: Research Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research

A heparan sulfate-based matrix therapy reduces brain damage and enhances functional recovery following stroke
Conclusion: HSm represent a promising ECM-based therapeutic strategy to protect and repair the brain after a stroke and favor functional recovery.
Source: Theranostics - December 7, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Yacine Khelif, J é r ô me Toutain, Marie-Sophie Quittet, Sandrine Chantepie, Xavier Laffray, Samuel Valable, Didier Divoux, Fernando Sineriz, Emanuelle Pascolo-Rebouillat, Dulce Papy-Garcia, Denis Barritault, Omar Touzani, Myriam Bernaudin Tags: Research Paper Source Type: research

Temporary oral anticoagulation after MitraClip - a strategy to lower the incidence of post-procedural stroke?
CONCLUSIONS: Temporary oral anticoagulation might be a strategy to reduce the incidence of stroke within the first 30 days after the MitraClip procedure. Bleeding events were not significantly altered due to temporary oral anticoagulation. PMID: 30650019 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Acta Cardiologica - January 18, 2019 Category: Cardiology Tags: Acta Cardiol Source Type: research

Local and systemic metabolic alterations in brain, plasma, and liver of rats in response to aging and ischemic stroke, as detected by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
Publication date: Available online 30 January 2019Source: Neurochemistry InternationalAuthor(s): Umadevi V. Wesley, Vijesh J. Bhute, James F. Hatcher, Sean P. Palecek, Robert J. DempseyAbstractMetabolic dysfunction impacts stroke incidence and outcome. However, the intricate association between altered metabolic program due to aging, and focal ischemia in brain, circulation, and peripheral organs is not completely elucidated. Here we identified locally and systemically altered metabolites in brain, liver, and plasma as a result of normal aging, ischemic-stroke, and extended time of reperfusion injury. Comprehensive quantit...
Source: Neurochemistry International - January 30, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Promoting Brain Repair and Regeneration After Stroke: a Plea for Cell-Based Therapies
AbstractPurpose of ReviewAfter decades of hype, cell-based therapies are emerging into the clinical arena for the purposes of promoting recovery after stroke. In this review, we discuss the most recent science behind the role of cell-based therapies in ischemic stroke and the efforts to translate these therapies into human clinical trials.Recent FindingsPreclinical data support numerous beneficial effects of cell-based therapies in both small and large animal models of ischemic stroke. These benefits are driven by multifaceted mechanisms promoting brain repair through immunomodulation, trophic support, circuit reorganizati...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - February 2, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Endothelial Progenitor Cells: potential novel therapeutics for ischaemic stroke
Publication date: Available online 17 April 2019Source: Pharmacological ResearchAuthor(s): Ulvi BayraktutanABSTRACTStroke is classified into two main groups depending on its aetiology; ischaemic stroke and haemorrhagic stroke which successively develop from the occlusion or rupture of an artery leading to the brain. Despite being the leading cause of human cerebral damage, there is currently no medical therapy for haemorrhagic stroke and thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator remains the only approved pharmacotherapy for ischaemic stroke. However, due to its short therapeutic window (first 4.5 h of st...
Source: Pharmacological Research - April 18, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

GSE128623 The spinal transcriptome after cortical stroke – In search of molecular factors regulating spontaneous recovery in the spinal cord
In this study, we provide insights into the molecular changes in the spinal cord tissue after large ischemic cortical injury in adult female mice, with a focus on factors that might influence the re-innervation process by contralesional corticospinal neurons. We mapped the area of cervical grey matter re-innervation by sprouting contralesional corticospinal axons after unilateral photothrombotic stroke of the motor cortex in mice using anterograde tracing. The mRNA profile of this re-innervation area was analyzed using whole-genome sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes at selected time points during the rec...
Source: GEO: Gene Expression Omnibus - April 30, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing Mus musculus Source Type: research

Pharmacological Enhancement of Stroke Recovery
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review aims to discuss the recent literature relating to drugs for stroke recovery and to identify some of the challenges in conducting translational research for stroke recovery.Recent FindingsAdvances in our understanding of neural repair mechanisms in pre-clinical stroke models have provided insights into potential targets for drugs that enhance the repair/recovery process. Few drugs that act on serotonergic and dopaminergic systems have been tested in humans with mixed results. The FOCUS trial, a phase III study of early administration of fluoxetine for stroke recovery, failed to replicate...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - May 29, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Aggregation of human mesenchymal stem cells enhances survival and efficacy in stroke treatment
In this study, we report the effects of short-term preconditioning of hMSCs via three-dimensional (3D) aggregation on stroke lesion recovery after intra-arterial (IA) transplantation of 3D aggregate-derived hMSCs (Agg-D hMSCs) in a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) stroke model. Compared with two-dimensional (2D) monolayer culture, Agg-D hMSCs exhibited increased resistance to ischemic stress, secretory function and therapeutic outcome. Short-term preconditioning via 3D aggregation reconfigured hMSC energy metabolism and altered redox cycle, which activated the PI3K/AKT pathway and enhanced resistance to in...
Source: Cytotherapy - September 17, 2019 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Ginsenoside Rb1 Promotes Motor Functional Recovery and Axonal Regeneration in Post-stroke Mice through cAMP/PKA/CREB Signaling Pathway.
Abstract The central nervous system (CNS) has a poor self-repairing capability after injury because of the inhibition of axonal regeneration by many myelin-associated inhibitory factors. Therefore, ischemic stroke usually leads to disability. Previous studies reported that Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) plays a role in neuronal protection in acute phase after ischemic stroke, but its efficacy in post-stroke and the underlying mechanism are not clear. Recent evidences demonstrated GRb1 promotes neurotransmitter release through the cAMP-depend protein kinase A (PKA) pathway, which is related to axonal regeneration. The pres...
Source: Brain Research Bulletin - November 8, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Gao X, Zhang X, Cui L, Chen R, Zhang C, Xue J, Zhang L, He W, Li J, Wei S, Wei M, Cui H Tags: Brain Res Bull Source Type: research

Stroke after MitraClip: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
CONCLUSIONS: Although with a low number of pooled events, there was a trend for a lower post-procedure stroke in TMVR when compared with SMVR and a similar one between TMVR and OMT alone. PMID: 31829941 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: EuroIntervention - December 13, 2019 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Tags: EuroIntervention Source Type: research

Astragaloside IV Exerts Cognitive Benefits and Promotes Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Stroke Mice by Downregulating Interleukin-17 Expression via Wnt Pathway
ConclusionAs IV stimulates hippocampal neurogenesis after stroke, thus potentially facilitates brain to remodel and repair by downregulating IL-17 expression via Wnt pathway.
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 2, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Growth differentiation factor-11 supplementation improves survival and promotes recovery after ischemic stroke in aged mice.
Abstract Growth differentiation factor (GDF) 11 levels decline with aging. The age-related loss of GDF 11 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of age-related diseases. GDF11 supplementation reversed cardiac hypertrophy, bone loss, and pulmonary dysfunction in old mice, suggesting that GDF11 has a rejuvenating effect. Less is known about the potential of GDF11 to improve recovery after an acute injury, such as stroke, in aged mice. GDF11/8 levels were assessed in young and aged male mice and in postmortem human brain samples. Aged mice were subjected to a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (...
Source: Aging - May 3, 2020 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Hudobenko J, Ganesh BP, Jiang J, Mohan EC, Lee S, Sheth S, Morales D, Zhu L, Kofler JK, Pautler RG, McCullough LD, Chauhan A Tags: Aging (Albany NY) Source Type: research

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Its Potential Therapeutic Role in Stroke Comorbidities.
Abstract With the rise in the aging global population, stroke comorbidities have become a serious health threat and a tremendous economic burden on human society. Current therapeutic strategies mainly focus on protecting neurons from cytotoxic damage at the acute phase upon stroke onset, which not only is a difficult way to ameliorate stroke symptoms but also presents a challenge for the patients to receive effective treatment in time. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most abundant neurotrophin in the adult brain, which possesses a remarkable capability to repair brain damage. Recent promising p...
Source: Neural Plasticity - May 14, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Liu W, Wang X, O'Connor M, Wang G, Han F Tags: Neural Plast Source Type: research

The Need to Look for Visual Deficit After Stroke in Children
Conclusion: The variable etiology and presentation of pediatric stroke may mask specific visual signs. Children with arterial stroke should be referred for early ophthalmological evaluation and visual rehabilitation.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - July 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research