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Old benefit as much as young patients with stroke from high-intensity neurorehabilitation: cohort analysis
Conclusions Old and even very old patients with stroke benefit from specialised inpatient neurorehabilitation and high amounts of therapy in the same degree as younger patients. Contrary to current clinical practice, old age should not be a criterion against admission to a neurorehabilitation unit following acute stroke treatment.
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - April 13, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Knecht, S., Rossmüller, J., Unrath, M., Stephan, K.-M., Berger, K., Studer, B. Tags: Open access, Stroke Cerebrovascular disease Source Type: research

Cerebral Organoids Repair Ischemic Stroke Brain Injury
AbstractStroke is the second leading cause of death and main cause of disability worldwide, but with few effective therapies. Although stem cell-based therapy has been proposed as an exciting regenerative medicine strategy for brain injury, there are limitations. The developed cerebral organoids (COs) represent a promising transplantation source for stroke that remains to be answered. Here, we transplanted COs at 55  days and explored the feasibility in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of stroke. COs transplantation at 6 h or even 24 h after MCAO significantly reduces brain infarct volume and improv...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - December 29, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Localization and Expression of Sirtuins 1, 2, 6 and Plasticity-Related Proteins in the Recovery Period after a Photothrombotic Stroke in Mice
Sirtuins, class III histone deacetylases, are involved in the regulation of tissue repair processes and brain functions after a stroke. The ability of some isoforms of sirtuins to circulate between the nucleus and cytoplasm may have various pathophysiological effects on the cells. In present work, we focused on the role of non-mitochondrial sirtuins SIRT1, SIRT2, and SIRT6 in the restoration of brain cells following ischemic stroke. Here, using a photothrombotic stroke (PTS) model in mice, we studied whether local stroke affects the level and intracellular localization of SIRT1, SIRT2, and SIRT6 in neurons and astrocytes o...
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - August 11, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Svetlana Demyanenko, Elena Gantsgorn, Stanislav Rodkin, Svetlana Sharifulina Source Type: research

Hyperglycemia and PPAR{gamma} Antagonistically Influence Macrophage Polarization and Infarct Healing After Ischemic Stroke Basic Sciences
Conclusions— Hyperglycemia and macrophage-specific PPAR activation exert opposing effects on MO/MP polarization in ischemic stroke lesions and, thereby, critically determine the risk of hemorrhagic infarct transformation.
Source: Stroke - September 28, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Gliem, M., Klotz, L., van Rooijen, N., Hartung, H.-P., Jander, S. Tags: Animal models of human disease, Coumarins, Other diabetes, Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage, Acute Cerebral Infarction, Anticoagulants Basic Sciences Source Type: research

Interleukin-4 Is Essential for Microglia/Macrophage M2 Polarization and Long-Term Recovery After Cerebral Ischemia Basic Sciences
Conclusions— The cytokine IL-4 improves long-term neurological outcomes after stroke, perhaps through M2 phenotype induction in microglia/macrophages. These results are the first to suggest that immunomodulation with IL-4 is a promising approach to promote long-term functional recovery after stroke.
Source: Stroke - January 25, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Liu, X., Liu, J., Zhao, S., Zhang, H., Cai, W., Cai, M., Ji, X., Leak, R. K., Gao, Y., Chen, J., Hu, X. Tags: Animal Models of Human Disease, Treatment, Ischemic Stroke Basic Sciences Source Type: research

Novel Regenerative Therapies Based on Regionally Induced Multipotent Stem Cells in Post-Stroke Brains: Their Origin, Characterization, and Perspective
AbstractBrain injuries such as ischemic stroke cause severe neural loss. Until recently, it was believed that post-ischemic areas mainly contain necrotic tissue and inflammatory cells. However, using a mouse model of cerebral infarction, we demonstrated that stem cells develop within ischemic areas. Ischemia-induced stem cells can function as neural progenitors; thus, we initially named them injury/ischemia-induced neural stem/progenitor cells (iNSPCs). However, because they differentiate into more than neural lineages, we now refer to them as ischemia-induced multipotent stem cells (iSCs). Very recently, we showed that pu...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - July 25, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Human Milk Oligosaccharide 2 ′-Fucosyllactose Reduces Neurodegeneration in Stroke Brain
In conclusion, our data suggest that 2’-FL has neuroprotective action through inhibition of Ca++i, inflammation, and apoptosis. Posttreatment with 2 ’-FL facilitates neural repair in stroke brain.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

YouTube as a Source of Information for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Stroke: A Quality, Reliability and Accuracy Analysis
Stroke is one of the major causes of death and disability among adults and affects more than 795000 people each year in the United States.1,2 Globally, 6.5 million stroke deaths occurred in 2013 and stroke was the 2nd most common cause of mortality worldwide.2,3 Usually, after a stroke, the damaged brain region and surrounding healthy cells try to repair the disrupted neural networks and to regulate the disrupted functions by creating new networks. However, the complete recovery of motor functions takes place in only 20% of patients, depending on the location of the damaged area, its size, and the general health of the patient.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - September 21, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Ayhan Askin, lker Sengul, Aliye Tosun Source Type: research

Reparative System Arising from CCR2(+) Monocyte Conversion Attenuates Neuroinflammation Following Ischemic Stroke
In this study of transgenic mice with functional CX3CR1GFP/+ or CX3CR1GFP/+-CCR2RFP/+, we found that CCR2highCX3CR1low monocytes recruited to the injured brain were cytokine-dependently converted into CCR2lowCX3CR1high macrophages, especially under the influence of IL-4 and IL-13, thereby attenuating the neuroinflammation following sterile ischemic stroke. The overall data suggest that (1) the regulation of monocyte-switching is one of the ultimate reparative strategies in ischemic stroke, and (2) the adaptation of monocytes in a locally inflamed milieu is vital to alleviating the effects of ischemic stroke through innate immunity.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 6, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Acetylation of p53 in the Cerebral Cortex after Photothrombotic Stroke
Abstractp53 expression and acetylation are crucial for the survival and death of neurons in penumbra. At the same time, the outcome of ischemia for penumbra cells depends largely on the histone acetylation status, but the effect of histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases on non-histone proteins like p53 is largely understudied. With combined in silico and in vitro approach, we have identified enzymes capable of acetylation/deacetylation, distribution, stability, and pro-apoptotic activity of p53 in ischemic penumbra in the course of post-stroke recovery, and also detected involved loci of acetylation in p53. The dynami...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - August 15, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Scientists identify main component of brain repair after stroke
Looking at brain tissue from mice, monkeys and humans, scientists have found that a molecule known as growth and differentiation factor 10 (GDF10) is a key player in repair mechanisms following stroke. The findings suggest that GDF10 may be a potential therapy for recovery after stroke. The study, published in Nature Neuroscience, was supported by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), part of the National Institutes of Health.
Source: NINDS Press Releases and News: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke - October 28, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: news

Effects of Unilateral Upper Limb Training in Two Distinct Prognostic Groups Early After Stroke: The EXPLICIT-Stroke Randomized Clinical Trial
Conclusions. Three weeks of early mCIMT is superior to usual care in terms of regaining upper limb capacity in patients with a favorable prognosis; 3 weeks of EMG-NMS in patients with an unfavorable prognosis is not beneficial. Despite meaningful improvements in upper limb capacity, no evidence was found that the time-dependent neurological improvements early poststroke are significantly influenced by either mCIMT or EMG-NMS.
Source: Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair - September 11, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Kwakkel, G., Winters, C., van Wegen, E. E. H., Nijland, R. H. M., van Kuijk, A. A. A., Visser-Meily, A., de Groot, J., de Vlugt, E., Arendzen, J. H., Geurts, A. C. H., Meskers, C. G. M., on behalf of the EXPLICIT-Stroke Consortium Tags: Clinical Research Articles Source Type: research

Pericytes in Brain Injury and Repair After Ischemic Stroke
AbstractPericytes are functional components of the neurovascular unit (NVU). They provide support to other NVU components and maintain normal physiological functions of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The brain ischemia and reperfusion result in pathological alterations in pericytes. The intimate anatomical and functional interactions between pericytes and other NVU components play pivotal roles in the progression of stroke pathology. In this review, we depict the biology and functions of pericytes in the normal brain and discuss their effects in brain injury and repair after ischemia/reperfusion. Since ischemic stroke occu...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - November 11, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Brain Maturation as a Fundamental Factor in Immune-Neurovascular Interactions in Stroke
AbstractInjuries in the developing brain cause significant long-term neurological deficits. Emerging clinical and preclinical data have demonstrated that the pathophysiology of neonatal and childhood stroke share similar mechanisms that regulate brain damage, but also have distinct molecular signatures and cellular pathways. The focus of this review is on two different diseases —neonatal and childhood stroke—with emphasis on similarities and distinctions identified thus far in rodent models of these diseases. This includes the susceptibility of distinct cell types to brain injury with particular emphasis on the role of...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 27, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Multimodal examination of structural and functional remapping in the mouse photothrombotic stroke model
& S Thomas Carmichael
Source: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow - February 6, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Andrew N ClarksonHéctor E López-ValdésJustine J OvermanAndrew C CharlesK C BrennanS Thomas Carmichael Tags: behavior optical imaging sprouting stroke recovery stroke repair Source Type: research