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Condition: Epilepsy
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Total 18 results found since Jan 2013.

Neurological Involvement in Primary Systemic Vasculitis
Conclusion Neurological involvement is a common complication of PSV (Table 1), and neurologists play an important role in the identification and diagnosis of PSV patients with otherwise unexplained neurological symptoms as their chief complaint. This article summarizes the neurological manifestations of PSV and hopes to improve neuroscientists' understanding of this broad range of diseases. TABLE 1 Table 1. Common CNS and PNS involvements of primary systemic vasculitis. Author Contributions SZ conceived the article and wrote the manuscript. DY and GT reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 25, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

A Case of Transient Global Amnesia: A Review and How It May Shed Further Insight into the Neurobiology of Delusions
Conclusion In closing, our patient’s episode of TGA combined with her emotional and perceptual response lends credence to the proposal of a “fear/paranoia” circuit in the genesis of paranoid delusions—a circuit incorporating amygdala, frontal, and parietal cortices. Here, neutral or irrelevant stimuli, thoughts, and percepts come to engender fear and anxiety, while dysfunction in frontoparietal circuitry engenders inappropriate social predictions and maladaptive inferences about the intentions of others.[54] Hippocampus relays information about contextual information based on past experiences and the current situat...
Source: Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience - April 1, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: ICN Online Editor Tags: Anxiety Disorders Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Case Report Cognition Current Issue Dementia Medical Issues Neurologic Systems and Symptoms Psychiatry Schizophrenia delusions hippocampus neurobiology Transient global amnesia Source Type: research

Refractory status epilepticus due to SMART syndrome
Conclusions Taking into account clinical evolution and ictal neuroimaging studies, status epilepticus could explain the origin of these episodes in SMART syndrome. Although most patients have reversible symptoms, in some cases, aggressive treatment to avoid sequelae is needed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled “Status Epilepticus”.
Source: Epilepsy and Behavior - June 12, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Refractory status epilepticus due to SMART syndrome.
CONCLUSIONS: Taking into account clinical evolution and ictal neuroimaging studies, status epilepticus could explain the origin of these episodes in SMART syndrome. Although most patients have reversible symptoms, in some cases, aggressive treatment to avoid sequelae is needed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Status Epilepticus". PMID: 26071996 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Epilepsy and Behaviour - June 11, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Jaraba S, Puig O, Miró J, Velasco R, Castañer S, Rodríguez L, Izquierdo C, Simó M, Veciana M, Falip M Tags: Epilepsy Behav Source Type: research

Pathological Laughing: Brain SPECT Findings
We present the case of a 40-year-old man consulting for uncontrollable episodes of laughing related to emotional lability and not systematically linked to feelings of happiness. Seven months earlier he had presented a pontine ischemic stroke related to an occlusion of the basilar and left vertebral arteries. No epileptic activity or new MRI brain lesions were found. Brain perfusion SPECT performed showed marked hypoperfusion in the right frontal inferior and temporoinsular regions, suggesting a diaschisis phenomenon caused by pontine lesions and highlighted laughing regulation pathways. The patient was successfully treated...
Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine - August 11, 2015 Category: Nuclear Medicine Tags: Interesting Images Source Type: research

Development of obsessive compulsive disorder (ocd) secondary to traumatic brain injury-review of literature and comparison with sample of patients from lishman unit, maudsley hospital
Conclusion The main focus of organic OCD seems to be from disruption to the OFC and basal ganglia but other areas have been implicated as has been reflected in the literature as well as the patients on the Lishman brain injury unit, Maudsley Hospital.
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - August 13, 2015 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Guillochon, R., Dilley, M. Tags: Genetics, Drugs: CNS (not psychiatric), Epilepsy and seizures, Movement disorders (other than Parkinsons), Neurological injury, Parkinson's disease, Stroke, Trauma CNS / PNS, Anxiety disorders (including OCD and PTSD), Radiology, Radiology (diagnostics), Source Type: research

Abnormal neurovascular coupling during status epilepticus migrainosus in Sturge-Weber syndrome
Sturge-Weber syndrome is a rare, sporadic, neurocutaneous disorder classically characterized by a facial nevus in the trigeminal distribution (port wine stain), leptomeningeal angiomatosis, and glaucoma, although intracranial changes can be present without cutaneous involvement.1 Seizures occur in up to 75% of individuals, are often associated with headache, and stroke-like episodes causing prolonged neurologic deficits are also described.1,2
Source: Neurology - January 8, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Sethi, M., Kowalczyk, M. A., Dalic, L. J., Archer, J. S., Jackson, G. D. Tags: Migraine, Status epilepticus, Functional neuroimaging, PET in epilepsy, SPECT in epilepsy CLINICAL/SCIENTIFIC NOTES Source Type: research

Neurologic attack and dynamic perfusion abnormality in neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease
Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by eosinophilic hyaline intranuclear inclusions in cells in the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous system and visceral organs. Although clinical diagnosis was difficult until recently, an increasing number of adult cases of leukoencephalopathy have been diagnosed antemortem with NIID based on the characteristic hyperintensity in the corticomedullary junction on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and confirmatory skin biopsy.1 While adult-onset NIID is characterized by slowly progressive dementia, it may also present with acute...
Source: Neurology Clinical Practice - December 11, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Fujita, K., Osaki, Y., Miyamoto, R., Shimatani, Y., Abe, T., Sumikura, H., Murayama, S., Izumi, Y., Kaji, R. Tags: MRI, SPECT, DWI, All Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Case Source Type: research

Crossed cerebellar diaschisis in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease evaluated through single photon emission computed tomography
Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) is the most common form of human prion disease; it is characterized as a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy. Previously, only two case reports have discussed crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) and sCJD. Herein, we detected CCD in five patients with sCJD and four patients with genetic CJD through SPECT. The combined data of the nine patients further supported CCD when analyzed by 3D-SSP. CCD can occur in several disorders, including, stroke, epilepsy, and encephalitis.
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - September 24, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Kenya Nishioka, Michimasa Suzuki, Katsuya Satoh, Nobutaka Hattori Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Hypothesis: Presymptomatic treatment of Sturge-Weber Syndrome With Aspirin and Antiepileptic Drugs May Delay Seizure Onset
Sturge-Weber Syndrome (SWS) is a neurocutaneous disorder caused by a somatic mosaic mutation in GNAQ.1 SWS brain involvement causes seizures, stroke-like episodes and/or neurological deficits such as hemiparesis and intellectual disability. Seventy-five percent of infants with SWS will develop seizures within the first year of life.2 Those with more severe epilepsy experience greater cognitive deficits and intellectual disability.3 There is ictal single-photon emission computed tomography evidence that, in SWS, the seizures themselves may contribute to the brain injury due to an abnormal hemodynamic response.
Source: Pediatric Neurology - November 24, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Alyssa M. Day, Adrienne M. Hammill, Csaba Juh ász, Anna L. Pinto, E. Steve Roach, Charles E. McCulloch, Anne M. Comi, National Institutes of Health Sponsor: Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network (RDCRN) Brain and Vascular Malformation Consortium (BVMC) Tags: Perspectives in Pediatric Neurology Source Type: research

Moyamoya disease with epileptic nystagmus: A case report
We report a case of moyamoya disease with epileptic nystagmus. A 23-year-old woman presented with a headache and transient hemiparesis on her left side. Magnetic resonance imaging showed no ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke lesions. Digital subtraction angiography confirmed stenosis of the terminal portion of the right internal carotid artery and the formation of moyamoya vessels on the right side. 123I-N-isopropyl-iodoamphetamine (123I-IMP) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) showed decreased uptake in the right basal ganglia, frontal, and parietal regions. After electroencephalography (EEG) and a hyperventila...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neuroscience - August 20, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Optimized sampling for high resolution multi-pinhole brain SPECT with stationary detectors.
Abstract Brain perfusion SPECT can be used in the diagnosis of various neurologic or psychiatric disorders, e.g. stroke, epilepsy, dementia and posttraumatic stress disorder. As traditional SPECT provides limited resolution and sensitivity, we recently proposed a high resolution focusing multi-pinhole clinical SPECT scanner dubbed G-SPECT-I (Beekman et al 2015). G-SPECT-I achieves data completeness in the scan region of interest by making small translations of the patient bed while using projections from all bed positions together for image reconstruction. A strategy to restrict the number of bed translations is d...
Source: Physics in Medicine and Biology - November 25, 2019 Category: Physics Authors: Chen Y, Goorden MC, Vastenhouw B, Beekman FJ Tags: Phys Med Biol Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 25, Pages 4749: A Review of Molecular Imaging of Glutamate Receptors
umming Molecular imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is a well-established and important in vivo technique to evaluate fundamental biological processes and unravel the role of neurotransmitter receptors in various neuropsychiatric disorders. Specific ligands are available for PET/SPECT studies of dopamine, serotonin, and opiate receptors, but corresponding development of radiotracers for receptors of glutamate, the main excitatory neurotransmitter in mammalian brain, has lagged behind. This state of affairs has persisted despite the central importance o...
Source: Molecules - October 16, 2020 Category: Chemistry Authors: Jong-Hoon Kim J ános Marton Simon Mensah Ametamey Paul Cumming Tags: Review Source Type: research

Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus With Neuropsychological Symptoms: Two Case Reports
We report two such cases. Case 1, a 62-year-old man with a history of a subcortical hemorrhage in the right lateral temporal lobe and a brain infarct in the left medial temporo-occipital lobes, suddenly developed left unilateral spatial neglect and visual object agnosia. Diffusion-weighted imaging indicated status epilepticus, not stroke. His deficits resolved immediately after treatment with diazepam and phenytoin sodium. Case 2, a 61-year-old man with a history of brain infarcts in the right lateral temporal and left medial temporo-occipital lobes, suddenly developed global aphasia and cortical deafness. An MRI revealed ...
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - December 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research

IJERPH, Vol. 18, Pages 10633: Socio-Economic Disparities in Access to Diagnostic Neuroimaging Services in the United Kingdom: A Systematic Review
This study includes the analysis of diagnostic imaging used for dementia, minor head injury, stroke, cancer, epilepsy, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and Parkinson’s disease. With this study, we aim to assess the health inequalities at disease diagnosis. Methods: Using Medline (via Ovid), PubMed and Web of Science databases as sources of information, we critically appraise existing studies on neuroimaging use in the U.K. health care system, published between January 2010 and February 2021. Findings: A total of 18 studies were included in this research, revealing that there was an increase in patients o...
Source: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health - October 11, 2021 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Aleesha Karia Reza Zamani Mohammad Akrami Tags: Systematic Review Source Type: research