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Total 145 results found since Jan 2013.

Probiotics improve gut microbiota dysbiosis in obese mice fed a high-fat or high-sucrose diet
The prevalence of obesity has been dramatically increasing globally over decades [1]. Obesity is caused by a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors, and is also suggested to be the result of a long-term imbalance between energy intake and expenditure [2]. Calorie-rich foods that are high in fat or carbohydrates combining with sedentary lifestyles are the most common factors underlying the global obesity epidemic [3]. High-fat diets (HFD) increase adipose tissue and induce metabolic and cardiovascular disorders (such as atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, stroke, and hypertension [4, 5]), especially in those...
Source: Nutrition - October 10, 2018 Category: Nutrition Authors: Cheng Kong, Renyuan Gao, Xuebing Yan, Linsheng Huang, Huanlong Qin Source Type: research

Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with cardiovascular disease and subclinical atherosclerosis.
Authors: Sao R, Aronow WS Abstract Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to fatty infiltration of liver in the absence of significant alcohol intake, use of steatogenic medication, or hereditary disorders. It is a common cause of chronic liver disease with a worldwide estimated prevalence ranging from 6.3% to 33%. The NAFLD is considered a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance and increased oxidative stress are central to pathogenesis of NAFLD, and risk factors include metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, obesity, lack of physical activity, smoking, and high fat diet. NAFL...
Source: Archives of Medical Science - November 6, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Arch Med Sci Source Type: research

Adenosine and adenosine-5 ′-monophosphate ingestion ameliorates abnormal glucose metabolism in mice fed a high-fat diet
We have previously reported that ingestion of adenosine (ADN) and adenosine-5 ′-monophosphate (AMP) improves abnormal glucose metabolism in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat model of non-obesity-a...
Source: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine - November 14, 2018 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: Ardiansyah, Yuto Inagawa, Takuya Koseki, Afifah Zahra Agista, Ikuo Ikeda, Tomoko Goto, Michio Komai and Hitoshi Shirakawa Tags: Research article Source Type: research

Photoacoustic microscopy of obesity-induced cerebrovascular alterations
Publication date: Available online 13 December 2018Source: NeuroImageAuthor(s): Rui Cao, Jun Li, Chenchu Zhang, Zhiyi Zuo, Song HuAbstractCerebral small vessel disease has been linked to cognitive, psychiatric and physical disabilities, especially in the elderly. However, the underlying pathophysiology remains incompletely understood, largely due to the limited accessibility of these small vessels in the live brain. Here, we report an intravital imaging and analysis platform for high-resolution, quantitative and comprehensive characterization of pathological alterations in the mouse cerebral microvasculature. By exploiting...
Source: NeuroImage - December 15, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

ADAMTS5 deficiency in mice does not affect cardiac function.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 30958594 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cell Biology International - April 7, 2019 Category: Cytology Authors: Hemmeryckx B, Carai P, Lijnen H Tags: Cell Biol Int Source Type: research

6-Bromoindirubin-3 ′-Oxime (6BIO) Suppresses the mTOR Pathway, Promotes Autophagy, and Exerts Anti-aging Effects in Rodent Liver
In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-aging effect, and molecular mechanism, of the novel anti-aging drug 6BIO on naturally aged mouse liver. Rapamycin, a well-known promising anti-aging drug that delays aging through mTOR-dependent autophagy (Zhou and Ye, 2018), was used as the positive control in the study. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the effects of 6BIO treatment in models of natural aging. Our results indicated that 6BIO ameliorates the decline of liver function with age, including lipid metabolism disorder, and attenuates hepatocyte senescence in aged mice, as revealed by altera...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 9, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Nrf2 as a Potential Mediator of Cardiovascular Risk in Metabolic Diseases
Conclusion Activation of the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant system plays an important role in cell defense against oxidative stress damage, whereas the insufficiency of the Nrf2 system is associated with multiple aspects of the genesis and progression of metabolic diseases, posing a great risk to the cardiovascular system (Figure 1). The systemic increase of Nrf2 activity by several activators may be beneficial in the treatment of metabolic diseases. In addition, selective upregulation of Nrf2 genes may represent a potential therapy in obesity, diabetes and atherosclerosis. Looking to the future, experimental research that el...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 11, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

The Discovery and Development of Liraglutide and Semaglutide
We describe one such approach, albumin binding, and explain how it was applied in the development of the human GLP-1 analog liraglutide once daily and, subsequently, semaglutide once weekly. The pharmacology of these two long-acting GLP-1 analogs, in terms of improving glycemic control, reducing body weight and decreasing cardiovascular (CV) risk, is also reviewed, together with some novel biology. In addition, we describe the importance of accurate target (GLP-1 receptor) tissue expression analysis. Now an established class of agents, GLP-1-based therapies represent a significant advance in the treatment of T2D. All curr...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - April 11, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Increasing Upstream Chromatin Long –Range Interactions May Favor Induction of Circular RNAs in LysoPC-Activated Human Aortic Endothelial Cells
We examined the sponging potential of all significantly changed circRNAs using the CircInteractome database (Montefiori et al., 2018), recording two miRNAs with four or more predicted binding sites in a single circRNA transcript, a threshold above which meaningful sponging activity is likely to occur Memczak et al. (2013). Another four significantly changed circRNAs are experimentally shown to sponge miRNAs (Dudekula et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2017; Yan et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2018), for six total circRNAs with miRNA sponging activity including miR125, miR143, miR1272, miR153, miR515-5p, and miR196a-5p (Table 4). In Fig...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 17, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Atrial Transcriptional Profiles of Molecular Targets Mediating Electrophysiological Function in Aging and Pgc-1 β Deficient Murine Hearts
Conclusion: These findings limit the possible roles of gene transcriptional changes in previously reported age-dependent pro-arrhythmic electrophysiologial changes observed in Pgc-1β-/- atria to an altered Ca2+-ATPase (Atp2a2) expression. This directly parallels previously reported arrhythmic mechanism associated with p21-activated kinase type 1 deficiency. This could add to contributions from the direct physiological outcomes of mitochondrial dysfunction, whether through reactive oxygen species (ROS) production or altered Ca2+ homeostasis. Introduction Atrial arrhythmias constitute a major public health pro...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 23, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Challenge to the Intestinal Mucosa During Sepsis
Conclusion The impact of sepsis on the gut is manifold, e.g., sepsis mediated alteration of the gut-blood barrier and increase in the intestinal permeability, which may correlate with the phenomena of bacterial translocation and lymphatic activation (“toxic-lymph”). Systemic consequences of sepsis are widespread and concern to the coagulative system, the microbiome as well as enzymes, such as pancreatic proteases, MMPs and IAPs. Nevertheless, the therapeutic approaches for modulating the mucosal immune system are still rarely effective in daily routine. Recent published studies showing that treatment with ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 29, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Mild hypothermia alleviates diabetes aggravated cerebral ischemic injury via activating autophagy and inhibiting pyroptosis.
In conclusion, mild hypothermia alleviated diabetes aggravated cerebral ischemic injury via activating autophagy and inhibiting pyroptosis. PMID: 31082455 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Brain Research Bulletin - May 9, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Tu Y, Guo C, Song F, Huo Y, Geng Y, Guo M, Bao H, Wu X, Fan W Tags: Brain Res Bull Source Type: research

Genetics of hyperhomocysteinemia and 1-carbon metabolism: implications for retinal structure and eye functions.
Abstract Homocysteine (Hcy); a sulfur-containing non-proteinogenic amino acid is generated as a metabolic intermediate. Hcy constitutes an important part of the "1-carbon metabolism" during methionine turnover. Elevated levels of Hcy known as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) results from vitamin B deficiency, lack of exercise, smoking, excessive alcohol intake, high fat and methionine rich diet, and the underlying genetic defects. These factors directly affect the "1-carbon metabolism (methionine-Hcy-folate)" of a given cell. In fact, the Hcy levels are determined primarily by dietary intake, vitamin status, and the ge...
Source: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology - July 31, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: George AK, Majumder A, Ice H, Homme RP, Eyob W, Tyagi SC, Singh M Tags: Can J Physiol Pharmacol Source Type: research

Top 10 Health Questions America Asked Dr. Google In 2019
(CNN) — Google users in the United States had a lot of questions about blood pressure, the keto diet and hiccups in 2019. Those topics were among the 10 most-searched health-related questions on the search engine this year, according to new data from Google. The list was based on search terms collected between January and early December. Last year, the top health-related questions Googled by people in the US included what is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or ALS, what is endometriosis and how long does weed stay in your urine. In 2017, what is lupus, how long does the flu last and what causes hiccups were some of the...
Source: WBZ-TV - Breaking News, Weather and Sports for Boston, Worcester and New Hampshire - December 12, 2019 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Health – CBS Boston Tags: Health News CNN Google Source Type: news

Cardiac hypertrophy with obesity is augmented after pregnancy in C57BL/6 mice
ConclusionsThese results suggest that the combined effects of pregnancy and obesity augment cardiac hypertrophy and promote remodeling. The rising prevalence of CVD in premenopausal women may be attributed to an increased prevalence of women entering pregnancy with an overweight or obese BMI.
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - December 15, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research