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Platelets induce apoptosis via membrane-bound FasL
After tissue injury, both wound sealing and apoptosis contribute to restoration of tissue integrity and functionality. Although the role of platelets (PLTs) for wound closure and induction of regenerative processes is well established, the knowledge about their contribution to apoptosis is incomplete. Here, we show that PLTs present the death receptor Fas ligand (FasL) on their surface after activation. Activated PLTs as well as the isolated membrane fraction of activated PLTs but not of resting PLTs induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in primary murine neuronal cells, human neuroblastoma cells, and mouse embryoni...
Source: Blood - September 17, 2015 Category: Hematology Authors: Schleicher, R. I., Reichenbach, F., Kraft, P., Kumar, A., Lescan, M., Todt, F., Gobel, K., Hilgendorf, I., Geisler, T., Bauer, A., Olbrich, M., Schaller, M., Wesselborg, S., O'Reilly, L., Meuth, S. G., Schulze-Osthoff, K., Gawaz, M., Li, X., Kleinschnitz, Tags: Platelets and Thrombopoiesis, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Source Type: research

PKA Inhibitor H89 (N-2-p-bromocinnamylamino-ethyl-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide) Attenuates Synaptic Dysfunction and Neuronal Cell Death following Ischemic Injury.
Abstract The cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), which activates prosurvival signaling proteins, has been implicated in the expression of long-term potentiation and hippocampal long-term memory. It has come to light that H89 commonly known as the PKA inhibitor have diverse roles in the nervous system that are unrelated to its role as a PKA inhibitor. We have investigated the role of H89 in ischemic and reperfusion injury. First, we examined the expression of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), and synaptophysin in mouse brain after middle cerebral artery occlusi...
Source: Neural Plasticity - October 11, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Song J, Cheon SY, Lee WT, Park KA, Lee JE Tags: Neural Plast Source Type: research

Neuron-Specific Enolase as a Biomarker: Biochemical and Clinical Aspects.
Authors: Isgrò MA, Bottoni P, Scatena R Abstract Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is known to be a cell specific isoenzyme of the glycolytic enzyme enolase. In vertebrate organisms three isozymes of enolase, expressed by different genes, are present: enolase α is ubiquitous; enolase β is muscle-specific and enolase γ is neuron-specific. The expression of NSE, which occurs as γγ- and αγ-dimer, is a late event in neural differentiation, thus making it a useful index of neural maturation.NSE is a highly specific marker for neurons and peripheral neuroendocrine cells. As a result of the findings of NSE in specific...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - November 6, 2015 Category: Research Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research

Unusual clinical cases that mimic acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.
We report on six cases of different etiologies that mimicked the clinical and radiologic findings of ADEM. The cases were collected from four different reference hospitals in Turkey. The same radiologist from the Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine examined the magnetic resonance images of all patients. Three (50%) patients had antecedent infections. Initial symptoms of the patients were as follows: fever in 50%, altered consciousness in 33.3% and convulsions in 16.7% of patients. Neurologic examination showed long tract signs in 83.3%, ataxia in 50% and altered consciousness in 50% of patients. Cerebrospinal fluid exam...
Source: Acta Clinica Croatica - December 19, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Tags: Acta Clin Croat Source Type: research

α-Aryl-N-aryl nitrones: Synthesis and screening of a new scaffold for cellular protection against an oxidative toxic stimulus.
Abstract Nitrone-containing compounds are commonly employed as spin traps of free radical species in chemical and biological studies. Some molecules as α-phenyl-N-t-butyl nitrone (PBN) and its derivatives have been tested as potential drugs to treat oxidative stress related diseases, as Alzheimer and stroke for example. In this work we report the design and the synthesis of α-aryl-N-aryl nitrones and their cytoprotection profile on human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) under induced oxidative stress. All the nine synthesized nitrones showed a significant response at low micromolar concentration. The selected compo...
Source: Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry - January 15, 2016 Category: Chemistry Authors: Matias AC, Biazolla G, Cerchiaro G, Keppler AF Tags: Bioorg Med Chem Source Type: research

Dual anti-ischemic effects of rosmarinic acid n-butyl ester via alleviation of DAPK-p53-mediated neuronal damage and microglial inflammation.
In conclusion, these results reveal for the first time the potential anti-ischemic effects of RABE on neuronal and glial cells and elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in its dual beneficial profiles in vitro. RABE may be a promising drug lead/candidate for the treatment of ischemic stroke. PMID: 28216621 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Acta Pharmacologica Sinica - February 19, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Wu L, Wang HM, Li JL, Feng HX, Zhao WM, Zhang HY Tags: Acta Pharmacol Sin Source Type: research

MiR-29b expression is associated with a dexmedetomidine-mediated protective effect against oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced injury to SK-N-SH cells in vitro.
Abstract Ischemic cerebral stroke is a leading cause of death and long-term disability world-wide. Neuronal injury following cerebral ischemia initiates a complex series of signaling cascades that lead to neuronal cell death. MicroRNA 29b (miR-29b) has reported involvement in the pathogenic process of ischemic brain injury. Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is a highly selective α2 adrenergic receptor stimulant that exerts a protective effect on brain tissue. To determine whether Dex might directly influence miR-29b expression after an ischemic injury, human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells were subjected to oxygen-glucose depriv...
Source: Cell Biology International - October 31, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Huang Z, Liu G, Zeng Q, Gao R, Zhang S, Wang L, Liu B, Yu Y, Zhao A, Li R, Zhou S, Yu W Tags: Cell Biol Int Source Type: research

Sirtuin 6 protects the brain from cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through NRF2 activation
In this study, we investigated the effects of SIRT6 overexpression in regulating I/R injury in a mouse cerebral I/R model in vivo and in oxygen-glucose-deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-stimulated neuro-2a neuroblastoma cells in vitro. We found that cerebral I/R (1 h/24 h) resulted in decreased SIRT6 expression in the cerebral cortex (P < 0.01). SIRT6 overexpression in the brain by in vivo gene transfer enhanced the antioxidant NRF2 signaling (P < 0.05), reduced oxidative stress (P < 0.05), and attenuated cerebral I/R-induced brain tissue damage and neurological deficits (P <�...
Source: Neuroscience - November 15, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

MicroRNA-29b alleviates oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced injury via inhibition of the p53-dependent apoptosis pathway in N2a neuroblastoma cells.
Authors: Cao L, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Jiang TP, Chen L, Liu J, Zhou S Abstract Cerebral ischemic injury causes severe brain damage and remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Members of the microRNA-29 (miR-29) family are involved in regulating the process of ischemia and may be developed as biomarkers to diagnose and treat cerebral ischemia. The role of miR-29b in cerebral ischemia injury remains poorly understood. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether miR-29b overexpression suppressed cerebral ischemic injury and to explore its underlying mechanism of action. The ...
Source: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine - February 6, 2018 Category: General Medicine Tags: Exp Ther Med Source Type: research

The secretome of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells protects SH-SY5Y cells from arsenic-induced toxicity, independent of a neuron-like differentiation mechanism.
Abstract Arsenic exposure through contaminated food, water, and air causes irreversible neural damage and affects millions of people worldwide. Several studies have demonstrated that the secreted factors (secretome) from mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) can promote neural recovery after several forms of injury including stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. The present study was conducted to determine if the secretome from adipose-derived MSCs (ADSCs) prevents arsenic damage to SH-SY5Y cells. To this end, human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) were pre-treated with the secretome from ADSCs and then challenged w...
Source: Neurotoxicology - April 13, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Curtis TM, Hannett JM, Harman RM, Puoplo NA, Van de Walle GR Tags: Neurotoxicology Source Type: research

Amelioration of oxidative stress in differentiated neuronal cells by rutin regulated by a concentration switch
Publication date: December 2018Source: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 108Author(s): Banudevi Sivanantham, UmaMaheswari Krishnan, Vignesh RajendiranAbstractIncreasing studies have implicated superfluous production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a significant factor in the progress of neurodegenerative disorders ranging from ischemic stroke to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The possible mechanisms relating to oxidative stress and neurodegeneration are yet to be thoroughly understood. Rutin, a flavonoid, has been well documented for its beneficial and pharmacological activities against diverse targets. However, th...
Source: Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy - September 11, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Neuroprotective potential of adenosine A1 receptor partial agonists in experimental models of cerebral ischemia
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - January 7, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Alberto Martire, Catia Lambertucci, Rita Pepponi, Antonella Ferrante, Nicholas Benati, Michela Buccioni, Diego Dal Ben, Gabriella Marucci, Karl ‐Norbert Klotz, Rosaria Volpini, Patrizia Popoli Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Long non-coding SNHG1 in cancer
ConclusionSNHG1 likely acts as a useful tumour biomarker for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.
Source: Clinica Chimica Acta - March 6, 2019 Category: Laboratory Medicine Source Type: research

Long non-coding SNHG1 in cancer.
CONCLUSION: SNHG1 likely acts as a useful tumour biomarker for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. PMID: 30849309 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: International Journal of Clinical Chemistry - March 4, 2019 Category: Chemistry Authors: Thin K, Tu JC, Sudheesh C Tags: Clin Chim Acta Source Type: research

Connecting Metainflammation and Neuroinflammation Through the PTN-MK-RPTP β/ζ Axis: Relevance in Therapeutic Development
Conclusion The expression of the components of the PTN-MK-RPTPβ/ζ axis in immune cells and in inflammatory diseases suggests important roles for this axis in inflammation. Pleiotrophin has been recently identified as a limiting factor of metainflammation, a chronic pathological state that contributes to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Pleiotrophin also seems to potentiate acute neuroinflammation independently of the inflammatory stimulus while MK seems to play different -even opposite- roles in acute neuroinflammation depending on the stimulus. Which are the functions of MK and PTN in chronic neuroi...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 11, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

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