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cTBS over contralesional homologue areas deteriorates speech output in isolated Apraxia of Speech after stroke
Apraxia of speech (AOS) is an impairment of motor speech planning/programming, characterized by a combination of phonemic segmental changes and articulatory distortions [1]. AOS is most often accompanied by aphasia, whereas isolated forms may rarely occur after focal damage to the left precentral gyrus [1]. How AOS recovers after brain damage is poorly understood [2]. In particular, it is not known whether recovery of AOS solely depends on the functional reorganisation of perilesional areas [3, 4], or whether it also depends on the compensation through contralesional homologue areas.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - March 17, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Brigitte C. Kaufmann, Manuela Pastore-Wapp, Maria L übeck, Monica Koenig, Stephan Bohlhalter, Tim Vanbellingen, Dario Cazzoli, Thomas Nyffeler Source Type: research

Artificial Grammar Learning with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): A Pilot Study
The relationship between attention and learning has been well-established [1], with many studies showing that increased attention can improve learning and decreased attention can be detrimental to learning. Although stroke-induced aphasia is defined as a primary language impairment, many persons with aphasia also have attention deficits [2]. Sustained attention, the ability to maintain attention to a stimulus for an extended period of time, is an important prerequisite for participating in speech and language therapy and has been shown to be impaired in persons with aphasia [2].
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - July 1, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Ellyn A. Riley, Ying Wu Source Type: research

Feasibility of home-based, self-applied transcranial direct current stimulation to enhance motor learning in middle-aged and older adults
We read with great interest the recent letter sent to you by McConnell and colleagues [1], in which they discuss one of the first applications of truly independent home-based electrical brain stimulation, applied following safety recommendations. Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique capable of modulating cortical excitability beyond the stimulation period [2,3]. tDCS presents interesting options as a therapeutic intervention in multiple neurological disorders, such as stroke, depression, chronic pain, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer ’s and Parkinson’s disease [4,5].
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - September 23, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Pablo Maceira-Elvira, Traian Popa, Anne-Christine Schmid, Friedhelm C. Hummel Source Type: research

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for a Patient with Locked-in Syndrome
Locked-in syndrome (LIS) was first introduced by Plum and Posner. It refers to the combination of quadriplegia and anarthria brought about by disruption of the corticospinal and corticobulbar pathways of the brain stem, respectively [1]. Patients with LIS are alert and aware of their environment but cannot speak or move their limbs. They retain the capacity to use vertical eye movements and blinking to communicate. LIS occurs following disruption of the motor tracts in the ventral brain stem and at least 60% of the cases are caused by stroke [2].Early and intensive rehabilitation reportedly improves the functional outcome ...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - November 15, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Takeshi Satow, Taro Komuro, Takuya Yamaguchi, Nobuhiko Tanabe, Tatsuya Mima Source Type: research

Barriers and Opportunities of Cortical Stimulation via Cerebral Venous Approach
Brain stimulation technologies, both invasive and non-invasive, have been successful in acquiring FDA approval for several indications within neuropsychiatry to include depression, Parkinson ’s disease, and others. Unfortunately, despite extensive testing, brain stimulation has failed to be part of the clinical toolbox for treatment of stroke or brain injury. Epidural stimulation showed promise in early stages of validation but failed in phase III studies with a major limitation of de layed timing of intervention(1).
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - November 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Ali Alawieh, L.Fernando Gonzalez, Wuwei Feng Source Type: research

The unusual case of dental pain with sham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: a benign idiosyncrasy or diagnostic opportunity?
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a promising treatment for major depressive disorder [1]. Recently, we investigated 10 sessions of high-frequency rTMS applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in chronic stroke survivors with depression (randomised controlled trial; ACTRN12619001303134; institutional ethics approval 200697). Stimulation was delivered at 110% resting motor threshold at 10 Hz for a total of 3000 pulses. Here we report the experience of a 51-year-old male with mild upper-limb impairment (Fugl-Meyer 49/66; structural imaging Figure 1), who experienced anatomically confine...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - December 9, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Brenton Hordacre, Kristina Comacchio, G. Lorimer Moseley Source Type: research

Localizing Central Swallowing Functions by Combining Non-invasive Brain Stimulation with Neuroimaging
Swallowing is a complex sensorimotor process, which involves precise temporal coordination of the upper and lower lips, tongue, and pharyngeal and esophageal musculatures. This integrated process is controlled by neural interplay across cortical and subcortical networks. Although numerous functional brain imaging studies have suggested means to measure post-stroke pathological changes in the cortical control region of swallowing [1], identifying the precise functional localization of the motor area for swallowing has been challenging.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - June 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Shasha Li, Marziye Eshghi, Sheraz Khan, Qiyuan Tian, Juho Joutsa, Yangming Ou, Qing Mei Wang, Jian Kong, Bruce Robert Rosen, Jyrki Ahveninen, Aapo Nummenmaa Source Type: research

Feasibility of remote transcranial direct current stimulation for pediatric cerebral palsy during the COVID-19 pandemic
Brain injury and stroke early in life occur during a time of heightened neuroplastic potential1. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) technology including transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are a promising way to enhance standard therapies and pediatric rehabilitation interventions by harnessing neuroplasticity2. Our experience in pioneering applications of NIBS during pediatric development has demonstrated its safety and efficacy when combined with rehabilitation strategies e.g. constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT)3,4.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - October 22, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Daniel H. Lench, Emma Simpson, Ellen N. Sutter, Bernadette T. Gillick Source Type: research

Deep brain stimulation of midbrain locomotor circuits in the freely moving pig
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) has been studied as a therapeutic target in rodent models of stroke, parkinsonism, and spinal cord injury. Clinical DBS trials have targeted the closely related pedunculopontine nucleus in patients with Parkinson ’s disease as a therapy for gait dysfunction, with mixed reported outcomes. Recent studies suggest that optimizing the MLR target could improve its effectiveness.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 27, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Stephano J. Chang, Andrea J. Santamaria, Francisco J. Sanchez, Luz M. Villamil, Pedro Pinheiro Saraiva, Francisco Benavides, Yohjans Nunez-Gomez, Juan P. Solano, Ioan Opris, James D. Guest, Brian R. Noga Source Type: research

Navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation improves the outcome of postsurgical paresis in glioma patients – A randomized, double-blinded trial
Navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (nrTMS) is effective therapy for stroke patients. Neurorehabilitation could be supported by low-frequency stimulation of the non-damaged hemisphere to reduce transcallosal inhibition.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - May 10, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Sebastian Ille, Anna Kelm, Axel Schroeder, Lucia E. Albers, Chiara Negwer, Vicki M. Butenschoen, Nico Sollmann, Thomas Picht, Peter Vajkoczy, Bernhard Meyer, Sandro M. Krieg Source Type: research

Generating artificial sensations with spinal cord stimulation in primates and rodents
For patients who have lost sensory function due to a neurological injury such as spinal cord injury (SCI), stroke, or amputation, spinal cord stimulation (SCS) may provide a mechanism for restoring somatic sensations via an intuitive, non-visual pathway. Inspired by this vision, here we trained rhesus monkeys and rats to detect and discriminate patterns of epidural SCS. Thereafter, we constructed psychometric curves describing the relationship between different SCS parameters and the animal's ability to detect SCS and/or changes in its characteristics.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - May 17, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Amol P. Yadav, Shuangyan Li, Max O. Krucoff, Mikhail A. Lebedev, Muhammad M. Abd-El-Barr, Miguel A.L. Nicolelis Source Type: research

Disrupted cerebellar-M1 connectivity at the acute and chronic stage after stroke
Abstract
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - November 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Ronan Mooney Source Type: research

Evidence for rTMS and TDCS in facilitating rehabilitation of spasticity post stroke
Abstract
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - November 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Amanda McIntyre, Takatoshi Hara, Aturan Shanmugalingam, Amer Burhan Source Type: research

Evidence for NIBS in post-stroke and Vascular depression
Abstract
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - November 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Amer Burhan, Amanda McIntyre Source Type: research

Evidence for NIBS in facilitating rehabilitation of cognitive function after stroke
Abstract
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - November 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Takatoshi Hara, Aturan Shanmugalingam, Amanda McIntyre, Amer M. Burhan Source Type: research

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