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Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation

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Total 298 results found since Jan 2013.

Variability of motor evoked potentials in stroke explained by corticospinal pathway integrity
Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) acquired using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are routinely used to index excitability of residual corticospinal tracts (CST) devoted to the paretic upper-limb in stroke. Unfortunately, MEPs suffer from considerable trial-to-trial variability [1]. Variability is attributed to several physiologic and methodological factors, such as TMS intensity or state of muscle activation [1]; but variability can also arise from the degree of damage to CST. No study to date has linked variability of MEPs to CST damage in stroke.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - March 9, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Kelsey A. Potter-Baker, Yin-Liang Lin, Andre G. Machado, Adriana B. Conforto, David A. Cunningham, Vishwanath Sankarasubramanian, Ken Sakaie, Ela B. Plow Source Type: research

Can TMS based neurophysiology inform the delivery of rTMS after stroke?
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to assess and alter cortical excitability in healthy and clinical populations. Studies using TMS demonstrate altered brain excitability and connectivity in both hemispheres during after stroke. Interhemispheric imbalance is noted after stroke such that the ipsilesional hemisphere shows less corticospinal excitability with smaller, or even absent, motor evoked potentials (MEPs). In contrast, the contralesional hemisphere often demonstrates equal or abnormally increased corticospinal excitability.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: L. Boyd Source Type: research

Fatigue in Hemiparetic Children with Perinatal Stroke is Associated with Altered Cortical Excitability
Background: Fatigue is a commonly reported debilitating symptom in children with perinatal stroke, but the risk factors and mechanisms are unknown. Post-stroke fatigue in adults has been associated with decreased quality of life and altered corticospinal excitability.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: J. Wrightson, E. Zewdie, H. Kuo, G. Millet, A. Kirton Source Type: research

Abnormal brain functional connectivity after subcortical stroke: A TMS-EEG study
Introduction: Stroke causes the changes of whole brain network. TMS-EEG is an excellent tool to evaluate brain connection by stimulating one brain area and then analyzing response in various areas. The present study evaluated the brain connection in patients with subcortical stroke by TMS-EEG.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: G. Dang, X. Su, M. Yang, S. Che, H. Ren, Z. Li, Y. Guo Source Type: research

Inhibition of tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) reduces the benefit of cortical stimulation combined with motor rehabilitation in experimental stroke
Clinical and experimental studies suggest that combining impaired limb rehabilitation (RT) with low-frequency inhibitory contra-lesion or high-frequency excitatory ipsi-lesion motor cortical stimulation (CS) can improve motor recovery and increase neural remodeling. However, results have been mixed and there is no consensus on which CS approach is more beneficial. Further, the mechanism by which excitatory CS (ECS) and inhibitory CS (ICS) alter motor recovery after stroke are unknown. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) are important for motor learning and neural pl...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: S. Kinley Cooper, D. Adkins, A. Rizzo, K. Kinley-Howard Source Type: research

Patient-specific changes in motor network functional connectivity after brain stimulation in perinatal stroke
Introduction: Most hemiparetic cerebral palsy is caused by perinatal stroke resulting in lifelong motor disability. As a focal injury of defined timing in an otherwise healthy brain, perinatal stroke is an ideal human model of developmental neuroplasticity. Evidence shows that intensive rehabilitation paired with non-invasive brain stimulation can improve motor function. However, given large individual variability in plasticity, group statistics may not capture important patient-centred changes.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: H. Carlson, A. Kirton Source Type: research

Cerebellar rTMS to promote motor recovery in hemiparetic stroke patients: a double blind sham controlled randomized controlled trial
The cerebellum is known to be strongly implicated in the functional reorganization of motor networks in stroke patients, especially for gait and balance functions. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the cerebellum can be used to enhance these adaptive processes in stroke recovery.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: G. Koch, S. Bonn ì, E. Casula, M. Pellicciari, M. Maiella, F. Sallustio, C. Caltagirone Source Type: research

The application of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with traditional physical therapy to address upper limb function in chronic stroke: A case study
Stroke recovery happens through neuroplasticity, which is highly influenced by environment, including neuro-rehabilitation. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may enhance recovery by modulating neuroplasticity. With tDCS, weak direct currents are applied noninvasively to modify excitability in the cortical areas under its electrodes. Combined with functional activities, this may facilitate motor recovery in neurologic disorders such as stroke.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: N. Hoseini, M. Eikenberry, H. Block Source Type: research

The effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation during repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation before repetitive facilitation exercise on the hemiparetic hand in chronic stroke patients
Objective: Repetitive facilitative exercise (RFE) is a combination of high repetition rate and neurofacilitation. It is a recently developed approach to the rehabilitation of limb impairment in stroke patients. On the other hand, the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) combined with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on functional recovery of hemiparetic upper limb remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether NMES facilitated the effect of rTMS and RFE on the function of hemiparetic hand in stroke patients.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: S. Etoh, K. Kawamura, K. Tomonaga, S. Miura, S. Harada, S. Kikuno, M. Ueno, R. Miyata, M. Shimodozono Source Type: research

Extremely low frequency magnetic fields as neuroprotective treatment in acute ischemic stroke
Introduction and aims: Extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) could be an alternative neuroprotective approach for ischemic stroke because preclinical studies have demonstrated their effects on the mechanisms underlying ischemic damage. In this open-label, one arm, dose-escalation, exploratory study we evaluated the safety and tolerability of ELF-MF in acute ischemic stroke.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: F. Capone, M. Liberti, F. Apollonio, F. Camera, C. Quattrocchi, M. Francesco, V. Di Lazzaro Source Type: research

Combining Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation and Upper-Limb Robotic Rehabilitation in Chronic Stroke Patients
Introduction And Aims: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a promising approach for enhancing rehabilitation effects in stroke patients, but the invasiveness of this technique reduces its clinical application. Recently, a non-invasive technique for stimulating vagus nerve has been developed. We evaluated safety, feasibility, and efficacy of noninvasive VNS combined with robotic rehabilitation for improving upper limb functionality in chronic stroke.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: F. Capone, S. Miccininilli, G. Pellegrino, L. Zollo, E. Guglielmelli, S. Sterzi, V. Di Lazzaro Source Type: research

Proceedings #23: Inaccurate segmentation of lesioned brains can significantly affect targeted transcranial electrical stimulation on stroke patients
Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) has been shown to improve stroke recovery. Computational models of electrical current flow are often used to guide electrode placement on the scalp for targeted stimulation. This process relies on accurate segmentation of the brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), skull and scalp, especially the lesion areas for stroke patients. Current software for brain segmentation usually cannot capture the lesions with high accuracy and manual labor is thus needed to correct segmentation errors from automated tools.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Yu Huang, Chris Thomas, Abhishek Datta, Lucas C. Parra Source Type: research

Proceedings #4: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Improves Depressive Symptoms and Quality of Life of Post-Stroke Patients
Introduction: Post-Stroke Depression (PSD) reaches nearly a third of stroke survivors, early or late, affecting their functional recovery and quality of life. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) has been explored as a safe supporting tool in the treatment of PSD.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Herc ílio Barbosa da Silva Júnior, Marcos Rassi Fernandes, Ângela Maria Costa Souza Source Type: research

Abstract #24: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) electric field modeling in children after perinatal stroke
Background: Perinatal stroke (PS), the leading cause of hemiparetic cerebral palsy (HCP), typically results from occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (arterial ischemic stroke, AIS). Subsequent motor impairments last a lifetime and improving function is difficult. Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is a form of non-invasive brain stimulation that may facilitate neuroplasticity and improve function. How current moves through the developing brain is different from adults. Modeling tDCS-induced electric fields (EF) is feasible but individual idiosyncrasies in lesion topology, white (WM) and grey matter (GM) arc...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: H.L. Carlson, A. Giuffre, P. Ciechanski, A. Kirton Source Type: research