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Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation

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Total 298 results found since Jan 2013.

Development of Closed-loop Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation (taVNS) as a Neurorehabilitation Tool
Background: Motor rehabilitation training is considered the optimal method in reducing motor impairments in patients with brain injury. Noninvasive brain stimulation has recently demonstrated promise as a potential adjunct to enhance the outcomes of conventional post-stroke motor rehabilitation. Specifically, transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) paired with oromotor therapy to learn feeding behavior (Badran Jenkins, 2018) has emerged as a novel therapeutic avenue. Synchronization of taVNS with the specific motor behavior is believed to be critical to patient outcomes.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: B. Badran, D. Jenkins, W. DeVries, M. Dancy, D. Cook, G. Mappin, M. George Source Type: research

Use of human invasive SEEG and non-invasive EEG recordingsin vivo towards tDCS dose individualization
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a type of non-invasive neuromodulatory rehabilitative therapy that has been the focus of many recent studies in a variety of disease conditions, e.g., stroke, spinal cord injury (SCI), depression, etc. However, one hurdle for success is the variability in behavioral outcomes across different subjects. One reason for such inter-individual variability is differences in tDCS-generated electric fields (EF) inside the brain of each subject and thus the resulting tDCS-modulated neural activity.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: P. Chhatbar, J. Halford, W. Vandergrift, Y. Zhang, W. Feng, M. George, S. Kautz Source Type: research

Towards multi-focal orhcestrated neuromoduation to enhance recovery
Motor stroke, although defined by its single focal lesion in the motor system, is a network disorder with significant functional and structural changes within the large bilateral motor network involved in the implementation of movements (Koch&Hummel, 2017). During the recovery process there is also significant reorganization within the motor cortical network depending on the site and size of the lesions and the phase of the recovery process from the acute to the chronic stage. In the present presentation, structural and functional changes relevant for the process of functional reorganization and recovery will be discussed ...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: F. Hummel Source Type: research

Primary motor cortex plasticity is enhanced by transcranial direct current stimulation in mice: underlying molecular mechanisms and impact on motor performance
There is a consistent body of evidence showing that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the motor cortex facilitates motor learning and promotes motor recovery after stroke.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: M. Podda, V. Longo, S. Barbati, S. Cocco, K. Gironi, A. Mattera, M. Spinelli, C. Grassi Source Type: research

Use of TMS to evaluate cortical excitability of lower limb muscles: effects of post-stroke gait retraining
Gait rehabilitation treatments intended to alter gait patterns are more likely to be effective if they induce a change in the relevant brain circuitry. However, neuroplasticity principles typically applied during gait rehabilitation are derived largely from experiments involving hand muscles. Here, we discuss and address the paucity of research investigating neural correlates underlying rehabilitation of lower extremity movements and gait rehabilitation. Without in-depth understanding of how corticospinal circuitry is modulated following gait retraining, developing evidence-based gait rehabilitation treatments that induce ...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: T. Kesar, J. Xu Source Type: research

Long-term, non-invasive brain stimulation for locked-in syndrome
Background& significance: Locked-in syndrome is a very serious condition with desperate quality of life due to profound paralysis, and there is no effective treatment other than rehabilitation. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) seems to be benefit in motor recovery of stroke patients. We explored the benefit and feasibility of rTMS in locked-in syndrome.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: S. Choi, M. Son, Y. Hong, S. Kang Source Type: research

Vagus Nerve Stimulation as a Strategy to Augment Stroke Rehabilitation
Neural plasticity supports recovery after neurological injury. Strategies that enhance adaptive neural plasticity in conjunction with rehabilitation hold promise to substantially improve recovery of motor and sensory function after neurological damage. We have developed an innovative method using brief bursts of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) paired with rehabilitative training to enhance plasticity in motor circuits. VNS drives phasic activation of plasticity-enhancing neuromodulatory systems which augment rehabilitation-dependent plasticity.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: S. Hays Source Type: research

Proceedings #39: Effects of tDCS alone and combined with virtual reality in clinical practice
The brain can be modulated by electricity and emotions. We performed an open-label study in 134 patients with many clinical conditions, specially stroke, chronic pain and depression. The set up for transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was dependent of the disease using always an intensity of 2 mA/30 min/day for 20 days. Virtual reality (VR) was applied concomitantly using an Oculus Rift. The outcomes were based on the subjective perception of the patients as follows: 1=no response at all, 2=mild response during the stimulation and 3=consistent response after 3 months of follow-up.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Milena Artifon, Lauren Adachi, Pedro Schestatsky Source Type: research

Abstract #161: When stimulating the unaffected (healthy) hemisphere in stroke patients makes sense
Research investigating the use of noninvasive electrical stimulation (e.g., transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)) has provided compelling evidence that such stimulation can modulate sensorimotor function, behavior and cognition, and even facilitate recovery of function after a focal brain injury. Our understanding of the mechanisms that lead to such changes is limited, and the influence of variables such as current strength, electrode montage and which regions of the brain to target is the focus of ongoing investigations.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Gottfried Schlaug Source Type: research

Abstract #140: BDNF Genotype and tDCS Interaction in Aphasia Therapy
Introduction: Using a double blinded randomized controlled trial, we evaluated the extent to which brain stimulation (anodal transcranial direct current stimulation [A-tDCS]) applied during speech therapy, was a futile adjunctive intervention to improve speech production (naming) in individuals with chronic post-stroke aphasia. This futility design evaluated a null hypothesis of 'A-tDCS results in better treatment outcome than sham tDCS.'
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Julius Fridriksson, Jordan Elm, Brielle C. Stark, Alexandra Basilakos, Chris Rorden, Souvik Sen, Mark George, Leonardo Bonilha Source Type: research

Abstract #128: Chronic Vagus Nerve Stimulation Enables Long-term Plasticity in Mouse Auditory Cortex
Introduction: Vagus nerve stimulation is currently used as a medical treatment for those suffering from severe epilepsy or depression, but the mechanisms underlying vagus nerve stimulation are poorly understood. The vagus nerve helps connect essentially all peripheral organs to the central nervous system, sending afferents to the nucleus tractus solitarius. Recent studies indicate that vagus nerve stimulation can produce long-lasting plasticity in the cerebral cortex, leading to improved sensory processing and recovery of motor behavior after stroke (Boreland et al, Brain Stimul (2016).
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Eleni S. Papadoyannis, Kathleen A. Martin, Jennifer K. Schiavo, Nesibe Z. Temiz, Robert C. Froemke Source Type: research

Abstract #113: Individualized Modeling for Subjects with Primary Progressive Aphasia
Introduction: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique that has shown promise in a multitude of rehabilitation protocols, e.g. motor and speech, as well as cognitive enhancement. However, anatomical variability is known to influence both the intensity and spatial focality of tDCS in healthy subjects and especially in stroke lesioned subjects. Subjects with progressive brain atrophy are potential candidates for many tDCS applications, but few studies have quantified this subject population's anatomical influence on induced cortical electric fields.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Gozde Unal, Bronte N. Ficek, Kimberly T. Webster, Syed Shahabuddin, Dennis Q. Truong, Marom Bikson, Kyrana Tsapkini Source Type: research

Abstract #94: BDNF polymorphism predicts plasticity in motor cortex following continuous theta burst stimulation
Introduction: Continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) is under investigation as a method to induce inhibitory cortical plasticity after stroke, but assessment of its therapeutic value is hampered by variability in individual responses. Previous studies have investigated sources of variability, including biological factors that influence brain plasticity, such as a common polymorphism in the brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) gene (i.e., Val66Val vs. Val66Met carriers). However, the evidence to date is mixed, with some studies reporting no effect or paradoxical effects of BDNF on TBS-induced cortical plasticity.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Denise Y. Harvey, Laura DeLoretta, Rachel Wurzman, Daniela Sacchetti, Ahmed Ahmed, Abdou Thiam, Falk Lohoff, Olufunsho Faseyitan, Roy H. Hamilton Source Type: research

Light at the End of the Tunnel: Improvement of Post-Stroke Visual Field Defect after Open-Label Navigated Perilesional rTMS
Cortical visual field defects (cVFD) usually show a narrow window of recovery not exceeding a few months. In some studies recovery was mostly in the first 10 days of insult followed by decrease in recovery rate that nearly plateaus 10-12 weeks after insult, and only 5% of patients will show full recovery of their visual field [1 –5].
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 31, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Nevine M. El Nahas, Ahmed M. Elbokl, Randa M. Amin, Tamer M. Roushdy, Aya Ahmed Ashour, Ahmed Zaki Akl, Eman Hamid Abd Eldayem, Shahinaz M. Helmy, Mohamed Nowara, Tamer H. Emara Source Type: research

Somatosensory and transcranial direct current stimulation effects on manual dexterity and motor cortex function: A metaplasticity study
Non-invasive neuromodulation may provide treatment strategies for neurological deficits affecting movement, such as stroke. For example, weak electrical stimulation applied to the hand by wearing a “mesh glove” (MGS) can transiently increase primary motor cortex (M1) excitability. Conversely, transcranial direct current stimulation with the cathode over M1 (c-tDCS) can decrease corticomotor excitability.Objective/Hypothesis: We applied M1 c-tDCS as a priming adjuvant to MGS and hypothesise d metaplastic effects would be apparent in improved motor performance and modulation of M1 inhibitory and facilitatory circuits.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 26, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Anita Trudgen, John Cirillo, Winston D. Byblow Source Type: research