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Personalized functional imaging-guided rTMS on the superior frontal gyrus for post-stroke aphasia: A randomized sham-controlled trial
Aphasia affects approximately one-third of stroke patients and yet its rehabilitation outcomes are often unsatisfactory. More effective strategies are needed to promote recovery.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - August 29, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Jianxun Ren, Weijing Ren, Ying Zhou, Louisa Dahmani, Xinyu Duan, Xiaoxuan Fu, Yezhe Wang, Ruiqi Pan, Jingdu Zhao, Ping Zhang, Bo Wang, Weiyong Yu, Zhenbo Chen, Xin Zhang, Jian Sun, Mengying Ding, Jianting Huang, Liu Xu, Shiyi Li, Weiwei Wang, Wuxiang Xie, Source Type: research

Proceedings #18: Paradoxal Heightened Ipsilesional Corticospinal Excitability in Mild to Moderate Hemiplegia
Stroke is responsible for one out of every twenty deaths in the world and is a leading cause of serious long-term disabilities. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is used clinically to measure and evaluate the integrity of the corticospinal pathway via the electromyographic response termed, the Motor Evoked Potential (MEP). The aim is to investigate corticospinal excitability from the affected and unaffected motor cortex in chronic post-stroke hemiparesis. The data used in this project form the baseline collection of a broader interventional study, in first time ischemic stroke patients with residual right hemiparesis...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Celeste R.S. De Camargo, Mar Cortes, Avrielle Rykman Peltz, Dylan Edwards Source Type: research

Targeted modulation of neural population dynamics to improve movement control
Stroke is a leading cause of motor disability in the world. While brain stimulation to enhance motor function after stroke has shown promise, large clinical trials in human stroke patients have not found consistent benefits. These trials were conducted using open-loop stimulation, where the neural responses to stimulation were not measured. It remains unclear how to precisely tailor brain stimulation to effectively modulate neural dynamics in the motor network in order to improve motor control after stroke.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 1, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Karunesh Ganguly Source Type: research

NIBS to restore visual field deficit
Not surprisingly, the loss of visual function has a dramatic impact on an individuals quality of life and independence. Cortical visual field deficit is a well-known complication of stroke, with an incidence reported as at least 20% in stroke stroke patients. Traditional rehabilitation approaches include optical aids, eye training or visual field restitution therapies. All these techniques have shown large limitations in reducing scotoma and provide an insufficient amount of improvement transferable to the every-day life.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: E. Raffin Source Type: research

Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Over the Motor Cortex Increases Sympathetic Nerve Activity
Conclusions: Anodal tDCS of the motor cortex shifts autonomic nervous system balance toward sympathetic dominance due at least in part to an increase in sympathetic output. These results suggest further investigation is warranted on tDCS use in patient groups with potential autonomic dysfunction, such as stroke patients.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - September 19, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Jennifer A. Clancy, Robyn Johnson, Rachael Raw, Susan A. Deuchars, Jim Deuchars Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Improves Paretic Limb Force Production: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Hemiparesis is a common motor deficit post stroke. The affected side of the upper and lower extremities interferes with both unilateral and bilateral movements [1,2]. Typically, an inability to generate and modulate force production in paretic limbs causes movement control impairments such as compromised motor coordination, excessive movement variability, and motor dysfunctions evaluated by clinical assessments [3 –5]. After experiencing a stroke, patients frequently show less magnitude of force production when executing actions on their paretic limb in comparison to their non-paretic limbs [6,7].
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - May 16, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Nyeonju Kang, Jeffery J. Summers, James H. Cauraugh Source Type: research

Combined Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Upper Extremity Robotic Therapy Improves Upper Extremity Function in an Adult with Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Study
Cerebral palsy is caused by a nonprogressive brain injury or stroke before birth or during the first two years of life. Unilateral spastic cerebral palsy (USCP) causes weakness and motor skill deficits on one side of the body. As people with USCP age, motor deficits persist due to disuse of the paretic side. Few therapies exist for adults with USCP. We tested feasibility and efficacy of upper limb therapy in adults with CP. Upper extremity robotic therapy can improve upper limb deficits in stroke patients.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - December 31, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Kathleen M. Friel, Peter Lee, Disha Gupta, Hsing-Ching Kuo, Ana R.P. Smorenburg, Dylan J. Edwards Source Type: research

Effects of anodal HD-tDCS or low-frequency rTMS on ipsilateral and contralateral M1 excitability: A pilot study
In stroke neurorehabilitation, contralesional low frequency rTMS (LF-rTMS) or ipsilesional anodal tDCS (a-tDCS) are both employed to increase ipsilesional primary motor cortex (M1) excitability to counterbalance the effects of stroke on interhemispheric imbalance. The aim of this study was to directly compare the effects of LF-rTMS or a-tDCS on ipsilateral and contralateral M1 excitability and inhibition.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 15, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: V. Cabibel, J. Froger, M. Muthalib, S. Perrey Source Type: research

Precise Temporal Association between Cortical Potentials Evoked by Motor Imagination and Afference Induces Cortical Plasticity
An efficient innovative Brain-Computer-Interface system that empowers chronic stroke patients to control an artificial activation of their lower limb muscle through task specific motor intent has been tested in the past. In the current study it was applied to acute stroke patients. The system consists in detecting the movement-related cortical potential (MRCP) using scalp electrodes as the patient attempts to perform a dorsiflexion task. This is translated into the control command for an electrical stimulator to generate a stimulus (at motor threshold) to the nerve that innervates and thus activates the prime mover (tibialis anterior - TA).
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 15, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: N. Mrachacz-Kersting Source Type: research

Brain stimulation in aphasia rehabilitation: Current state and future projects
Stroke remains the leading cause for severe long-term disability despite all successes in treating or even preventing acute stroke. Persistent language deficits lead not only to impairment in activities of daily living, failure to return to work, and profound personal and family suffering including limited social participation.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 15, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: A. Fl öel, R. Darkow, M. Meinzer Source Type: research

Female sex hormones modulate the response to low-frequency rTMS in the human motor cortex
Despite evidence supporting sex-inclusive science, awareness of sex-based factors has not translated to neuro-rehabilitation where “the medicine” is often the therapeutic intervention. Optimal neuro-rehabilitation is key to preventing further injury and treating chronic conditions such as stroke; with the goal to help women return to their workplaces, families, and community commitments as quickly as possible. Recent clinic al trials support the therapeutic utility of rTMS for a variety of disorders, including stroke, where a hyperexcitable unlesioned motor cortex can be targeted with slow frequency stimulation (1 Hz r...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 28, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Lynn M. Rogers, Yasin Y. Dhaher Source Type: research

Response to ‘Cerebellum as a possible target for neuromodulation after stroke’
We appreciated Fran ça and colleagues' letter (‘Cerebellum as a possible target for neuromodulation after stroke’) in response to our systematic review on deep brain stimulation for stroke [1]. Their primary point – concerning the relevance of the cerebellum to post-stroke neuromodulation – is well taken, espe cially given the increasing recognition of the cerebellum as a critical hub in the widespread, distributed neuronal networks that subserve varied motor, cognitive, and emotional processes [2–4].
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - August 24, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Gavin J.B. Elias, Andres M. Lozano Source Type: research

Transcranial direct current stimulation to treat aphasia: Longitudinal analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Post-stroke aphasia is a pervasive language disorder that affects communication and quality of life. Behavioral aphasia therapy is currently standard of care; however, in the chronic phase of recovery (>6 months post stroke), gains are often minimal. A number of studies have suggested that active transcranial direct current stimulation (A-tDCS) may improve treatment outcomes when coupled with behavioral aphasia therapy. However, many of these studies included small sample sizes or only single cases.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - September 29, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Julius Fridriksson, Alexandra Basilakos, Brielle C. Stark, Chris Rorden, Jordan Elm, Michelle Gottfried, Mark S. George, Souvik Sen, Leonardo Bonilha Source Type: research

Proceedings #15: Concurrent HD-tDCS/fMRI Study Exploring Changes in Motor Network Physiology and Complexity
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) can be an efficient way to modulate cortical excitability and promote motor recovery following stroke. However, the effects of M1 tDCS on behavior have been highly variable across individuals. Here we explored whether another motor region that is less often affected by stroke (dorsal premotor cortex, PMd) could also modulate cortical excitability. We also examined motor network neural complexity changes following stimulation of either M1 or PMd using simultaneous fMRI.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Stephanie Lefebvre, Kay Jann, Allie Schmiesing, Kaori Ito, Mayank Jog, Nicolas Schweighofer, Danny JJ. Wang, Sook-Lei Liew Source Type: research

Interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) findings using ipsilateral silent period (iSP) in two stroke patients during acute and subacute phases after stroke
Abstract
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - November 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Pratik Chhatbar, Taewon Kim, Parth Malkan, Riki Shimizu, Christine Park, Lindsay Heffron, Alea Penner, Jody Feld, Wuwei Feng Source Type: research

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