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Source: Hypertension
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Total 263 results found since Jan 2013.
Hypertension: A Harbinger of Stroke and Dementia Brief Review
Source: Hypertension - October 16, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Faraco, G., Iadecola, C. Tags: Cerebrovascular disease/stroke Brief Review Source Type: research
Retinal Vasculature: A Window on the Brain Editorial Commentaries
Source: Hypertension - September 11, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Spence, J. D., Fraser, J. A. Tags: Cerebrovascular disease/stroke, Risk Factors for Stroke Editorial Commentaries Source Type: research
Hypertensive Retinopathy and Risk of Stroke Hypertensive Retinopathy
In this study, we examine whether hypertensive retinopathy predicts the long-term risk of stroke in those with hypertension. A total of 2907 participants with hypertension aged 50 to 73 years at the 1993 to 1995 examination, who had gradable retinal photographs, no history of diabetes mellitus, stroke, and coronary heart disease at baseline and data on incident stroke, were included from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Retinal photographs were assessed for hypertensive retinopathy signs and classified as none, mild, and moderate/severe. Incident events of any stroke, cerebral infarction, and hemorrhag...
Source: Hypertension - September 11, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Ong, Y.-T., Wong, T. Y., Klein, R., Klein, B. E. K., Mitchell, P., Sharrett, A. R., Couper, D. J., Ikram, M. K. Tags: Cerebrovascular disease/stroke, Acute Cerebral Infarction, Risk Factors for Stroke Hypertensive Retinopathy Source Type: research
Circulating Endothelin-1 Alters Critical Mechanisms Regulating Cerebral Microcirculation Endothelin
Endothelin-1 (ET1) is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide implicated in the cerebrovascular alterations occurring in stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and brain trauma. Brain or circulating levels of ET1 are elevated in these conditions and in risk factors for cerebrovascular diseases. Most studies on the cerebrovascular effects of ET1 have focused on vascular smooth muscle constriction, and little is known about the effect of the peptide on cerebrovascular regulation. We tested the hypothesis that ET1 increases cerebrovascular risk by disrupting critical mechanisms regulating cerebral blood flow. Male C57Bl6/J mice equipped w...
Source: Hypertension - September 11, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Faraco, G., Moraga, A., Moore, J., Anrather, J., Pickel, V. M., Iadecola, C. Tags: Cerebrovascular disease/stroke, Brain Circulation and Metabolism, Endothelium/vascular type/nitric oxide Endothelin Source Type: research
Differential Influence of Distinct Components of Increased Blood Pressure on Cardiovascular Outcomes: From the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study Epidemiology/Population
Elevation in blood pressure (BP) increases risk for all cardiovascular events. Nevertheless, the extent to which different indices of BP elevation may be associated to varying degrees with different cardiovascular outcomes remains unclear. We studied 13 340 participants (aged 54±6 years, 56% women and 27% black) of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study who were free of baseline cardiovascular disease. We used Cox proportional hazards models to compare the relative contributions of systolic BP, diastolic BP, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure to risk for coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, ...
Source: Hypertension - August 14, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Cheng, S., Gupta, D. K., Claggett, B., Sharrett, A. R., Shah, A. M., Skali, H., Takeuchi, M., Ni, H., Solomon, S. D. Tags: Clinical Studies Epidemiology/Population Source Type: research
Aortic Stiffness Determines Diastolic Blood Flow Reversal in the Descending Thoracic Aorta: Potential Implication for Retrograde Embolic Stroke in Hypertension Arterial Stiffness
In conclusion, aortic stiffness determines the extent of flow reversal from the descending aorta to the aortic arch, which contributes to the diastolic antegrade flow into the carotid artery. This hemodynamic relationship constitutes a potential mechanism linking increased aortic stiffness, altered flow dynamics, and increased stroke risk in hypertension.
Source: Hypertension - August 14, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Hashimoto, J., Ito, S. Tags: Pathophysiology, Embolic stroke Arterial Stiffness Source Type: research
Impact of Atrial Fibrillation on the Accuracy of Oscillometric Blood Pressure Monitoring Atrial Fibrillation
In conclusion, atrial fibrillation did not significantly affect the accuracy of oscillometric measurements, if 3 repeated measurements were performed.
Source: Hypertension - August 14, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Pagonas, N., Schmidt, S., Eysel, J., Compton, F., Hoffmann, C., Seibert, F., Hilpert, J., Tschope, C., Zidek, W., Westhoff, T. H. Tags: Clinical Studies Atrial Fibrillation Source Type: research
Activation of Neuronal Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 Channel Underlies 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid-Induced Vasoactivity: Role for Protein Kinase A Inflammation and Hypertension
A rise in intraluminal pressure triggers vasoconstriction in resistance arteries, which is associated with local generation of the vasoconstrictor 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE). Importantly, dysregulation of 20-HETE synthesis and activity has been implicated in several cardiovascular disease states, including ischemic disease, hypertension, and stroke; however, the exact molecular pathways involved in mediating 20-HETE bioactivity are uncertain. We investigated whether 20-HETE activates the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and thereby regulates vascular function and blood pressure. We demonstrat...
Source: Hypertension - July 17, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Bubb, K. J., Wen, H., Panayiotou, C. M., Finsterbusch, M., Khan, F. J., Chan, M. V., Priestley, J. V., Baker, M. D., Ahluwalia, A. Tags: Animal models of human disease, Other Vascular biology Inflammation and Hypertension Source Type: research
Interaction Between Chromosome 2 and 3 Regulates Pulse Pressure in the Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Genetics
In an F2 cross between stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHRSP) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, we previously identified blood pressure quantitative trait loci (QTL) on rat chromosome (RNO) 2 and a pulse pressure QTL on RNO3. The aims of this study were to confirm the QTL on RNO3 and to investigate interaction between RNO2 and RNO3 loci through the generation and phenotypic assessment of single RNO3 congenic (SP.WKYGla3a) and bicongenic (SP.WKYGla2a/3a) strains. Hemodynamic profiling, vascular function, and renal histology were examined in these newly generated strains along with the previously reported RNO2 congenic s...
Source: Hypertension - June 12, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Koh-Tan, H. H. C., McBride, M. W., McClure, J. D., Beattie, E., Young, B., Dominiczak, A. F., Graham, D. Tags: Animal models of human disease, Peripheral vascular disease Genetics Source Type: research
Two Genomic Regions of Chromosomes 1 and 18 Explain Most of the Stroke Susceptibility Under Salt Loading in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat/Izm Genetics
This study indicated a major role for 2 QTLs on chr 1 and 18 in stroke susceptibility in SHRSP under salt loading. The salt-sensitive blood pressure increase was implied to play a key role in the stroke susceptibility.
Source: Hypertension - June 12, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Gandolgor, T.-A., Ohara, H., Cui, Z.-H., Hirashima, T., Ogawa, T., Saar, K., Hubner, N., Watanabe, T., Isomura, M., Nabika, T. Tags: Cerebrovascular disease/stroke, Animal models of human disease, Genetics of Stroke Source Type: research
Intensive Blood Pressure Lowering Increases Cerebral Blood Flow in Older Subjects With Hypertension Blood Pressure Lowering and Cerebral Blood Flow
Hypertension is associated with reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF). Intensive (<130/80 mm Hg) blood pressure (BP) lowering in older people might give greater reduction in cardiovascular risk, but there are concerns that this might produce hypoperfusion which may precipitate falls and possibly stroke. We determined the effect of intensive compared with usual BP lowering on CBF in hypertensive older subjects. Individuals aged >70 years with a history of systolic hypertension on 1 or no BP lowering drugs were recruited from primary care (n=37; age, 75±4 years; systolic BP, >150 mm Hg) and randomized to receive ...
Source: Hypertension - May 15, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Tryambake, D., He, J., Firbank, M. J., O'Brien, J. T., Blamire, A. M., Ford, G. A. Tags: Clinical Studies Blood Pressure Lowering and Cerebral Blood Flow Source Type: research
Central Pulse Pressure Is an Independent Determinant of Vascular Remodeling in the Retinal Circulation Retinal Vessels
Pulse pressure has been recognized as a risk factor for stroke. Moreover, it was shown that central pulse pressure relates more strongly to vascular disease and outcome than (peripheral) brachial pulse pressure. Because vascular remodeling in the retinal circulation mirrors the 1 in the cerebral circulation and represents an easy, noninvasive possibility to assess microvascular changes in humans, we analyzed the impact of central pulse pressure on retinal vascular structure in humans. The study cohort comprised 135 nondiabetic patients across a wide range of blood pressure values. Parameter of retinal arteriolar remodeling...
Source: Hypertension - May 15, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Ott, C., Raff, U., Harazny, J. M., Michelson, G., Schmieder, R. E. Tags: Remodeling Retinal Vessels Source Type: research
High Blood Pressure and Cerebral White Matter Lesion Progression in the General Population White Matter Lesions
High blood pressure is considered an important risk factor for cerebral white matter lesions (WMLs) in the aging population. In a longitudinal population-based study of 665 nondemented persons, we investigated the longitudinal relationship of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure with annual progression of WMLs. Means of blood pressure were calculated over a 5-year period before longitudinal MRI scanning. WML progression was subsequently measured on 2 scans 3.5 years apart. We performed analyses with linear regression models and evaluated adjustments for age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors...
Source: Hypertension - May 15, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Verhaaren, B. F. J., Vernooij, M. W., de Boer, R., Hofman, A., Niessen, W. J., van der Lugt, A., Ikram, M. A. Tags: Cerebrovascular disease/stroke, Computerized tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Risk Factors for Stroke, Epidemiology White Matter Lesions Source Type: research
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Activation Improves Endothelial Function Renin-Angiotensin System
Diminished release and function of endothelium-derived nitric oxide coupled with increases in reactive oxygen species production is critical in endothelial dysfunction. Recent evidences have shown that activation of the protective axis of the renin–angiotensin system composed by angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, angiotensin-(1–7), and Mas receptor promotes many beneficial vascular effects. This has led us to postulate that activation of intrinsic angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 would improve endothelial function by decreasing the reactive oxygen species production. In the present study, we tested 1-[[2-(dimetila...
Source: Hypertension - May 15, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Fraga-Silva, R. A., Costa-Fraga, F. P., Murca, T. M., Moraes, P. L., Martins Lima, A., Lautner, R. Q., Castro, C. H., Soares, C. M. A., Borges, C. L., Nadu, A. P., Oliveira, M. L., Shenoy, V., Katovich, M. J., Santos, R. A. S., Raizada, M. K., Ferreira, A Tags: ACE/Angiotension receptors, Cerebrovascular disease/stroke, Type 1 diabetes, Endothelium/vascular type/nitric oxide Renin-Angiotensin System Source Type: research
Mortality and Morbidity During and After Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial: Results by Sex Clinical Trial - ALLHAT
To determine whether an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (lisinopril) or calcium channel blocker (amlodipine) is superior to a diuretic (chlorthalidone) in reducing cardiovascular disease incidence in sex subgroups, we carried out a prespecified subgroup analysis of 15 638 women and 17 719 men in the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). Total follow-up (active treatment + passive surveillance using national administrative databases to ascertain deaths and hospitalizations) was 8 to 13 years. The primary outcome was fatal coronary heart disease or nonfatal myocardial i...
Source: Hypertension - April 17, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Oparil, S., Davis, B. R., Cushman, W. C., Ford, C. E., Furberg, C. D., Habib, G. B., Haywood, L. J., Margolis, K., Probstfield, J. L., Whelton, P. K., Wright, J. T., for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group Tags: Primary prevention, Secondary prevention, Clinical Studies Clinical Trial - ALLHAT Source Type: research
