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Source: Hypertension

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Total 263 results found since Jan 2013.

Activation of the Neuroprotective Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 in Rat Ischemic Stroke Renin-Angiotensin System
The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/angiotensin-(1–7)/Mas axis represents a promising target for inducing stroke neuroprotection. Here, we explored stroke-induced changes in expression and activity of endogenous angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and other system components in Sprague–Dawley rats. To evaluate the clinical feasibility of treatments that target this axis and that may act in synergy with stroke-induced changes, we also tested the neuroprotective effects of diminazene aceturate, an angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activator, administered systemically post stroke. Among rats that underwent experimental ...
Source: Hypertension - June 10, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Bennion, D. M., Haltigan, E. A., Irwin, A. J., Donnangelo, L. L., Regenhardt, R. W., Pioquinto, D. J., Purich, D. L., Sumners, C. Tags: ACE/Angiotension receptors, Animal models of human disease, Other Treatment, Acute Cerebral Infarction, Neuroprotectors Renin-Angiotensin System Source Type: research

Chronic Hypertension Leads to Neurodegeneration in the TgSwDI Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease Alzheimer Disease
Numerous epidemiological studies link vascular disorders, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and stroke, with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Hypertension, specifically, is an important modifiable risk factor for late-onset AD. To examine the link between midlife hypertension and the onset of AD later in life, we chemically induced chronic hypertension in the TgSwDI mouse model of AD in early adulthood. Hypertension accelerated cognitive deficits in the Barnes maze test (P<0.05 after 3 months of treatment; P<0.001 after 6 months), microvascular deposition of β-amyloid (P<0.001 after 3 months of treatmen...
Source: Hypertension - June 10, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Kruyer, A., Soplop, N., Strickland, S., Norris, E. H. Tags: Animal models of human disease, Other etiology Alzheimer Disease Source Type: research

Incident Atrial Fibrillation Hazard in Hypertensive Population: A Risk Function From and For Clinical Practice Epidemiology/Population
Determining the risk of atrial fibrillation within the hypertensive population without ischemic vascular disease would aid in decision making on preventive approaches. Accordingly, we aimed to estimate the risk of incident atrial fibrillation in this population. We conducted an historical cohort study between July 1, 2006, and December 31, 2011, using anonymized longitudinal patient information from primary care and hospital discharge records contained in the System for the Development of Research in Primary Care database. We included 255 440 hypertensive patients, aged ≥55 years at the time of study entry. Individuals ...
Source: Hypertension - May 13, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Alves-Cabratosa, L., Garcia-Gil, M., Comas-Cufi, M., Ponjoan, A., Marti, R., Parramon, D., Blanch, J., Ramos, R. Tags: Other hypertension Epidemiology/Population Source Type: research

Acetaminophen Use and Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Stroke in a Hypertensive Cohort Epidemiology/Population
Recent data suggest that self-reported acetaminophen use is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events and that acetaminophen causes a modest blood pressure rise. There are no randomized trials or studies using verified prescription data of this relationship. We aimed to assess the relationship between verified acetaminophen prescription data and risk of myocardial infarction or stroke in patients with hypertension. We performed a retrospective data analysis using information contained within the UK Clinical Research Practice Datalink. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard r...
Source: Hypertension - April 8, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Fulton, R. L., Walters, M. R., Morton, R., Touyz, R. M., Dominiczak, A. F., Morrison, D. S., Padmanabhan, S., Meredith, P. A., McInnes, G. T., Dawson, J. Tags: Clinical Studies Epidemiology/Population Source Type: research

Magnitude of Blood Pressure Reduction and Clinical Outcomes in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage Trial Study Clinical Trial-INTERACT2 Study
Abstract— Evidence supports early intensive blood pressure (BP) lowering in acute intracerebral hemorrhage, but uncertainty persists over whether potential benefits and harms vary according to the magnitude of BP reduction. We aimed to determine whether larger systolic BP (SBP) reductions were associated with better outcomes in participants of the Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage Trial (INTERACT2). INTERACT2 was an international, open, blinded end point, randomized controlled trial of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (<6 hours) and elevated SBP (150–220 mm Hg)...
Source: Hypertension - April 8, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Wang, X., Arima, H., Heeley, E., Delcourt, C., Huang, Y., Wang, J., Stapf, C., Robinson, T., Woodward, M., Chalmers, J., Anderson, C. S., for the INTERACT2 Investigators* Tags: Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage, Other Stroke Treatment - Medical Clinical Trial-INTERACT2 Study Source Type: research

Effects of Thiazide-Type and Thiazide-Like Diuretics on Cardiovascular Events and Mortality: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Meta-Analysis: Diuretics
Thiazide diuretics are recommended as first-line therapy for hypertension and are among the most commonly prescribed drugs worldwide. According to their molecular structure, thiazide diuretics can be divided in thiazide-type (TT) and thiazide-like (TL) diuretics. TL diuretics have a longer elimination half-life compared with TT diuretics and have been shown to exert additional pharmacological effects, which may differently affect cardiovascular risk. In this meta-analysis, we compared the effects of TT and TL diuretics on cardiovascular events and mortality. Randomized, controlled studies in adult hypertensive patients tha...
Source: Hypertension - April 8, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Olde Engberink, R. H. G., Frenkel, W. J., van den Bogaard, B., Brewster, L. M., Vogt, L., van den Born, B.-J. H. Tags: Cardio-renal physiology/pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Secondary prevention, Cerebrovascular disease/stroke Meta-Analysis: Diuretics Source Type: research

Hypertension Editors' Picks: Obesity-Associated Hypertension Editors' Picks
Source: Hypertension - March 11, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: The Editors Tags: Obesity, Cerebrovascular disease/stroke Editors ' Picks Source Type: research

Common Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Relates to Cardiovascular Events in Adults Aged
Although atherosclerosis starts in early life, evidence on risk factors and atherosclerosis in individuals aged <45 years is scarce. Therefore, we studied the relationship between risk factors, common carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), and first-time cardiovascular events in adults aged <45 years. Our study population consisted of 3067 adults aged <45 years free from symptomatic cardiovascular disease at baseline, derived from 6 cohorts that are part of the USE-IMT initiative, an individual participant data meta-analysis of general-population–based cohort studies evaluating CIMT measurements. Information...
Source: Hypertension - March 11, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Eikendal, A. L. M., Groenewegen, K. A., Anderson, T. J., Britton, A. R., Engstrom, G., Evans, G. W., de Graaf, J., Grobbee, D. E., Hedblad, B., Holewijn, S., Ikeda, A., Kitagawa, K., Kitamura, A., Lonn, E. M., Lorenz, M. W., Mathiesen, E. B., Nijpels, G., Tags: Risk Factors, Imaging, Acute myocardial infarction, Acute Stroke Syndromes, Epidemiology Epidemiology/Population Source Type: research

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Is Critical For Angiotensin II-Mediated Hypertrophy in Cerebral Arterioles Renin-Angiotensin System
We examined the molecular mechanism of Ang II–mediated cerebrovascular remodeling that involves the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway. Mutant EGFR mice (waved-2), their heterozygous control (wild-type [WT]), and C57BL/6J mice were infused with Ang II (1000 ng kg–1 min–1) or saline via osmotic minipumps for 28 days (n=8 per group). Eight of the Ang II–infused C57BL/6J mice were cotreated with AG1478 (12 mg/kg per day, IP), a specific EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Systolic arterial pressure was measured by a tail-cuff method. Pressure and diameter of cerebral arterioles were measured t...
Source: Hypertension - March 11, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Chan, S.-L., Umesalma, S., Baumbach, G. L. Tags: Cerebrovascular disease/stroke, Hypertrophy, Other Vascular biology Renin-Angiotensin System Source Type: research

Combined Effect of Blood Pressure and Total Cholesterol Levels on Long-Term Risks of Subtypes of Cardiovascular Death: Evidence for Cardiovascular Prevention From Observational Cohorts in Japan Epidemiology/Population
No large-scale, longitudinal studies have examined the combined effects of blood pressure (BP) and total cholesterol levels on long-term risks for subtypes of cardiovascular death in an Asian population. To investigate these relationships, a meta-analysis of individual participant data, which included 73 916 Japanese subjects (age, 57.7 years; men, 41.1%) from 11 cohorts, was conducted. During a mean follow-up of 15.0 years, deaths from coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, and intraparenchymal hemorrhage occurred in 770, 724, and 345 cases, respectively. Cohort-stratified Cox proportional hazard models were used. After...
Source: Hypertension - February 11, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Satoh, M., Ohkubo, T., Asayama, K., Murakami, Y., Sakurai, M., Nakagawa, H., Iso, H., Okayama, A., Miura, K., Imai, Y., Ueshima, H., Okamura, T., on behalf of the Evidence for Cardiovascular Prevention From Observational Cohorts in Japan (EPOCH-JAPAN) Res Tags: Lipids, Epidemiology Epidemiology/Population Source Type: research

Prolonged Corrected QT Interval Is Predictive of Future Stroke Events Even in Subjects Without ECG-Diagnosed Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Heart
In conclusion, prolonged QTc interval was associated with stroke risk even among patients without ECG-LVH in the general population.
Source: Hypertension - February 11, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Ishikawa, J., Ishikawa, S., Kario, K. Tags: Risk Factors, Hypertrophy, Electrocardiology, Epidemiology Heart Source Type: research

Central Aortic Reservoir-Wave Analysis Improves Prediction of Cardiovascular Events in Elderly Hypertensives Cardiovascular Risk Prediction
Several morphological parameters based on the central aortic pressure waveform are proposed as cardiovascular risk markers, yet no study has definitively demonstrated the incremental value of any waveform parameter in addition to currently accepted biomarkers in elderly, hypertensive patients. The reservoir-wave concept combines elements of wave transmission and Windkessel models of arterial pressure generation, defining an excess pressure superimposed on a background reservoir pressure. The utility of pressure rate constants derived from reservoir-wave analysis in prediction of cardiovascular events is unknown. Carotid bl...
Source: Hypertension - February 11, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Narayan, O., Davies, J. E., Hughes, A. D., Dart, A. M., Parker, K. H., Reid, C., Cameron, J. D. Tags: Clinical Studies, Other diagnostic testing Cardiovascular Risk Prediction Source Type: research

Insomnia With Physiological Hyperarousal Is Associated With Hypertension Sleep and Hypertension
In this study, we tested whether insomnia with physiological hyperarousal measured by Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT), a standard test of sleepiness/alertness, is associated with increased risk of hypertension. Two hundred nineteen chronic insomniacs and 96 normal sleepers were included in this study. Chronic insomnia was defined based on standard diagnostic criteria with symptoms lasting ≥6 months. All subjects underwent 1 night in laboratory polysomnography followed by a standard MSLT. We used the median mean MSLT value (ie, >14 minutes) and the 75th percentile of mean MSLT value (ie, >17 minutes) to define h...
Source: Hypertension - February 11, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Li, Y., Vgontzas, A. N., Fernandez-Mendoza, J., Bixler, E. O., Sun, Y., Zhou, J., Ren, R., Li, T., Tang, X. Tags: Cerebrovascular disease/stroke, Other hypertension, Clinical Studies Sleep and Hypertension Source Type: research

Cardiovascular Disease Is the Main Cause of Long-Term Excess Mortality After Ischemic Stroke in Young Adults Ischemic Stroke in Young Adults
Adults with stroke at a young age (18–50 years) remain at an increased risk of death for decades. It is unclear what cause underlies this long-term excess mortality and whether this is sex and time specific. Therefore, we investigated sex-specific temporal changes in cause of death after transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke in young adults aged 18 to 50 years. We included all 845 consecutive 30-day survivors, of a first-ever transient ischemic attack (n=261) or ischemic stroke (n=584), admitted to our hospital between 1980 and 2010. Survival status was assessed at April 1, 2013. Observed cause-specific mortal...
Source: Hypertension - February 11, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Rutten-Jacobs, L. C. A., Arntz, R. M., Maaijwee, N. A. M., Schoonderwaldt, H. C., Dorresteijn, L. D., van Dijk, E. J., de Leeuw, F.-E. Tags: Acute Cerebral Infarction Ischemic Stroke in Young Adults Source Type: research

Does Low Diastolic Blood Pressure Contribute to the Risk of Recurrent Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease Events?: The Framingham Heart Study Epidemiology/Population
Whether low diastolic blood pressure (DBP) is a risk factor for recurrent cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in persons with isolated systolic hypertension is controversial. We studied 791 individuals (mean age 75 years, 47% female, mean follow-up time: 8±6 years) with DBP <70 (n=225) versus 70 to 89 mm Hg (n=566) after initial CVD events in the original and offspring cohorts of the Framingham Heart Study. Recurrent CVD events occurred in 153 (68%) participants with lower DBP and 271 (48%) with higher DBP (P<0.0001). Risk of recurrent CVD events in risk factor-adjusted Cox regression was higher in those with ...
Source: Hypertension - January 7, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Franklin, S. S., Gokhale, S. S., Chow, V. H., Larson, M. G., Levy, D., Vasan, R. S., Mitchell, G. F., Wong, N. D. Tags: Clinical Studies, Other Treatment Epidemiology/Population Source Type: research