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Specialty: Neurology
Condition: Encephalitis

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Total 277 results found since Jan 2013.

Pediatric Acute Stroke Protocol Activation in a Children's Hospital Emergency Department Brief Reports
Conclusions— Of pediatric brain attacks, 24% were stroke, 2% were transient ischemic attack, and 14% were other neurological emergencies. Together, 40% had a stroke or other neurological emergency, underscoring the need for prompt evaluation and management of children with brain attacks.
Source: Stroke - July 27, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Ladner, T. R., Mahdi, J., Gindville, M. C., Gordon, A., Harris, Z. L., Crossman, K., Pruthi, S., Abramo, T. J., Jordan, L. C. Tags: Emergency treatment of Stroke, Stroke in Children and the Young Brief Reports Source Type: research

Selective neuronal vulnerability of human hippocampal CA1 neurons: lesion evolution, temporal course, and pattern of hippocampal damage in diffusion-weighted MR imaging
Deuschl & Olav Jansen
Source: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow - June 17, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Thorsten BartschJuliane DöhringSigrid ReuterCarsten FinkeAxel RohrHenriette BrauerGünther DeuschlOlav Jansen Tags: CA1 encephalitis hippocampus memory stroke vulnerability Source Type: research

De novo status epilepticus with isolated aphasia
Conclusions Magnetic resonance imaging findings were only subtle, and EEG was without clear ictal pattern, so the diagnosis of aphasic status remains with some uncertainty. However, status epilepticus can mimic stroke symptoms and has to be considered in patients with aphasia even when no previous stroke or structural lesions are detectable and EEG shows no epileptic discharges. Epileptic origin is favored when CT or MR imaging reveal no hypoperfusion. In this case, MRI was superior to CT in detecting hyperperfusion. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled “Status Epilepticus”.
Source: Epilepsy and Behavior - June 12, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

De novo status epilepticus with isolated aphasia.
CONCLUSIONS: Magnetic resonance imaging findings were only subtle, and EEG was without clear ictal pattern, so the diagnosis of aphasic status remains with some uncertainty. However, status epilepticus can mimic stroke symptoms and has to be considered in patients with aphasia even when no previous stroke or structural lesions are detectable and EEG shows no epileptic discharges. Epileptic origin is favored when CT or MR imaging reveal no hypoperfusion. In this case, MRI was superior to CT in detecting hyperperfusion. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Status Epilepticus". PMID: 26044094 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Epilepsy and Behaviour - June 1, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Flügel D, Kim OC, Felbecker A, Tettenborn B Tags: Epilepsy Behav Source Type: research

Predictors of Poor Outcome in Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome: Retrospective Analysis of Nationwide Inpatient Sample (S32.006)
CONCLUSIONS: In patients admitted for neuroleptic malignant syndrome, every decade increment in age, acute kidney injury, seizures and respiratory failure were positive predictors of poor outcome. Every calendar year increase was a negative predictor of poor outcome. Study Supported by:Disclosure: Dr. Modi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dharaiya has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 8, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Modi, S., Dharaiya, D. Tags: Movement Disorders: Tremor, Ataxia, and More Platform Blitz Source Type: research

Limbic Encephalitis Exacerbations and Remissions Charted by Microglial PET Scan: A Case Study (P4.104)
CONCLUSIONS: C-11-PK11195 PET imaging can be useful in the diagnosis of limbic encephalitis and for monitoring response to treatment. MALT lymphoma may also be associated with autoimmune or paraneoplastic encephalitis, especially in individuals with other predisposing factors to autoimmune disorders, such as Tourette’s and autoimmune thyroid disease. The reduction in microglial activity with both IVIG and anti-psychotics supports previous findings that anti-psychotics may act through anti-inflammatory pathways.Disclosure: Dr. Shatz has received research support from Janssen Pharmaceutica. Dr. Chugani has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 8, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Shatz, R., Chugani, H. Tags: Aging, Dementia, Cognitive, and Behavioral Neurology: Rapidly Progressive and Inflammatory Dementias Source Type: research

Mitochondrial Encephalopathy with Lactic Acidosis and Stroke (MELAS) presenting as an apparent neoplastic process (P5.015)
CONCLUSION: MELAS can mimic more common disorders. The slow onset of her symptoms and the MRI's appearance led to suspicion for neoplasm. This is the first report to our knowledge where MELAS has presented as such. Documentation of this and other unusual presentations of mitochondrial disease is crucial to appropriate diagnosis of the condition.Disclosure: Dr. Rothstein has nothing to disclose. Dr. Haq has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 8, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Rothstein, A., Haq, I. Tags: Aging, Dementia, Cognitive, and Behavioral Neurology ePosters Source Type: research

Inferior Cerebellar Peduncular Lesion Causes a Distinct Vestibular Syndrome (P1.332)
CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral ICP lesion at the pontine level mimics acute peripheral vestibular disorders. However, directional dissociation between OTR/SVV tilt and body lateropulsion with normal head impulse or caloric tests may be a sign distinguishing lesions involving unilateral ICP at the pontine level from those affecting other vestibular structures. Study Supported by:Disclosure: Dr. Choi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Choi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lee has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 8, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Choi, K.-D., Choi, J.-H., Lee, S.-H. Tags: Neuro-ophthalmology/Neuro-otology I Source Type: research

Steroid responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT) with stroke like symptoms. A case report. (P5.104)
Conclusion: Clinicians should consider SREAT in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with stroke like symptoms/vasculitis especially if investigations fail to establish a diagnosis.Disclosure: Dr. Javalkar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Abbas has nothing to disclose. Dr. Harris has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 8, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Javalkar, V., Abbas, S., Harris, M. Tags: Edema, Encephalopathy, and Encephalitis Source Type: research

Inferior cerebellar peduncular lesion causes a distinct vestibular syndrome
ConclusionsA unilateral ICP lesion at the pontine level leads to the development of isolated AVS. However, a negative head impulse test and directional dissociation between OTR/SVV tilt and body lateropulsion may distinguish lesions involving unilateral ICP at the pontine level from those affecting other vestibular structures.
Source: European Journal of Neurology - April 6, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: J.‐H. Choi, J.‐D. Seo, Y. R. Choi, M.‐J. Kim, H.‐J. Kim, J. S. Kim, K.‐D. Choi Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Varicella-Zoster Vasculitis Presenting with Cerebellar Hemorrhage
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is known as one of the rare, but important, causes of both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Most previously reported VZV-related hemorrhagic stroke and cerebral vasculitis are associated with anterior circulation because VZV spreads from trigeminal ganglia to the anterior circulation of Willis. The present study presents a patient with cerebellar hemorrhage, who was diagnosed with VZV encephalitis and vasculitis of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - March 31, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Kazuya Matsuo, Yoichi Uozumi, Hirohito Miyamoto, Shotaro Tatsumi, Eiji Kohmura Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy during fumarate monotherapy of psoriasis
In September 2013, a 69-year-old Caucasian man who was anti–JC virus (JCV) antibody positive was admitted to our hospital with slowly progressing right hemiparesis and aphasia lasting for approximately 6 months. Medical history revealed arterial hypertension, biological aortic valve replacement, and psoriasis vulgaris, treated with 3–6 tablets daily of dimethylfumarate (DMF; 120 mg)/ethylhydrogenfumarate (EHF; 95 mg) (Fumaderm, Biogen Idec, Ismaning, Germany) since December 2008 (table e-1 at Neurology.org/nn). No other immunosuppressive pretreatment had been given. In April/May 2013, the patient recognized a s...
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - March 12, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Hoepner, R., Faissner, S., Klasing, A., Schneider, R., Metz, I., Bellenberg, B., Lukas, C., Altmeyer, P., Gold, R., Chan, A. Tags: Multiple sclerosis, Encephalitis, Viral infections Clinical/Scientific Notes Source Type: research

Decompressive Craniectomy in Neurocritical Care
Opinion statement Decompressive craniectomy (DC) involves the removal of a portion of the skull in the setting of life threatening brain edema or potentially uncontrollable intracranial pressures. Often performed on an emergent basis, evaluation and arrangement for DC should be swift and decisive. However, the evidence base for DC in the wide range of conditions for which it is currently performed is still developing. The procedure is associated with a number of complications and ethical considerations; thus, its place in contemporary practice remains controversial. While randomized trials conducted in the last d...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Neurology - January 27, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Cerebral myiasis
An 85-year-old patient was admitted to the emergency room septic with fetid odor in the right orbit, where enucleation of the right eye had been performed 8 years prior. Physical inspection noted the presence of larvae within the right orbit. After a CT scan (figure 1), the patient underwent surgical treatment (figure 2). Intraoperative cultures revealed encephalitis caused by myiasis. The patient died due to complications caused by sepsis 2 weeks after the procedure.
Source: Neurology - January 26, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Holanda, L. F., Pereira, B. J. A., de Holanda, C. V. M., de Oliveira, J. G. Tags: CT, Parasitic infections, Coma, All Cerebrovascular disease/Stroke, Critical care NEUROIMAGES Source Type: research

Semantic memory: Which side are you on?
We present two patients in whom the combination of lesion site and cognitive performance was uniquely informative about the organisation and functional anatomy of semantic memory. One had had a single lobar stroke with an unusual distribution, largely destroying the whole of the left temporal lobe ventral to the superior temporal sulcus. The other patient had had herpes simplex encephalitis with destruction that was confined to the left cerebral hemisphere. The lesion again mainly encompassed the left temporal lobe, but also extended to the left inferior frontal gyrus. Cognitive outcomes in the two patients were compared w...
Source: Neuropsychologia - November 24, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research