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Specialty: Neurology
Condition: Encephalitis

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Total 277 results found since Jan 2013.

Young woman with a four-year history of epilepsy and progressive focal cortical atrophy — What is the diagnosis?
We report the case of a young woman with a four-year history of epilepsy that progressed rapidly as evidenced by the development of progressive focal cortical atrophy. She underwent biopsy that showed perinatal ischemia and a prominent inflammatory response, including T-cell infiltration and microglial activation. There was no consensus reached on the final diagnosis although the hypothesis of dual pathology (adult variant of Rasmussen's encephalitis and perinatal stroke) was considered. The possible role of inflammation in the progression of epilepsy caused by a “static” lesion (perinatal stroke) is discussed.
Source: Epilepsy and Behavior Case Reports - November 1, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Encephalitis Lethargica
Encephalitis lethargica information page compiled by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS).
Source: NINDS Disorders: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke - October 26, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Meningitis and Encephalitis
Encephalitis and meningitis information page compiled by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS).
Source: NINDS Disorders: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke - October 26, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Rasmussen's Encephalitis
Rasmussen's encephalitis information sheet compiled by NINDS, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.
Source: NINDS Disorders: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke - October 26, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Intracranial Pressure and Cerebral Perfusion Pressure Monitoring in Non-TBI Patients: Special Considerations
Abstract The effect of intracranial pressure (ICP) and the role of ICP monitoring are best studied in traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, a variety of acute neurologic illnesses e.g., subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, meningitis/encephalitis, and select metabolic disorders, e.g., liver failure and malignant, brain tumors can affect ICP. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature about ICP monitoring in conditions other than TBI and to provide recommendations how the technique may be used in patient management. A PubMed search between 1980 and September 2013 identifie...
Source: Neurocritical Care - September 11, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome and Stroke after Intravenous Immunoglobulin Treatment in Miller–Fisher Syndrome/Bickerstaff Brain Stem Encephalitis Overlap Syndrome
The association of a posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) without arterial hypertension with autoimmune-mediated inflammatory neuropathies such as Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare and poorly understood phenomenon. To date, PRES has been described as initial manifestation, coincidental finding, or adverse event subsequent to immunomodulatory treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in cases of axonal and demyelinating GBS as well as in Miller–Fisher syndrome (MFS). We here report a case of MFS/Bickerstaff brain stem encephalitis (BBE)–overlap syndrome and nonhypertensive PRES that occurr...
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - August 22, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Henning R. Stetefeld, Helmar C. Lehmann, Gereon R. Fink, Lothar Burghaus Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research

Limbic encephalitis: Clinical spectrum and long-term outcome from a developing country perspective
Conclusion: Early recognition of LE is important based upon clinical, MRI data in the absence of antineuronal surface antibody screen in developing nations. Early institution of immunotherapy will help in improvement in outcome of these patients in long-term.
Source: Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology - May 17, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Sujit Abajirao JagtapGopal Krishna DasHarsha J. KambaleAshalatha RadhakrishnanM.D. Nair Source Type: research

Progressive limbic encephalopathy: Problems and prospects
Conclusion: All patients who present with new onset neuropsychiatric symptoms need to be evaluated for sub-acute infections, inflammation, autoimmune limbic encephalitis and paraneoplastic syndrome. A repeated 20 minute EEG is a very effective screening tool to detect organicity.
Source: Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology - May 17, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Sadanandavalli Retnaswami ChandraRoopa SeshadriYasha ChikabasaviahThomas Gregor Issac Source Type: research

The Role of Toll-Like Receptor 3 in Epileptogenesis (S29.002)
Conclusion:These preliminary results -in a still ongoing study- indicate a central involvement of seizure induction (epileptogenesis) by TLR3 and provide evidence for future research and possibly drug development to finally change the treatment paradigm of epilepsy from symptomatic seizure control to curable prevention of seizure development.Disclosure: Dr. Benninger has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gross has nothing to disclose. Dr. Steiner has received personal compensation for activities with Actelion and Hoffman La Roche. Dr. Offen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Okun has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 9, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Benninger, F., Gross, A., Steiner, I., Offen, D., Okun, E. Tags: Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology: Inflammation, Status Epilepticus, and Genetics Source Type: research

NeurologicManifestations of Neglected Tropical Diseases (P4.295)
CONCLUSIONS: Neurological manifestations of NTDs cause significant morbidity and mortality, although data are limited. The evidence for treatments of neurologic complications is limited for most NTDs. Increased awareness of neurologic manifestations of NTDs can promote early identification and treatment, thereby contributing to ongoing elimination and eradication campaigns.Study Supported by: NADisclosure: Dr. Raibagkar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Berkowitz has received royalty payments from Medmaster and Oxford University Press. Dr. Pritt has nothing to disclose. Dr. Headley-Whyte has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mateen has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 9, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Raibagkar, P., Berkowitz, A., Pritt, B., Headley-Whyte, E. T., Mateen, F. Tags: Global Health and Infection Source Type: research

Voltage Gated Calcium Channels Antibody-Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis (P5.228)
ConclusionThis case demonstrates a correlation between a high titer of VGCC antibodies and autoimmune encephalitis. Our patient's initial improvement with steroids and plasma exchange in the face of a negative CT and PET suggests a primary autoimmune process rather than a paraneoplastic etiology, though we admit that it is premature to rule out remission and we will continue to follow herDisclosure: Dr. Alwaki has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lugo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Goshgarian has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ahmad has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hefzy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mitsias has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 9, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Alwaki, A., Lugo, A., Goshgarian, C., Ahmad, O., Hefzy, H., Mitsias, P. Tags: Aging, Dementia, and Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology: Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease and Subacute Encephalopathies Source Type: research

Sinus Bradycardia Localizes Where? (P1.129)
Discussion: Different possible mechanisms of autonomic dysfunction are discussed based on the anatomy of the lesions. Such mechanisms include sympathetic withdrawal due to a lesion of the descending sympathetic tract causing parasympathetic disinhibition, imbalance within the parasympathetic system itself, or disruption of the feedback circuits involving the parabrachial nucleus in the pons. It is also discussed whether laterality plays a role in the autonomic nervous system and whether compensatory mechanisms might take over in the subacute phase. This topic is of clinical interest as initial presentation with severe brad...
Source: Neurology - April 9, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Hamel, J., Tollefson, T. Tags: Cerebrovascular Disease and Interventional Neurology: Atrial Fibrillation and Miscellaneous Source Type: research

The Role of Toll-Like Receptor 3 in Epileptogenesis (I1-2.001)
Conclusion:These preliminary results -in a still ongoing study- indicate a central involvement of seizure induction (epileptogenesis) by TLR3 and provide evidence for future research and possibly drug development to finally change the treatment paradigm of epilepsy from symptomatic seizure control to curable prevention of seizure development.Disclosure: Dr. Benninger has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gross has nothing to disclose. Dr. Steiner has received personal compensation for activities with Actelion and Hoffman La Roche. Dr. Offen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Okun has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 9, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Benninger, F., Gross, A., Steiner, I., Offen, D., Okun, E. Tags: Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Febrile Seizures Data Blitz Presentations Source Type: research

Paroxysmal Dysarthria and Ataxia after Treatment of Brainstem Encephalitis (P6.053)
CONCLUSIONS: Paroxysmal dysarthria and ataxia is most often recognized as a complication of multiple sclerosis, but it can occur in other neurologic diseases with midbrain lesions near or involving the red nucleus. Effective treatments include carbamazepine, acetazolamide, lamotrigine, and phenytoin.Study Supported by: N/A.Disclosure: Dr. Klaas has nothing to disclose. Dr. Boes has nothing to disclose. Dr. Aksamit has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 9, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Klaas, J., Boes, C., Aksamit, A. Tags: Movement Disorders: Miscellaneous Ataxias Source Type: research

An unusual cause of cerebellar ataxia in an immunocompromised elderly patient
Conclusions: PVB19 CNS infection should be in the differential as a cause of cerebellar ataxia in immunocompromised patients. Recognition is critical to early institution of appropriate therapy. Our patient showed considerable improvement in ataxia after IVIG therapy.Highlights:
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - March 13, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Sheetal Shroff, Carlos Kamiya-Matsuoka, Karin Woodman Tags: Short Communications Source Type: research