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Specialty: Neurology
Condition: Encephalitis

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Total 277 results found since Jan 2013.

Neurological Associations of COVID-19 —Do We Know Enough: A Tertiary Care Hospital Based Study
This study will discuss the detailed systematically evaluated clinical profile and relevant investigations and outcome of 14 laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 positive patients presenting with neurological signs and symptoms. The patients were further categorized into confirmed, probable, and possible neurological associations. The probable association was found in meningoencephalitis (n = 4), stroke (n = 2), Guillain-Barré syndrome (n = 1), and anosmia (n = 1). The other six patients had coexisting neurological diseases with SARS-CoV-2. One patient with a large artery stroke succumbed to the illness due to respiratory comp...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - November 24, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Pattern Recognition Approach to Brain MRI Findings in Patients with Dengue Fever with Neurological Complications
Conclusion: Radiologists should be aware of various MRI brain findings in dengue and a pattern recognition approach often helps in reaching the correct diagnosis albeit after exclusion of other differentials based on laboratory studies.
Source: Neurology India - October 27, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Sameer Vyas Nirmalya Ray Muniraju Maralakunte Ajay Kumar Paramjeet Singh Manish Modi Manoj Kumar Goyal Naveen Sankhyan Ashish Bhalla Navneet Sharma Muralidharan Jayashree Source Type: research

Editorial
The cover of this issue ofBrain relates to the article by Ross Paterson, Rachel Brown and co-workers that describes the range of neurological presentations in patients with definite, probable or possible COVID-19 encountered in a series of multidisciplinary team meetings organized at a single neurological centre. The commonest CNS disorders encountered were encephalopathy without obvious structural lesion or CSF abnormality, encephalitis or encephalomyelitis, and ischaemic stroke, often in the context of a hypercoagulable state. The accepted manuscript has already been downloaded almost 30  000 times even before formal p...
Source: Brain - October 25, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Neurological manifestations in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
CONCLUSIONS: Stroke is the most frequently reported neurological manifestation in COVID-19 and has the highest mortality rate. Neurological manifestations tend to develop one to two weeks after the onset of respiratory disease. There is significant morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19 neurological manifestations. PMID: 33074036 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Brain Injury - October 22, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Inj Source Type: research

Neurological manifestations of COVID-19: available evidences and a new paradigm
AbstractThe recent pandemic outbreak of coronavirus is pathogenic and a highly transmittable viral infection caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). In this time of ongoing pandemic, many emerging reports suggested that the SARS-CoV-2 has inimical effects on neurological functions, and even causes serious neurological damage. The neurological symptoms associated with COVID-19 include headache, dizziness, depression, anosmia, encephalitis, stroke, epileptic seizures, and Guillain-Barre syndrome along with many others. The involvement of the CNS may be related with poor prognosis and disease wo...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - August 23, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Looking ahead: The risk of neurologic complications due to COVID-19
The rapid spread of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has become a public health emergency of international concern. The outbreak was characterized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. The most characteristic symptom of patients with COVID-19 is respiratory distress. Some patients may also show neurologic signs and symptoms ranging from headache, nausea, vomiting, and confusion to anosmia, ageusia, encephalitis, and stroke. Coronaviruses are known pathogens with neuroinvasive potential. There is increasing evidence that coronavirus i...
Source: Neurology Clinical Practice - August 9, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Perez, C. A. Tags: Viral infections, All global neurology, Public health, COVID-19 Commentary Source Type: research

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: Two Cases and a Review of the Literature
Central nervous system (CNS) manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection include encephalopathy, encephalitis, meningitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and stroke [1], both as a result of direct viral invasion of the central nervous system [2 –5] and as a consequence of critical illness and systemic infection [6]. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may also cause significant changes in endothelial morphology, including disruption of intercellular junctions, cell swelling, and a loss of contact with the basal membrane [7].
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - July 29, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Pria Anand, K. H.Vincent Lau, David Y Chung, Deepti Virmani, Anna M. Cervantes-Arslanian, Asim Mian, Courtney E. Takahashi Source Type: research

Stereotypies in adults: a systematic review.
Abstract Stereotypies are abnormal involuntary non-goal-directed movement patterns or vocalisations which repeat continuously in the same fashion over a period of time and on multiple occasions and are typically distractible. Stereotypies are common in both children and adults, but they are extensively reviewed only in children. There are very few studies, mainly in the form of case reports and case series, focusing on stereotypies occurring in adults as part of different neurological disorders. In adults, stereotypies can be both physiological and pathological. Common physiological stereotypies in adults are leg ...
Source: Neurologia i Neurochirurgia Polska - July 23, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Shukla T, Pandey S Tags: Neurol Neurochir Pol Source Type: research

Cerebrovascular disease in patients with COVID-19: neuroimaging, histological and clinical description
We describe pathological and radiological data consistent with thrombotic microangiopathy caused by endotheliopathy with a haemorrhagic predisposition.
Source: Brain - July 9, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Spectrum of Neurological Manifestations in Covid-19: A Review
Ravindra K GargNeurology India 2020 68(3):560-572 COVID-19, in most patients, presents with mild flu-like illness. Elderly patients with comorbidities, like hypertension, diabetes, or lung and cardiac disease, are more likely to have severe disease and deaths. Neurological complications are frequently reported in severely or critically ill patients with comorbidities. In COVID-19, both central and peripheral nervous systems can be affected. The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes the disease COVID-19 and has the potential to invade the brain. The SARS-CoV-2 virus enters the brain either via a hematogenous route or olfactory system. A...
Source: Neurology India - July 5, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Ravindra K Garg Source Type: research

The NMDA Receptor Antibody Paradox: A Possible Approach to Developing Immunotherapies Targeting the NMDA Receptor
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) play a key role in brain development and function, including contributing to the pathogenesis of many neurological disorders. Immunization against the GluN1 subunit of the NMDAR and the production of GluN1 antibodies is associated with neuroprotective and seizure-protective effects in rodent models of stroke and epilepsy, respectively. Whilst these data suggest the potential for the development of GluN1 antibody therapy, paradoxically GluN1 autoantibodies in humans are associated with the pathogenesis of the autoimmune disease anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. This review discusses pos...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - July 2, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Neurological involvement of coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review
ConclusionsNeurological manifestations of COVID-19 are not rare, especially large vessel stroke, Guillain –Barre syndrome, and meningoencephalitis. Moving forward, further studies are needed to clarify the prevalence of the neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection, investigate their biological backgrounds, and test treatment options. Physicians should be cautious not to overlook other neurol ogical diagnoses that can mimic COVID-19 during the pandemic.
Source: Journal of Neurology - June 18, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Multifocal Stroke Complicating Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis
We describe here a preadolescent female, whose course of NMDARE was complicated by a unilateral stroke, resulting in permanent deficits. The imaging characteristics suggest a vascular (thrombotic) etiology. To our knowledge, th is is the first report of stroke in the setting of NMDARE.Case Rep Neurol 2020;12:210 –213
Source: Case Reports in Neurology - June 12, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

CNS inflammatory vasculopathy with antimyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies in COVID-19
A 44-year-old right-handed woman reported a gradual onset of right hand incoordination seven days after the onset of minor respiratory symptoms and pruritus due to COVID-19 infection. Over 48 hours, the patient developed word-finding difficulties and progression in right arm weakness leading to presentation to the emergency department as a suspected stroke.
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - June 9, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Pinto, A. A., Carroll, L. S., Nar, V., Varatharaj, A., Galea, I. Tags: MRI, Other cerebrovascular disease/ Stroke, Encephalitis, COVID-19 Clinical/Scientific Notes Source Type: research

Cardiac and Pulmonary Disorders and the Nervous System
This article reviews the neurologic complications encountered with cardiac and pulmonary disorders, specifically focusing on endocarditis, cardiac arrest, heart failure, hypercapnia, hypoxia, and cystic fibrosis. As neurologic dysfunction is one of the most frequent complications of these diseases and may even be the presenting symptom, it is important to be familiar with these complications to foster early recognition and intervention. RECENT FINDINGS Advances have been made in the identification of which patients can safely undergo valvular surgery for treatment of infective endocarditis in the setting of stroke, whic...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - June 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research