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Specialty: Opthalmology

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Total 178 results found since Jan 2013.

Gene transfer to the outflow tract.
Abstract Elevated intraocular pressure is the primary cause of open angle glaucoma. Outflow resistance exists within the trabecular meshwork but also at the level of Schlemm's canal and further downstream within the outflow system. Viral vectors allow to take advantage of naturally evolved, highly efficient mechanisms of gene transfer, a process that is termed transduction. They can be produced at biosafety level 2 in the lab using protocols that have evolved considerably over the last 15-20 years. Applied by an intracameral bolus, vectors follow conventional as well as uveoscleral outflow pathways. They may affec...
Source: Experimental Eye Research - April 26, 2016 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Dang Y, Loewen R, Parikh HA, Roy P, Loewen NA Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Crosstalk between TGFβ and Wnt signaling pathways in the human trabecular meshwork.
In this study, we determined whether there is a crosstalk between the TGFβ/Smad pathway and the canonical Wnt pathway using luciferase reporter assays. Lentiviral luciferase reporter vectors for studying the TGFβ/Smad pathway or the canonical Wnt pathway were transduced into primary human non-glaucomatous TM (NTM) cells. Cells were treated with or without a combination of 5 μg/ml TGFβ2 and/or 100 ng/ml Wnt3a recombinant proteins, and luciferase levels were measured using a plate reader. We found that TGFβ2 inhibited Wnt3a-induced canonical Wnt pathway activation, while Wnt3a inhibited TGFβ2-induced TGFβ/Smad pathw...
Source: Experimental Eye Research - April 13, 2016 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Webber HC, Bermudez JY, Sethi A, Clark AF, Mao W Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Glio-vascular modifications caused by Aquaporin-4 deletion in the mouse retina.
This study is useful to understand the role of AQP4 in the perivascular domain in the retina and its possible implications in the pathogenesis of retinal vascular diseases and of Neuromyelitis Optica, a human disease characterized by anti-AQP4 auto-antibodies. PMID: 27018215 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Experimental Eye Research - March 23, 2016 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Nicchia GP, Pisani F, Simone L, Cibelli A, Mola MG, Monte MD, Frigeri A, Bagnoli P, Svelto M Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Aspergillus fumigatus promotes T helper type 2 responses through thymic stromal lymphopoietin production by human corneal epithelial cells
ConclusionThese findings suggested that HCEC‐derived TSLP has a key role in adaptive immune responses of fungal keratitis via skewing Th2 differentiation and promoting humoral immunity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - January 13, 2016 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Luping Wang, Leyi Wang, Xinyi Wu Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

CtBP2 Regulates TGFβ2-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Through Notch Signaling Pathway in Lens Epithelial Cells.
CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that CtBP2 plays a critical role in TGFβ2-induced EMT via the Jagged/Notch signaling pathway in human LECs and may contribute to the development of PCO. PMID: 26681554 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current Eye Research - December 17, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Zhang G, Kang L, Chen J, Xue Y, Yang M, Qin B, Yang L, Zhang J, Lu H, Guan H Tags: Curr Eye Res Source Type: research

Current treatments for corneal neovascularization.
Authors: Benayoun Y, Petellat F, Leclerc O, Dost L, Dallaudière B, Reddy C, Robert PY, Salomon JL Abstract The extension of blood vessels into the normally avascular stroma defines corneal neovascularization. Though this phenomenon, pathophysiological and clinical features are well characterized, therapeutic modalities have been hindered by a lack of safe, efficacious and non-controversial treatments. In this literature review, we focus on available therapeutic options in light of recent evidence provided by animal and clinical studies. First, this review will focus on pharmacological treatments that target angiog...
Source: Journal Francais d Ophtalmologie - November 28, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Tags: J Fr Ophtalmol Source Type: research

Evaluation of Adenovirus-Mediated Down-Regulation of Connective Tissue Growth Factor on Postoperative Wound Healing After Experimental Glaucoma Surgery.
CONCLUSIONS: Down-regulation of CTGF is effective in inhibiting postoperative scarring in vivo. This suggests that RNAi with CTGF siRNA may potentially pave the road for a novel therapeutic strategy to improve glaucoma surgery results. PMID: 26554857 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current Eye Research - November 10, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Lim DH, Kim TE, Kee C Tags: Curr Eye Res Source Type: research

Involvement of the Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways in Ultraviolet B-Induced Apoptosis of Corneal Epithelial Cells.
Abstract The goal of this study was to elucidate the pathway by which UVB initiates efflux of K(+) and subsequently apoptosis in human corneal limbal epithelial (HCLE) cells. The initial focus of the study was on the extrinsic pathway involving Fas. HCLE cells transfected with Fas siRNA were exposed to 80-150 mJ/cm(2) UVB and incubated in culture medium with 5.5 mM K(+). Knock down of Fas resulted in limited reduction in UVB-induced caspase-8 and -3 activity. Patch-clamp recordings showed no difference in UVB-induced normalized K(+) currents between Fas transfected and control cells. Knockdown of caspase-8 had no ...
Source: Experimental Eye Research - November 8, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Ubels JL, Glupker CD, Schotanus MP, Haarsma LD Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Herpes Virus Entry Mediator in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells Modulates the Production of Inflammatory Cytokines in Response to HSV Type 1 Challenge
Conclusions: HVEM in human corneal epithelial cells may act to dampen the production of some cytokines and chemokines and thus it may modulate the innate immune response against HSV-1. This may provide a novel mechanism for the pathogenesis of HSV-1 infection in the cornea.Ophthalmic Res 2015;54:128-134
Source: Ophthalmic Research - August 31, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Inhibitory effects of PPARγ ligands on TGF-β1-induced CTGF expression in cat corneal fibroblasts.
Abstract Ligands of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor gamma (PPARγ) possess strong anti-fibrotic properties in the cornea and several other body tissues. In the cornea, we recently showed this class of molecules to prevent stromal myofibroblast differentiation partially by blocking the actions of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). However, given the important role assigned to connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in mediating corneal fibrosis, here we asked whether PPARγ ligands also act by affecting transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) 1-induced expression of CTGF in cultured corneal fibro...
Source: Experimental Eye Research - July 1, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Jeon KI, Phipps RP, Sime PJ, Huxlin KR Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Hypoxia inducible factor 1α contributes to regulation of autophagy in retinal detachment.
In this study, we test the hypothesis that autophagy activation in the PR results, at least in part, from the detachment-induced activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF). Retina-RPE separation was created in Brown-Norway rats and C57BL/6J mice by injection of 1% hyaluronic acid into the subretinal space. Retinas were harvested and assayed for HIF protein levels. Cultured 661W photoreceptor cells were subjected to hypoxic conditions and assayed for induction of HIF and autophagy. The requirement of HIF-1α and HIF-2α in regulating photoreceptor autophagy was tested using siRNA in vitro and in vivo. We observed increas...
Source: Experimental Eye Research - June 17, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Shelby SJ, Angadi PS, Zheng QD, Yao J, Jia L, Zacks DN Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Reactive oxygen species activated NLRP3 inflammasomes initiate inflammation in hyperosmolarity stressed human corneal epithelial cells and environment-induced dry eye patients.
Abstract In studies on dry eye (DE) disease, an association has been identified between tear film hyperosmolarity and inflammation severity elicited through receptor-induced increases in proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine release. These immune reactions might be mediated by inflammasomes, macromolecular complexes mounted around the NLRP3 protein and can be activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) over-generation. Hence in this study we determine whether: a) ROS activated NLRP3 inflammasomes mediate hyperosmotic stress-induced inflammation in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs); b) the ROS-NLRP3-IL-1β axi...
Source: Experimental Eye Research - February 18, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Zheng Q, Ren Y, Reinach PS, Xiao B, Lu H, Zhu Y, Qu J, Chen W Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Knockout of {alpha}A-Crystallin Inhibits Ocular Neovascularization Retina
Conclusions. Knockout of αA-crystallin inhibited pathologic neovascularization through the VEGF and VEGFR2 signaling pathways both in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that αA-crystallin could be a novel pharmaceutical target for the prevention of ocular neovascularization.
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - February 5, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Xu, Q., Bai, Y., Huang, L., Zhou, P., Yu, W., Zhao, M. Tags: Retina Source Type: research

Involvement of Intracellular Calcium Mobilization in IL-8 Activation in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Conclusions. Collectively, our findings highlight the important role of intracellular calcium mobilization in the activation of IL-8. These findings may be helpful for the clinical applications in the age-related macular degeneration (AMD) prevention and treatment.
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - February 3, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Yang, I.-H., Wong, J.-H., Chang, C.-M., Chen, B.-K., Tsai, Y.-T., Chen, W.-C., Wang, E. T., Hsu, W.-L., Chang, W.-C. Tags: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Source Type: research

Role of Glutathione Peroxidase 4 in Conjunctival Epithelial Cells Cornea
Conclusion. These results suggest that GPx4 is essential for maintaining oxidative homeostasis and keeping defense against oxidative stress in conjunctival epithelial cells.
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - January 21, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Sakai, O., Uchida, T., Imai, H., Ueta, T., Amano, S. Tags: Cornea Source Type: research