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Specialty: Opthalmology

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Total 178 results found since Jan 2013.

TSLP-activated dendritic cells induce T helper type 2 inflammation in Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis.
Abstract Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an IL-7-like cytokine, which is secreted by epithelial cells under the stimulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. Dendritic cells (DCs) which express the thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor (TSLPR) can be activated by TSLP. Mature DCs can express the OX40 ligand, which has the ability to combine with OX40 on the surface of T cells to stimulate T cell proliferation. TSLP secreted by corneal epithelial cells can engage in the process of T helper type 2 (Th2) inflammation in Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis, but the mechanism remains unclear. We demonstrated that...
Source: Experimental Eye Research - March 14, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Sun L, Chen C, Wu J, Dai C, Wu X Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Effects of microRNA ‐133b on retinal vascular endothelial cell proliferation and apoptosis through angiotensinogen‐mediated angiotensin II‐ extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 signalling pathway in rats with diabetic retinopathy
ConclusionThe study provides data to suggest that miR‐133b induces proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of retinal vascular endothelial cells by targeting AGT through the AngII‐ERK1/2 signalling pathway in DR rats.
Source: Acta Ophthalmologica - February 28, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Tao ‐Tao Liu, Qian Hao, Yan Zhang, Zhao‐Hui Li, Zhi‐Hua Cui, Wei Yang Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

A potential role for Eph receptor signalling during migration of corneal endothelial cells.
In this study we demonstrate that cultures of corneal endothelial cells display reduced migration in scratch wound assays, and reduced levels of E-cadherin mRNA, following suppression of ligand-activated Eph receptor signalling by treatment with lithocholic acid. Two Eph receptors, EphA1 and EphA2, were subsequently detected in corneal endothelial cells, and their potential involvement during migration was explored through gene silencing using siRNAs. EphA2 siRNA reduced levels of mRNA for both EphA2 and N-cadherin, but increased levels of mRNA for both EphA1 and E-cadherin. No effect, however, was observed for EphA2 siRNA...
Source: Experimental Eye Research - February 21, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Walshe J, Richardson NA, Al Abdulsalam NK, Stephenson SA, Harkin DG Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Beta2 adrenergic receptor silencing change intraocular pressure in New Zealand rabbits
Conclusion The use of siRNA against the beta2 adrenergic receptors could provide an interesting therapeutic strategy for glaucoma treatment.
Source: Journal of Optometry - November 11, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Melatonin synthesis in the human ciliary body triggered by TRPV4 activation: Involvement of AANAT phosphorylation.
In conclusion, the activation of calmodulin and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II was confirmed, as shown by the cascade seen in AANAT phosphorylation (***p < 0.001, n = 4). This mechanism was also established by measuring N-acetyl serotonin and melatonin levels. In conclusion, the activation of a TRPV4 present in human ciliary body epithelial cells produced an increase in AANAT phosphorylation and a further melatonin increase by a mechanism in which Ca-calmodulin and the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II are involved. PMID: 28655604 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Experimental Eye Research - June 24, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Alkozi HA, Perez de Lara MJ, Pintor J Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Anoctamin2 (TMEM16B) forms the Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channel in the retinal pigment epithelium.
Abstract Chloride channels (Cl channels) play an essential role for the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). They provide a plasma membrane conductance for Cl(-) important for transepithelial transport and volume regulation. Ca(2+)-dependent chloride channels (CaCC) in the RPE were found to adapt Cl(-) transport to specific needs by increasing intracellular free Ca(2+). Although a variety of Cl channels have been identified in the RPE, the molecular identity of the CaCC remains controversial. Sagittal sections of mouse retina were stained against anoctamin2 (Ano2) and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Membrane current...
Source: Experimental Eye Research - December 7, 2016 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Keckeis S, Reichhart N, Roubeix C, Strauß O Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Nrf2 protects photoreceptor cells from photo-oxidative stress induced by blue light.
In this study, we evaluated the effect of blue light exposure on photoreceptors and its relationship to Nrf2 using cultured murine photoreceptor (661W) cells. 661W cells were exposed to blue light at 2500 lux. Exposure to blue light for 6-24 h resulted in a significant increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and death of 661W cells in a time-dependent fashion. Blue light exposure resulted in activation of Nrf2, as indicated by an increase in nuclear translocation of Nrf2. This was associated with a significant induction of expression of Nrf2 as well as an array of Nrf2 target genes, including antioxidant g...
Source: Experimental Eye Research - December 2, 2016 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Chen WJ, Wu C, Xu Z, Kuse Y, Hara H, Duh EJ Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Role of PTX3 in corneal epithelial innate immunity against Aspergillus fumigatus infection.
Abstract Pentraxin3 (PTX3), a member of long pentraxin family, plays a non-redundant role in human humoral innate immunity. However, whether PTX3 is expressed by corneal epithelial cells and its role during corneal fungi infection has not yet been investigated. To identify the presence of PTX3 in cornea, the possible mechanisms involved in its expression, and also the effects on corneal anti-fungi innate immune response, clinic human corneal tissues and cultured human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) were resorted. PTX3 mRNA and protein were detected in corneal samples and cultured HCECs, which was significantly u...
Source: Experimental Eye Research - November 22, 2016 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Zhang J, Zhao G, Lin J, Che C, Li C, Jiang N, Hu L, Wang Q Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

TNF-R1 and FADD mediate UVB-Induced activation of K(+) channels in corneal epithelial cells.
Abstract The goal of this study was to elucidate the role of Fas, TNF-R1, FADD and cytochrome c in UVB-induced K(+) channel activation, an early step in UVB-induced apoptosis, in human corneal limbal epithelial (HCLE) cells. HCLE cells were treated with Fas, TNF-R1 or FADD siRNA and exposed to 80 or 150 mJ/cm(2) UVB. K(+) channel activation and loss of intracellular K(+) were measured using whole-cell patch-clamp recording and ion chromatography, respectively. Cytochrome c was measured with an ELISA kit. Cells in which Fas was knocked down exhibited identical UVB-induced K(+) channel activation and loss of intrac...
Source: Experimental Eye Research - November 2, 2016 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Boersma PM, Haarsma LD, Schotanus MP, Ubels JL Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Is glutamate dehydrogenase in astrocytes one of the keys to control brain glutamate homeostasis?
SummaryBrain glutamate concentration needs to be balanced to avoid excitoxicity. Following glutamatergic neurotransmission astrocytes are responsible for clearance of the synaptic cleft via glutamate transporters. In the astrocyte the conversion of glutamate to glutamine is an essential part of the glutamate‐glutamine cycle. But, a substantial amount of glutamate is oxidatively metabolized in the mitochondria, which to a large extent may be dependent on glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). Thus, astrocytes are likely the main regulator of the brain glutamate concentration, but how do they do it? We have investigated the role o...
Source: Acta Ophthalmologica - September 13, 2016 Category: Opthalmology Authors: H. Waagepetersen Tags: Abstracts from the 2016 European Association for Vision and Eye Research Conference Source Type: research

Regulating gene expression towards solving ocular surface diseases
SummaryTreatment of genetic eye disease poses significant medical and surgical challenges. We used a bioluminescent corneal reporter gene mouse model to assess efficacy and potency of a number of gene therapy approaches for corneal dystrophy. Various modalities were assessed for delivery of short interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting one of five mutant alleles present in the corneal bioluminescent mouse model enabling assessment of topical, subconjunctival and intrastromal delivery. Potent and sustained in vivo gene silencing >50% for up to 7 days was observed. This siRNA therapy only provides a transient silencing of the ...
Source: Acta Ophthalmologica - September 13, 2016 Category: Opthalmology Authors: T. Moore, S. Atkinson, E. Maurizi, D. Schiroli, L. Mairs, K. Christie, I. McLean, E. Allen, D.L. Pedrioli, J. Moore, A. Nesbit Tags: Abstracts from the 2016 European Association for Vision and Eye Research Conference Source Type: research

In vitro evaluation of anti HSV ‐1 siRNAs and in vivo evaluation of electroporation to transfect siRNAs on murine cornea
ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that siRNA directed against HSV‐1 DNA polymerase efficiently inhibits HSV‐1 replication, suggesting that siRNA based antiviral strategy may be a potential therapeutic alternative to treat HSK. Besides, intracorneal penetration may be facilitated by electroporation.
Source: Acta Ophthalmologica - September 13, 2016 Category: Opthalmology Authors: A. Rousseau, V. Escriou, P. Roy, N. Poccardi, J. Takissian, P. Bigey, M. Labetoulle Tags: Abstracts from the 2016 European Association for Vision and Eye Research Conference Source Type: research

Cytoprotective alpha crystallins in the regulation of RPE cell proteostasis
SummaryAlphaB‐Crystallin (αBC) is an ubiquitous protein with dual function as a molecular chaperone to preserve proteostasis and as an anti‐apoptotic agent. We studied the regulatory role of αBC in murine models of oxygen‐induced retinopathy (OIR), laser‐induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and subretinal fibrosis (SF). αBC KO attenuated retinal NV in OIR as compared to WT. In the laser model, CNV lesion size was significantly reduced in αBC KO vs. WT mice. VEGF increased 8 fold in WT vs. αBC KO on day 3 and 7 post‐laser and VEGF secretion was lower in αBC KO vs. WT. Increased mono (tetra)‐ubiquitin...
Source: Acta Ophthalmologica - September 13, 2016 Category: Opthalmology Authors: R. Kannan Tags: Abstracts from the 2016 European Association for Vision and Eye Research Conference Source Type: research

CD25 siRNA induces Treg/Th1 cytokine expression in rat corneal transplantation models.
In conclusion, CD25 siRNA gene therapy played a protective role in corneal graft rejection via up-regulation of Treg cytokine expression and down-regulation of Th1 cytokine expression. PMID: 27567557 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Experimental Eye Research - August 23, 2016 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Qin Q, Luo D, Shi Y, Zhao Q, Chen Y, Wu J, Zhao M Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Role of Glutathione Peroxidase 4 in Corneal Endothelial Cells.
CONCLUSION: These results suggest that GPx4 is an important antioxidant enzyme for maintaining redox status and protecting corneal endothelial cells from oxidative stress. PMID: 27420751 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current Eye Research - July 14, 2016 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Uchida T, Sakai O, Imai H, Ueta T Tags: Curr Eye Res Source Type: research