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Infectious Disease: Gastroenteritis

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Total 121 results found since Jan 2013.

Effect of fibulin-5 on adhesion, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via an integrin-dependent mechanism.
CONCLUSION: These results suggest that lower FBLN-5 expression is an important indicator of poor survival and that FBLN-5 inhibits HCC motility via an integrin-dependent mechanism. RGD-dependent suppression of MMP-7 by FBLN-5 might contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies for HCC. PMID: 26494967 [PubMed - in process]
Source: World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG - October 21, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Tang JC, Liu JH, Liu XL, Liang X, Cai XJ Tags: World J Gastroenterol Source Type: research

Antibacterial effect of mesenchymal stem cells against Escherichia coli is mediated by secretion of beta‐defensin‐2 via toll like receptor 4 signaling
This study was done to elucidate the mechanism underlying the antibacterial effects of MSCs. The growth of E. coli in vitro was significantly inhibited only by MSCs or their conditioned medium with bacterial preconditioning, but not by fibroblasts or their conditioned medium. Microarray analysis identified significant up‐regulation of toll like receptors (TLR)‐2 and TLR‐4, and β‐defensin 2 (BD2) in MSCs compared with fibroblasts after E. coli exposure. The increased BD2 level and the in vitro antibacterial effects of MSCs were abolished by specific antagonist or by siRNA‐mediated knockdown of TLR‐4, but not TL...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - September 1, 2015 Category: Microbiology Authors: Dong Kyung Sung, Yun Sil Chang, Se In Sung, Hye Soo Yoo, So Yoon Ahn, Won Soon Park Tags: Research article Source Type: research

Abstract 905: Influence of high fat diet and APC status on epigenetic regulation of FXR in colon cells
We examined the effects on CpG pmethylation of Fxr, and expression of FXR, peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA. Also, we studied the influence of APC status on CpG methylation of the Fxr gene, and expression of FXR, ileal bile acid-binding protein (IBABP), small heterodimer partner (SHP), and COX-2 mRNA in normal colonic mucosa and colon tumors from APCMin/+ mice. Mice fed the HFD had reduced (60%) Fxr promoter methylation and increased (2∼3-fold) FXR, COX-2, and PPARγ mRNA levels. Conversely, APC-deficiency was associated with constitutive hypermethylation of the...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Selmin, O. I., Lyon, A. M., Fang, C., Doetschman, T. C., Thompson, P. A., Martinez, J. D., Smith, J., Lance, P. M., Romagnolo, D. F. Tags: Prevention Research Source Type: research

Abstract 694: Structure-function analysis of RPL18A, a putative binding target of rigosertib
Rigosertib (ON 01910.Na; RGS) is a clinical stage anticancer agent that causes spindle abnormalities and mitotic arrest in neoplastic cells. The drug inhibits PI3K and PLK1 signaling pathways, down regulates cyclin D1 expression and induces apoptosis. Previously, we reported identification of RPL18A (L18A), a protein from the large ribosomal subunit, as a putative binding target of RGS [Proc. AACR 2014, #4595]. Knock-down of L18A with siRNA caused apoptosis in cancer cell lines. Role of L18A in the function of the ribosome is not known. Goal of this study was to conduct structure-function analysis of L18A and create defici...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Oussenko, I. A., Gupta, Y. K., Vasquez-Del Carpio, R., Ramana-Reddy, M. V., Aggarwal, A. K., Reddy, E. P., Holland, J. F., Ohnuma, T. Tags: Experimental and Molecular Therapeutics Source Type: research

Negative feedback circuit for toll like receptor-8 activation in human embryonic Kidney 293 using outer membrane vesicle delivered bi-specific siRNA
Background: TLR8 assists in antiviral approach by producing Type 1 INF via MyD88 dependent IRF7 pathway. However, over expression of INFα/β molecule poses threat by developing tolerance in chronic infection cases and enhancing inflammatory response. Here we report a bi-specific siRNA based complex which differentially activates and silences the TLR8 and MYD88 respectively in a negatively regulated fashion. Results: Outer membrane vesicle from Escherichia coli used for siRNA delivery was observed more efficient when attached with invasive protein Ail along with OmpA (P 
Source: BMC Immunology - July 23, 2015 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Anurag AdhikariBirendra GuptaKrishna ManandharShravan MishraHari SaijuRajendra ShresthaNawneet MishraShishir Sharma Source Type: research

Molecular insights into a tetraspanin in the hydatid tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus
Conclusions: This is the first report characterizing a tetraspanin from the tapeworm E. granulosus. Our results suggest that Eg-TSP1 is associated with biogenesis of the tegument and maintenance of structural integrity of E. granulosus and could therefore be a candidate intervention target for control of hydatid disease.
Source: Parasites and Vectors - June 10, 2015 Category: Microbiology Authors: Dandan HuXingju SongYue XieXiuqin ZhongNing WangYu ZhengXiaobin GuTao WangXuerong PengGuangyou Yang Source Type: research

Novel Host Proteins and Signaling Pathways in Enteropathogenic E. coli Pathogenesis Identified by Global Phosphoproteome Analysis.
Abstract Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) uses a type III secretion system (T3SS) to directly translocate effector proteins into host cells where they play a pivotal role in subverting host cell signaling needed for disease. However, our knowledge of how EPEC affects host protein phosphorylation is limited to a few individual protein studies. We employed a quantitative proteomics approach to globally map alterations in the host phosphoproteome during EPEC infection. By characterizing host phosphorylation events at various time points throughout infection, we examined how EPEC dynamically impacts the host p...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Proteomics : MCP - May 5, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Scholz R, Imami K, Scott NE, Trimble WS, Foster LJ, Finlay BB Tags: Mol Cell Proteomics Source Type: research

JAK1/STAT3 activation directly inhibits IL-12 production in dendritic cells by preventing CDK9/P-TEFb recruitment to the p35 promoter.
Abstract Inhibition of Janus-activated kinase-1 (JAK1) is a promising clinical concept for post-transplant immunosuppression and autoimmunity. However, it also raises concerns regarding possible immunosuppressive side effects. Our study investigates JAK1 signalling in the context of CD40L and bacterially activated human MoDC using siRNA and biological inhibitors. We demonstrate that strong stimuli (e.g. intact E. coli or LPS in addition to IL-1β) induce IL-12p70 via a ROS/RELA/CDK9 pathway that is inhibited by simultaneous JAK1/STAT3 signalling. Transcription is effective if RELA recruits the positive transcripti...
Source: Biochemical Pharmacology - April 27, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Wagner AH, Conzelmann M, Fitzer F, Giese T, Gülow K, Falk CS, Krämer OH, Dietrich S, Hecker M, Luft T Tags: Biochem Pharmacol Source Type: research

TSPAN8 , identified by Escherichia coli ampicillin secretion trap, is associated with cell growth and invasion in gastric cancer
Conclusion These results suggest that tetraspanin 8 is involved in tumor progression and is an independent prognostic classifier in patients with GC.
Source: Gastric Cancer - February 25, 2015 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Pannexin 1 Channels Mediate the Release of ATP into the Lumen of the Rat Urinary Bladder.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 25630792 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Journal of Physiology - January 29, 2015 Category: Physiology Authors: Beckel JM, Daugherty SL, Tyagi P, Wolf-Johnston AS, Birder LA, Mitchell CH, de Groat WC Tags: J Physiol Source Type: research

The toll-like receptor family protein RP105/MD1 complex is involved in the immunoregulatory effect of exopolysaccharides from Lactobacillus plantarum N14
Publication date: Available online 13 November 2014 Source:Molecular Immunology Author(s): Yo Murofushi , Julio Villena , Kyoko Morie , Paulraj Kanmani , Masanori Tohno , Tomoyuki Shimazu , Hisashi Aso , Yoshihito Suda , Kenji Hashiguchi , Tadao Saito , Haruki Kitazawa The radioprotective 105 (RP105)/MD1 complex is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family. It was reported that RP105/MD1 cooperates with the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor TLR4/MD2 complex and plays a crucial role in the response of immune cells to LPS. This work evaluated whether RP105, TLR4 or TLR2 were involved in the immunoregulatory capacitie...
Source: Molecular Immunology - November 14, 2014 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

siRNAs encapsulated in Recombinant Capsid protein derived from Dengue serotype 2 virus inhibits the four serotypes of the virus and proliferation of cancer cells
In this study we have evaluated the utility of the protein as an siRNA carrier for anti Dengue viral and anti cancer applications using cell culture systems. We show that target specific siRNAs delivered using the capsid protein inhibit infection by the four serotypes of Dengue virus and proliferation of two cancer cell lines. Our data confirm the potential of the capsid for anti Dengue viral and anti cancer RNAi applications. In addition, we have optimized a fermentation strategy to improve the yield of E. coli expressed D2C protein since the reported yield of E.coli expressed flaviviral capsid proteins are low.
Source: Journal of Biotechnology - November 13, 2014 Category: Biotechnology Source Type: research

Oligophrenin-1 Is Associated with Cell Adhesion and Migration in Prostate Cancer
Conclusion: These results suggest that oligophrenin-1 is involved in tumor progression in PCa.Pathobiology 2014;81:190-198
Source: Pathobiology - November 7, 2014 Category: Pathology Source Type: research

Molecular methods to investigate adhesion, transmigration, invasion and intracellular survival of the foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni
Publication date: October 2013 Source:Journal of Microbiological Methods, Volume 95, Issue 1 Author(s): Steffen Backert , Dirk Hofreuter Campylobacter jejuni is a spiral-shaped Gram-negative pathogen and major agent of gastrointestinal foodborne illness in humans worldwide. This pathogen encodes numerous described pathogenicity-associated factors involved in important processes including bacterial adhesion to, transmigration across, invasion into and intracellular survival within intestinal epithelial cells. This review article highlights various molecular techniques applied in the studies of each of these individual ste...
Source: Journal of Microbiological Methods - November 4, 2014 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Shigella subverts the host recycling compartment to rupture its vacuole.
Abstract Shigella enters epithlial cells via internalization into a vacuole. Subsequent vacuolar membrane rupture allows bacterial escape into the cytosol for replication and cell-to-cell spread. Bacterial effectors such as IpgD, a PI(4,5)P2 phosphatase that generates PI(5)P and alters host actin, facilitate this internalization. Here, we identify host proteins involved in Shigella uptake and vacuolar membrane rupture by high-content siRNA screening and subsequently focus on Rab11, a constituent of the recycling compartment. Rab11-positive vesicles are recruited to the invasion site before vacuolar rupture, and Ra...
Source: Cell Host and Microbe - October 8, 2014 Category: Microbiology Authors: Mellouk N, Weiner A, Aulner N, Schmitt C, Elbaum M, Shorte SL, Danckaert A, Enninga J Tags: Cell Host Microbe Source Type: research