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LncRNA XIST mediates bovine mammary epithelial cell inflammatory response via NF ‐κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway
ConclusionsThe expression of XIST was promoted by activated NF ‐κB pathway and, in turn, XIST generated a negative feedback loop to regulate NF‐κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway for mediating the process of inflammation.
Source: Cell Proliferation - October 25, 2018 Category: Cytology Authors: Mengru Ma, Yifei Pei, Xixi Wang, Jiaxin Feng, Yong Zhang, Ming ‐Qing Gao Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Label-free detection of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) using a rationally designed F örster resonance energy transfer (FRET) probe.
Label-free detection of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) using a rationally designed Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) probe. Chembiochem. 2018 Sep 20;: Authors: Durgannavar T, Kwon SJ, Ghisaidoobe ABT, Rho K, Kim JH, Yoon SY, Kang HJ, Chung SJ Abstract A highly selective detection method of native protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is described using a target specific probe equipped with 1-naphthylamine (Ex = 330 nm, Em = 445 nm). Irradiation of a mixture of PTP1B and Probe 1 with ultraviolet light of 280 nm (correspon6ding to PTP1B excitation maximum) resulted in significant fluo...
Source: Chembiochem - September 20, 2018 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Durgannavar T, Kwon SJ, Ghisaidoobe ABT, Rho K, Kim JH, Yoon SY, Kang HJ, Chung SJ Tags: Chembiochem Source Type: research

Porcine sapovirus Cowden strain enters LLC-PK cells via clathrin- and cholesterol-dependent endocytosis with the requirement of dynamin II
AbstractCaliciviruses in the genusSapovirus are a significant cause of viral gastroenteritis in humans and animals. However, the mechanism of their entry into cells is not well characterized. Here, we determined the entry mechanism of porcine sapovirus (PSaV) strain Cowden into permissive LLC-PK cells. The inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis using chlorpromazine, siRNAs, and a dominant negative (DN) mutant blocked entry and infection of PSaV Cowden strain, confirming a role for clathrin-mediated internalization. Entry and infection were also inhibited by the cholesterol-sequestering drug methyl- β-cyclodextrin and...
Source: Veterinary Research - September 17, 2018 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

MerTK Downregulates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation Through SOCS1 Protein but Does Not Affect Phagocytosis of Escherichia coli in Macrophages
AbstractBacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces inflammatory responsevia toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). However, this response must be strictly regulated because unbalanced overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines can lead to tissue damage and even be fatal. Herein, we explore whether Mer receptor tyrosine kinase (MerTK) regulatesEscherichia coli (E.coli) LPS-induced inflammation and mediates phagocytosis ofE.coli by macrophages. The results showed that LPS activated TLR4 signaling pathway and induced MerTK pathway in RAW264.7 macrophages, including suppressor of cytokine signaling1 (SOCS1). Preincubation with MerTK-s...
Source: Inflammation - August 24, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

SslE (YghJ), a Cell-Associated and Secreted Lipoprotein of Neonatal Septicemic Escherichia coli, Induces Toll-Like Receptor 2-Dependent Macrophage Activation and Proinflammation through NF-{kappa}B and MAP Kinase Signaling Host Response and Inflammation
In this study, we showed that SslE specifically binds to Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)/TLR1 heterodimers and recruits downstream adaptors MyD88, TIRAP, and TRAF6. In addition, SslE stimulates nuclear translocation of NF-B and activates different mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling cascades specific to the secretion of each cytokine in murine macrophages, which becomes impaired in TLR2 small interfering RNA (siRNA)-transfected cells and in cells blocked with a monoclonal antibody (MAb) against TLR2, suggesting the involvement of TLR2 in NF-B and MAP kinase activation and subsequent cytokine secretion. Furthermore...
Source: Infection and Immunity - August 22, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Tapader, R., Bose, D., Dutta, P., Das, S., Pal, A. Tags: Host Response and Inflammation Source Type: research

Ginsenoside Rb1 increases macrophage phagocytosis through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/Akt pathway
ConclusionThese results suggest that ginsenoside Rb1 enhances the phagocytic capacity of macrophages for bacteria via activation of the p38/Akt pathway. Rb1 may be a useful pharmacological adjuvant for the treatment of bacterial infections in clinically relevant conditions.
Source: Journal of Ginseng Research - July 10, 2018 Category: Complementary Medicine Source Type: research

The action mechanism of lncRNA-HOTAIR on the drug resistance of non-small cell lung cancer by regulating Wnt signaling pathway.
Authors: Guo F, Cao Z, Guo H, Li S Abstract The action mechanism of long non-coding ribonucleic acid-homeobox transcript antisense ribonucleic acid (lncRNA-HOTAIR) in the regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway on the drug resistance of non-small cell lung cancer was investigated. Forty eight patients with non-small cell lung cancer, who were treated with cisplatin (DDP) as neoadjuvant chemotherapy, were selected from the specimen bank of the Department of Pathology of Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the messenger RNA (mRNA) level of...
Source: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine - May 30, 2018 Category: General Medicine Tags: Exp Ther Med Source Type: research

SM22 is required for the maintenance of actin-rich structures generated during bacterial infections.
Abstract The host actin cytoskeleton is utilized by an assortment of pathogenic bacteria to colonize and cause disease in their hosts. Two prominently studied actin-hijacking bacteria are enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and Listeria monocytogenes. EPEC form actin-rich pedestals atop its host cells to move across the intestinal epithelia, while Listeria monocytogenes generate branched actin networks arranged as actin clouds around the bacteria and as comet tails for propulsion within and amongst their host cells. Previous mass spectrometry analysis revealed that a member of the calponin family of actin-bun...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - May 17, 2018 Category: Cytology Authors: Chua MD, Hipolito KJ, Singerr OB, Solway J, Guttman JA Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

Construction of a plasmid vector containing epidermal growth factor receptor and C-Jun shRNA
The objective of this study was to construct a plasmid vector for EGFR-hm-1 and C-Junh-825 small interfering RNA (siRNA). EGFR-hm-1 and C-Jun-hm-825 oligonucleotide fragments were synthesized and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) were amplified by PCR. Plasmids were isolated from E. coli TOP10 bacterium by restriction enzyme digestion using pst1 and BamH1 and oligonucleotide fragments were cloned into the pSilencer plasmid containing the U6 promoter. Recombinant clones were generated by transforming JM109 competent cells with plasmid vectors containing shRNA molecules. 58 base-paired EGFR-hm-1 and 59 base-paired C-Jun-hm-825 oligo...
Source: Archives of Dermatological Research - January 20, 2018 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research

Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of monodisperse amino-functional polyester dendrimers with rapid degradability and antibacterial properties.
Abstract Amine functional polymers, especially cationically charged, are interesting biomacromolecules for several reasons including easy cell membrane entrance, their ability to escape endosomes through the proton sponge effect, spontaneous complexation and delivery of drugs and siRNA and simple functionalization in aqueous solutions. Dendrimers, a subclass of precision polymers, are monodisperse and exhibit a large and exact number of peripheral end groups in relation to their size and have shown promise in drug delivery, biomedical imaging and as anti-viral agents. In this work, hydroxyl functional dendrimers o...
Source: Biomacromolecules - November 13, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Stenström P, Hjort E, Zhang Y, Andrén OCJ, Guette-Marquet S, Schultzberg M, Malkoch M Tags: Biomacromolecules Source Type: research

Unconventional Myosin ID is Involved in Remyelination After Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination.
Abstract Myelin, which is a multilamellar structure that sheathes the axon, is essential for normal neuronal function. In the central nervous system (CNS), myelin is produced by oligodendrocytes (OLs), which wrap their plasma membrane around axons. The dynamic membrane trafficking system, which relies on motor proteins, is required for myelin formation and maintenance. Previously, we reported that myosin ID (Myo1d) is distributed in rat CNS myelin and is especially enriched in the outer and inner cytoplasm-containing loops. Further, small interfering RNA (siRNA) treatment highlighted the involvement of Myo1d in th...
Source: Neurochemical Research - October 6, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Yamazaki R, Baba H, Yamaguchi Y Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Abstract A31: Targeting APC loss using synthetic lethality in Colorectal Cancer
Conclusions: We have identified seven genes as potential therapeutic targets and a number of FDA-approved compounds, which could potentially be new selective therapies for 80% of CRC patients. Currently we are validating these findings and investigating the mechanism of synthetic lethality with APC mutation. To further validate our findings we are also exploring whether these results extend to other CRC cell lines with different mutational backgrounds, this will help us access how many patients may benefit from our novel therapeutic targets.Acknowledgments: We would like to thank Bowel and Cancer Research and The Rosetree ...
Source: Molecular Cancer Therapeutics - October 2, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Shailes, H., Bridge, G., Foxler, D., Sharp, T. V., Silver, A., Martin, S. A. Tags: Finding Synthetic Lethal Interactions through Functional Genomics: Poster Presentations - Proffered Abstracts Source Type: research

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