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Irsogladine maleate inhibits Porphyromonas gingivalis‐mediated expression of toll‐like receptor 2 and interleukin‐8 in human gingival epithelial cells
ConclusionThese results suggest that IM suppresses the induction of IL‐8 production by regulating increased levels of TLR2.
Source: Journal of Periodontal Research - September 20, 2014 Category: Dentistry Authors: I. J. Savitri, K. Ouhara, T. Fujita, M. Kajiya, T. Miyagawa, M. Kittaka, M. Yamakawa, H. Shiba, H. Kurihara Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Noncanonical Inflammasome Activation of Caspase-4/Caspase-11 Mediates Epithelial Defenses against Enteric Bacterial Pathogens.
Abstract Inflammasome-mediated host defenses have been extensively studied in innate immune cells. Whether inflammasomes function for innate defense in intestinal epithelial cells, which represent the first line of defense against enteric pathogens, remains unknown. We observed enhanced Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium colonization in the intestinal epithelium of caspase-11-deficient mice, but not at systemic sites. In polarized epithelial monolayers, siRNA-mediated depletion of caspase-4, a human ortholog of caspase-11, also led to increased bacterial colonization. Decreased rates of pyroptotic cell death...
Source: Cell Host and Microbe - August 13, 2014 Category: Microbiology Authors: Knodler LA, Crowley SM, Sham HP, Yang H, Wrande M, Ma C, Ernst RK, Steele-Mortimer O, Celli J, Vallance BA Tags: Cell Host Microbe Source Type: research

Disruption of macrophage pro-inflammatory cytokine release in Crohn's disease is associated with reduced optineurin expression in a subset of patients.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 24943399 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Immunology - June 18, 2014 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Smith A, Sewell G, Levine A, Chew T, Dunne J, O'Shea N, Smith P, Harrison P, Macdonald C, Bloom S, Segal A Tags: Immunology Source Type: research

The focal complex of epithelial cells provides a signalling platform for interleukin‐8 induction in response to bacterial pathogens
We examined the interaction of several bacterial pathogens with host cells, including Campylobacter jejuni, to determine if the FC is required for induction of chemokine signalling in response to bacterial pathogens. Our data indicate that secretion of IL‐8 is triggered by C. jejuni, Helicobacter pylori and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in response to engagement of β1 integrins. Additionally, we found that the secretion of IL‐8 from C. jejuni infected epithelial cells requires FAK, Src and paxillin, which in turn are necessary for Erk 1/2 recruitment and activation. Targeting the FC component paxillin with s...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - June 2, 2014 Category: Microbiology Authors: Tyson P. Eucker, Derrick R. Samuelson, Mary Hunzicker‐Dunn, Michael E. Konkel Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

The focal complex of epithelial cells provides a signaling platform for interleukin‐8 induction in response to bacterial pathogens
We examined the interaction of several bacterial pathogens with host cells, including Campylobacter jejuni, to determine if the FC is required for induction of chemokine signaling in response to bacterial pathogens. Our data indicate that secretion of IL‐8 is triggered by C. jejuni, Helicobacter pylori, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in response to engagement of β1 integrins. Additionally, we found that the secretion of IL‐8 from C. jejuni infected epithelial cells requires FAK, Src, and paxillin, which in turn are necessary for Erk 1/2 recruitment and activation. Targeting the FC component paxillin with ...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - April 29, 2014 Category: Microbiology Authors: Tyson P. Eucker, Derrick R. Samuelson, Mary Hunzicker‐Dunn, Michael E. Konkel Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

The ether lipid precursor hexadecylglycerol protects against Shiga toxins.
Abstract Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli bacteria cause hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans. Currently, only supportive treatment is available for diagnosed patients. We show here that 24-h pretreatment with an ether lipid precursor, the alkylglycerol sn-1-O-hexadecylglycerol (HG), protects HEp-2 cells against Shiga toxin and Shiga toxin 2. Also the endothelial cell lines HMEC-1 and HBMEC are protected against Shiga toxins after HG pretreatment. In contrast, the corresponding acylglycerol, DL-α-palmitin, has no effect on Shiga toxicity. Although HG treatment provides a strong protec...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS - April 18, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Bergan J, Skotland T, Lingelem AB, Simm R, Spilsberg B, Lindbäck T, Sylvänne T, Simolin H, Ekroos K, Sandvig K Tags: Cell Mol Life Sci Source Type: research

Dynamin-related protein Drp1 and mitochondria are important for Shigella flexneri infection.
In this study the role of the mitochondrial fission protein, Drp1 during Shigella infection in HeLa cells was examined. Significant lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was detected in the culture supernatant when HeLa cells were infected with Shigella at a high multiplicity of infection. Drp1 inhibition with Mdivi-1 and siRNA knockdown significantly reduced LDH release. HeLa cell death was also accompanied by mitochondrial fragmentation. Tubular mitochondrial networks were partially restored when Drp1 was depleted with either siRNA or inhibited with Mdivi-1. Surprisingly either Mdivi-1 treatment or Drp1 siRNA-depletion of ...
Source: International Journal of Medical Microbiology - April 3, 2014 Category: Microbiology Authors: Lum M, Morona R Tags: Int J Med Microbiol Source Type: research

High-level expression, purification, and characterization of bifunctional ScFv-9R fusion protein.
In conclusion, we use Sumo fusion system to acquire high-level production, soluble expression, and bifunctional activity of ScFv-9R in E. coli. Our results also revealed that ScFv-9R, as a novel carrier, may have potential applications in antitumor studies and pharmaceutical development. PMID: 24519456 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology - February 12, 2014 Category: Microbiology Authors: Zhang X, Xie J, Sun Y, Xu H, Du T, Liu Z, Chen J, Zheng Z, Liu K, Zhang J, Kan M, Li X, Xiao Y Tags: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol Source Type: research

End-binding protein 1 (EB1) up-regulation is an early event in colorectal carcinogenesis
Highlights: Abstract: End-binding protein (EB1) is a microtubule protein that binds to the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). While EB1 is implicated as a potential oncogene, its role in cancer progression is unknown. Therefore, we analyzed EB1/APC expression at the earliest stages of colorectal carcinogenesis and in the uninvolved mucosa (“field effect”) of human and animal tissue. We also performed siRNA-knockdown in colon cancer cell lines. EB1 is up-regulated in early and field carcinogenesis in the colon, and the cellular/nano-architectural effect of EB1 knockdown depended on the genetic context. T...
Source: FEBS Letters - February 3, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Yolanda Stypula-Cyrus, Nikhil N. Mutyal, Mart Dela Cruz, Dhananjay P. Kunte, Andrew J. Radosevich, Ramesh Wali, Hemant K. Roy, Vadim Backman Tags: Research Letters Source Type: research

Dusp16 in Innate Immune Cells Immunology
MAPK activity is negatively regulated by members of the dual specificity phosphatase (Dusp) family, which differ in expression, substrate specificity, and subcellular localization. Here, we investigated the function of Dusp16/MKP-7 in the innate immune system. The Dusp16 isoforms A1 and B1 were inducibly expressed in macrophages and dendritic cells following Toll-like receptor stimulation. A gene trap approach was used to generate Dusp16-deficient mice. Homozygous Dusp16tp/tp mice developed without gross abnormalities but died perinatally. Fetal liver cells from Dusp16tp/tp embryos efficiently reconstituted the lymphoid an...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - January 24, 2014 Category: Chemistry Authors: Niedzielska, M., Bodendorfer, B., Munch, S., Eichner, A., Derigs, M., da Costa, O., Schweizer, A., Neff, F., Nitschke, L., Sparwasser, T., Keyse, S. M., Lang, R. Tags: Signal Transduction Source Type: research

Invasion of epithelial cells by Campylobacter jejuni is independent of caveolae
: Caveolae are 25-100 nm flask-like membrane structures enriched in cholesterol and glycosphingolipids. Researchers have proposed that Campylobacter jejuni require caveolae for cell invasion based on the finding that treatment of cells with the cholesterol-depleting compounds filipin III or methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MbetaCD) block bacterial internalization in a dose-dependent manner. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of caveolae and caveolin-1, a principal component of caveolae, in C. jejuni internalization. Consistent with previous work, we found that the treatment of HeLa cells with MbetaCD inhibited C....
Source: Cell Communication and Signaling - December 23, 2013 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Michael KonkelDerrick SamuelsonTyson EuckerEric SheldenJason O'Loughlin Source Type: research

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced autophagy is involved in the restriction of Escherichia coli in peritoneal mesothelial cells
Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated for the first time that LPS-induced autophagy in peritoneal mesothelial cells could enhance the intracellular bactericidal activity and the co-localization of E.coli with autophagosomes. The activation of TLR4 signaling was involved in this process. These results indicate that LPS-induced autophagy may be a cell-autonomous defense mechanism triggered in peritoneal mesothelial cells in response to E.coli infection.
Source: BMC Microbiology - Latest articles - November 13, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Juan WangXiaoran FengYoujia ZengJinjin FanJuan WuZhijian LiXinhui LiuRong HuangFengxian HuangXueqing YuXiao Yang Source Type: research

Serine phosphorylation of cortactin is required for maximal host cell invasion by Campylobacter jejuni
Conclusion: We conclude that CiaD is involved in the activation of Erk 1/2 and that activated Erk 1/2 facilitates C. jejuni invasion by phosphorylation of cortactin on serine 405 and 418. This is the first time that cortactin and N-WASP have been shown to be involved in C. jejuni invasion of host cells. These data also provide a mechanistic basis for the requirement of Erk 1/2 in C. jejuni-mediated cytoskeletal rearrangement.
Source: Cell Communication and Signaling - November 4, 2013 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Derrick SamuelsonMichael Konkel Source Type: research

Production of highly potent recombinant siRNAs in Escherichia coli
We present a
Source: Nature Protocols - October 31, 2013 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Linfeng HuangJudy Lieberman Tags: Protocol Source Type: research

Lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophages cytokines repress surfactant protein B in lung epithelial cells.
Abstract ABSTRACT In mouse lung, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can decrease SFTPB mRNA and protein levels. LPS also regulates the expression, synthesis, and level of a variety of gene and metabolic products that inhibit SFTPB gene expression. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether LPS acts directly or indirectly on pulmonary epithelial cells to trigger signaling pathways that inhibit SFTPB expression and whether the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), beta (CEBPB) is a downstream inhibitory effector. To investigate the mechanism of SFTPB repression, the human...
Source: American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology - April 3, 2013 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Bein K, Di Giuseppe M, Mischler SE, Ortiz LA, Leikauf GD Tags: Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol Source Type: research

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