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Total 122 results found since Jan 2013.

Surgery-induced cognitive dysfunction is alleviated through triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2.
Abstract Neuroinflammation plays a key role in perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND). Increased evidences indicate that triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) can mitigate inflammatory response in the brain, and the aim of this study is to investigate whether TREM2 is involved in surgery-induced cognitive dysfunction in adult mice. We used adult C57BL/6 mice subjected to intramedullary fixation surgery, and found that surgery did not impair the motor ability of mice, but worsened the learning and memory function, and reduced the expression of TREM2. Meanwhile, up-regulated TREM2 expression...
Source: Acta Histochemica - May 3, 2020 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Niu W, Ma L, Tao T, Tian F, He T, Qiao M, He H, Liu X, Zhao X Tags: Acta Histochem Source Type: research

Tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside alleviated inflammatory damage by mitophagy via AMPK related PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway.
In conclusion, these phenomena suggested that TSG prevented LPS/ATP and Aβ-induced inflammation via AMPK/PINK1/Parkin-dependent enhancement of mitophagy. We found the neuroprotective effect of TSG, suggesting it may be beneficial for AD prevention and treatment by suppressing the activation of inflammation. PMID: 32353422 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Biochemical Pharmacology - April 26, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Gao Y, Li J, Li J, Hu C, Zhang L, Yan J, Li L, Zhang L Tags: Biochem Pharmacol Source Type: research

A dual druggable genome-wide siRNA and compound library screening approach identifies modulators of parkin recruitment to mitochondria Molecular Bases of Disease
Genetic and biochemical evidence points to an association between mitochondrial dysfunction and Parkinson's disease (PD). PD-associated mutations in several genes have been identified and include those encoding PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and parkin. To identify genes, pathways, and pharmacological targets that modulate the clearance of damaged or old mitochondria (mitophagy), here we developed a high-content imaging-based assay of parkin recruitment to mitochondria and screened both a druggable genome-wide siRNA library and a small neuroactive compound library. We used a multiparameter principal component analy...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - March 5, 2020 Category: Chemistry Authors: Helen L. Scott, Nicola Buckner, Francesc Fernandez-Albert, Elisa Pedone, Lorena Postiglione, Gongyu Shi, Nicholas Allen, Liang-Fong Wong, Lorenzo Magini, Lucia Marucci, Gregory A. O'Sullivan, Sarah Cole, Justin Powell, Peter Maycox, James B. Uney Tags: Neurobiology Source Type: research

Chd8 Rescued TBI-Induced Neurological Deficits by Suppressing Apoptosis and Autophagy Via Wnt Signaling Pathway.
Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and autism spectrum disorder (ASDs) share several same biochemical mechanisms and symptoms, such as learning memory impairments and communication deficits. Chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 8 (CHD8), a member of the CHD family of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factors, is one of the top risk genetic factors in ASDs and is highly associated with Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Yet, the possible effect of CHD8 on TBI remains poorly understood. In vivo, we found that Chd8 co-localized in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, but predominantly presented in neurons in the prefr...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - February 6, 2020 Category: Cytology Authors: Chen J, Wang H, Luo C, Gao C, Zhang Y, Chen G, Chen W, Chen X, Tao L Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: research

Effects of MFHAS1 on cognitive impairment and dendritic pathology in the hippocampus of septic rats
Publication date: Available online 30 August 2019Source: Life SciencesAuthor(s): Jing Zhong, Chenyue Guo, Wenting Hou, Na Shen, Changhong MiaoAbstractAimsTo investigate the effects of malignant fibrous histiocytoma amplified sequence 1 (MFHAS1) on cognitive dysfunction, the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and amyloid β peptide (Aβ) in the hippocampus, as well as dendritic pathology in the hippocampal CA1 region in sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) rats.Main methodsThe rats were randomly divided into four groups: 1) control group (subjected to sham surgery), 2) control plus Mfhas...
Source: Life Sciences - September 1, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research

FGF-2 Attenuates Neuronal Apoptosis via FGFR3/PI3k/Akt Signaling Pathway After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
AbstractNeuronal apoptosis is a common and critical pathology following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We investigated the anti-apoptotic property of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 after SAH in rats. A total of 289 rats underwent endovascular perforation to induce SAH or sham operation. Three dosages (3, 9, or 27  μg) of recombinant FGF-2 (rFGF-2) or vehicle was administered intranasally to rats 30 min after SAH induction. The pan-FGF receptor (FGFR) inhibitor PD173074 or vehicle was administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) 1 h before modeling, in addition to rFGF-2 treatment. Small interfering ri bonucleic ac...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - June 14, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Maternal exposure to cadmium impairs cognitive development of male offspring by targeting the Coronin-1a signaling pathway.
Abstract Direct exposure to cadmium (Cd) may induce persistent impairment in learning and memory. However, the outcomes of maternal exposure on the neurological development of offspring are much less clear, and the underlying mechanism leading to toxicity remains undisclosed. Following chronic exposure of female rats during gestation and lactation, low level of Cd was detectable in the cerebral cortex but not in the hippocampus of F1 male offspring. The synapses and neurites in hippocampus were destroyed by high Cd exposure level as evidenced by abnormal morphology and cognitive behavior deficit lasting from child...
Source: Chemosphere - May 10, 2019 Category: Chemistry Authors: Feng J, Chen S, Wang Y, Liu Q, Yang M, Li X, Nie C, Qin J, Chen H, Yuan X, Huang Y, Zhang Q Tags: Chemosphere Source Type: research

An Ensemble Strategy to Predict Prognosis in Ovarian Cancer Based on Gene Modules
Conclusion Considering the heterogeneity and complexity of ovarian cancer, we demonstrated a new method to predict the prognosis of ovarian cancer based on the clustering information and gene co-expression network in each subtype of cancer patients. We divided the ovarian cancer data into three subtypes by clustering analysis and we found that the survival risks in these three subtypes were significantly different. We mined the important communities based on the co-expression networks in each subtype. There are 50, 73, and 92 communities in the first, second and third subtype, respectively. Next, we constructed a new ense...
Source: Frontiers in Genetics - April 23, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Systems Biology Approaches and Precision Oral Health: A Circadian Clock Perspective
Conclusion Most head and neck pathologies show a broad cellular heterogeneity making it difficult to achieve an accurate diagnosis and efficient treatment (Graf and Zavodszky, 2017; Lo Nigro et al., 2017). Single cell analysis of circadian omics (Lande-Diner et al., 2015; Abraham et al., 2018), may be a crucial tool needed in the future to fully understand the circadian control of head and neck diseases. It becomes more obvious that there is only a small genetic component but a largely unknown epigenetics and/or environmental component for most of the head and neck pathologies (Moosavi and Motevalizadeh Ardekani, 2016; He...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 15, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Why Do Birds Flock? A Role for Opioids in the Reinforcement of Gregarious Social Interactions
Conclusion We propose that studies of songbirds reveal a novel network model for the integration of positive and negative reinforcement processes in non-sexual affiliative social behavior. Most studies on affiliative behavior focus on the positive affective state induced by social contact that rewards individuals interacting together. However, this review highlights that in social animals, affiliative contact is also reinforced because it reduces a negative affective state caused by social exclusion or isolation, thus creating a complementary system (i.e., positive reinforcement from affiliative interactions and negative ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 11, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

The Functions of Non-coding RNAs in rRNA Regulation
Qi Yan1, Chengming Zhu1, Shouhong Guang1,2* and Xuezhu Feng1* 1Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China 2CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China Ribosomes are ribonucleoprotein machines that decode the genetic information embedded in mRNAs into polypeptides. Ribosome biogenesis is tightly coordinated and controlled from the transcription of pre-rRNAs to the assembly of ribosomes. Defects or disorders in rRNA production result in a number of human ri...
Source: Frontiers in Genetics - April 4, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Euxanthone Ameliorates Sevoflurane-Induced Neurotoxicity in Neonatal Mice
This study was designed to investigate whether euxanthone can confer neuroprotective activities against sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity and to determine the associated molecular mechanisms. Neonatal Sprague-Dawley (male) rats were exposed to sevoflurane with or without euxanthone treatment. The behavioral data of rats were collected at P41 (the beginning of the adult stage). The hippocampal tissue was obtained following exposure to sevoflurane. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in the hippocampal tissue was determined by a commercial kit. The expression of apoptotic markers and inflammatory cytokines was determined...
Source: Journal of Molecular Neuroscience - March 29, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Delivery of BACE1 siRNA mediated by TARBP-BTP fusion protein reduces β-amyloid deposits in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
In this report, we further substantiate the approach through an extended use in AβPP-PS1 mice, which upon treatment with seven doses of β-secretase AβPP cleaving Enzyme 1 (BACE1) TARBP-BTP:siRNA, led to target-specific effect in the mouse brain. Concomitant gene silencing of BACE1, and consequent reduction in plaque load in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus (greater than 60%) in mice treated with TARBP-BTP:siRNA complex, led to improvement in spatial learning and memory. The study validates the efficiency of TARBP-BTP fusion protein as an efficient mediator of RNAi, giving considerable scope for future intervention in...
Source: Journal of Biosciences - February 28, 2019 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Haroon MM, Saba K, Boddedda VH, Kumar JM, Patel AB, Gopal V Tags: J Biosci Source Type: research

In vivo evaluation and Alzheimer's disease treatment outcome of siRNA loaded dual targeting drug delivery system.
Abstract To deliver drugs to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD), nanoparticles should firstly penetrate through blood brain barrier, and then target neurons. Recently, we developed an Apo A-I and NL4 dual modified nanoparticle (ANNP) to deliver beta-amyloid converting enzyme 1 (BACE1) siRNA. Although promising in vitro results were obtained, the in vivo performance was not clear. Therefore, in this study, we further evaluated the in vivo neuroprotective effect and toxicity of the ANNP/siRNA. The ANNP/siRNA was 80.6 nm with good stability when incubated with serum. The ANNP/siRNA could target both bEnd.3 and PC12 cells...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology - February 4, 2019 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Zhang C, Shen L, Gu Z, Liu X, Lin H Tags: Curr Pharm Biotechnol Source Type: research

Propofol Regulates Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation via Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II/AMPK/ATF5 Signaling Axis.
CONCLUSIONS: The results from study demonstrated that propofol inhibits the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of NSCs, and these effects are partially mediated by CaMkII/pS485/AMPK/ATF5 signaling pathway. PMID: 30303867 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia - October 9, 2018 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Liang C, Du F, Wang J, Cang J, Xue Z Tags: Anesth Analg Source Type: research