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Total 348 results found since Jan 2013.

New approach to diabetes care: From blood glucose to cardiovascular disease
We describe the close relationship between diabetes, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease, and examine multifactorial approaches to diabetes treatment, including reducing cardiovascular risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Finally, we analyze new prospects for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, resulting from the development of novel antidiabetic drugs.The aim of this review is that the clinician should assume the crucial role of guiding individuals with diabetes in the control of their disease, in order to improve their quality of life and prognosis. In view of the currently available evidence, the ...
Source: Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia - January 29, 2019 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Management of hypoglycemia in older adults with type 2 diabetes.
This article highlights the issues faced by older people with T2D, the risk factors for hypoglycemia in this population, and the challenges faced by health care providers regarding glycemic management in this patient group. PMID: 30724638 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Postgraduate Medicine - February 8, 2019 Category: Internal Medicine Tags: Postgrad Med Source Type: research

Clinical implications of cardiovascular outcome trials in type  2 diabetes.
Clinical implications of cardiovascular outcome trials in type 2 diabetes. Herz. 2019 Feb 25;: Authors: Mellbin LG, Wang A, Rydén L Abstract Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main reason for premature death in patients with type 2 diabetes. Hyperglycemia, the hallmark of diabetes, has long been considered the link between diabetes and CVD, and many trials focused on preventing CVD manifestations by means of tight glucose control. However, diabetes is a multifactorial disease in which, e. g., insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, and factors such as hypertension and dyslipidemia contrib...
Source: Herz - February 27, 2019 Category: Cardiology Tags: Herz Source Type: research

Nrf2 as a Potential Mediator of Cardiovascular Risk in Metabolic Diseases
Conclusion Activation of the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant system plays an important role in cell defense against oxidative stress damage, whereas the insufficiency of the Nrf2 system is associated with multiple aspects of the genesis and progression of metabolic diseases, posing a great risk to the cardiovascular system (Figure 1). The systemic increase of Nrf2 activity by several activators may be beneficial in the treatment of metabolic diseases. In addition, selective upregulation of Nrf2 genes may represent a potential therapy in obesity, diabetes and atherosclerosis. Looking to the future, experimental research that el...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 11, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Metformin and second- or third-generation sulphonylurea combination therapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
CONCLUSIONS: There is inconclusive evidence whether M+S combination therapy compared with metformin plus another glucose-lowering intervention results in benefit or harm for most patient-important outcomes (mortality, SAEs, macrovascular and microvascular complications) with the exception of hypoglycaemia (more harm for M+S combination). No RCT reported on health-related quality of life. PMID: 30998259 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - April 17, 2019 Category: General Medicine Authors: Madsen KS, Kähler P, Kähler LKA, Madsbad S, Gnesin F, Metzendorf MI, Richter B, Hemmingsen B Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Association of C-peptide with diabetic vascular complications in type 2 diabetes.
CONCLUSION: -: C-peptide was positively associated with CVD, but inversely associated with DR progression. The association between C-peptide and CVD could be due to associated metabolic risk factors. PMID: 31026551 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Diabetes and Metabolism - April 22, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Wang Y, Wan H, Chen Y, Xia F, Zhang W, Wang C, Fang S, Zhang K, Li Q, Wang N, Lu Y Tags: Diabetes Metab Source Type: research

Impaired Activity of Ryanodine Receptors Contributes to Calcium Mishandling in Cardiomyocytes of Metabolic Syndrome Rats
Conclusion Principal findings of this work are that abnormal Ca2+ transient amplitude, contractile dysfunction; and impaired relaxation of MetS cardiomyocytes underlies intrinsic dysfunctional RyR2 and SERCA pump. Abnormal activity of RyRs was evidenced by its decreased ability to bind [3H]-ryanodine. Although the MetS condition does not modify RyR2 protein expression, its phosphorylation at Ser2814 is decreased, which impairs its capacity for activation during ECC. The dysfunctional RyRs, together with a decreased activity of SERCA pump due to decreased Thr17-PLN phosphorylation suggest a downregulation of CaMKII in MetS...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 29, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Sex Difference of Radiation Response in Occupational and Accidental Exposure
Conclusion and Outlook This review summarizes the data from major human studies on the health risks of radiation exposure and shows that sex can potentially influence the prolonged response to radiation exposure (Figure 1 and Tables 1, 2). These data suggest that long-term radiosensitivity in females is higher than that in males who receive a comparable dose of radiation. Our analysis of the literature agrees with the conclusions of the recent report on the Biological effects of ionizing radiation (BEIR VII) published in 2006 by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), United States (National Research Council, 2006). The B...
Source: Frontiers in Genetics - May 2, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Cardiovascular effects of pioglitazone or sulphonylureas according to pretreatment risk: moving towards personalized care.
CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to identify patients with type 2 diabetes early in the stage of their disease and largely free from evident cardiovascular disease, in whom add-on pioglitazone to metformin confers cardiovascular protection as compared to sulphonylureas. PMID: 31058962 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - May 5, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Vaccaro O, Lucisano G, Masulli M, Bonora E, Del Prato S, Rivellese AA, Giorda CB, Mocarelli P, Squatrito S, Maggioni AP, Riccardi G, Nicolucci A, TOSCA.IT investigators Tags: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research

Arterial hypertension and diabetes association in the elderly
ConclusionVascular metabolic complications are serious in hypertensive elderly diabetic subjects; thus, multidisciplinary care and regular monitoring is required to detect these complications early and improve life expectancy.
Source: Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements - July 24, 2019 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Young Adult Population with First Degree Relatives of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Authors: Abdaly MS, Azizi MS, Wijaya IP, Nugroho P, Purnamasari D Abstract Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remain a leading cause of death globally. The concept of acute myocardial infarction in young adults was uncommon. Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of CVD, including myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure and peripheral artery disease. This condition is initiated early in childhood and progressive in nature. CVD risk factors includes hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity play a role in the development of atherosclerosis and  components in insulin resistance syndrome.One of many risk factors for insuli...
Source: Acta medica Indonesiana - August 7, 2019 Category: Internal Medicine Tags: Acta Med Indones Source Type: research

Association of obesity with cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: Insights from TECOS
ConclusionsThe majority of TECOS participants with ASCVD and T2D were overweight or obese, yet overweight or obese class I individuals had lower CV risk than those who were under/normal weight. These results suggest the presence of an obesity paradox, but this paradox may reflect an epidemiological artifact rather than a true negative association between normal weight and clinical outcomes.
Source: American Heart Journal - October 21, 2019 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Metabolic-vascular coupling in skeletal muscle: a potential role for capillary pericytes?
Abstract The matching of capillary blood flow to metabolic rate of the cells within organs and tissues is a critical microvascular function which ensures appropriate delivery of hormones and nutrients, and the removal of waste products. This relationship is particularly important in tissues where local metabolism, and hence capillary blood flow, must be regulated to avoid a mismatch between nutrient demand and supply that would compromise normal function. The consequences of a mismatch in microvascular blood flow and metabolism are acutely apparent in the brain and heart, where a sudden cessation of blood flow, fo...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - November 6, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Attrill E, Ramsay C, Ross R, Richards S, Sutherland BA, Keske MA, Eringa E, Premilovac D Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: research

Insulin Resistance in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Association with Patient ’s Micro- and Macrovascular Complications, Sex Hormones, and Other Clinical Data
ConclusionsAccording to stratified eGDR, IR was found for one-third of the current T1D population. Insulin resistant patients more frequently had microvascular complications and CVD events. Lower eGDR, longer diabetes duration, and lower HbA1c significantly increased CVD outcomes risk. IR was related to smoking, obesity, gender, age, and diabetes duration. Moreover, men ’s testosterone had a positive correlation with IR in T1D. Finally, patients with T1D and a positive family history of T2D were not susceptible to weight gain, while MS metabolic phenotype prevalence tended to be higher in obese than in lean patients with...
Source: Diabetes Therapy - December 1, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Dulaglutide: A Review in Type 2 Diabetes
AbstractSubcutaneous dulaglutide (Trulicity®) is a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist that is approved in numerous countries as an adjunct to diet and exercise for the treatment of adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In the clinical trial and real-world settings, once-weekly subcutaneous dulaglutide, as monotherapy or add-on therapy to other antihyperglycaemic agents (including oral antihyperglycaemic drugs and insulin), was an effective and generally well tolerated treatment in adults with inadequately controlled T2D, including in high-risk patients [e.g. obese and elderly patients, those with stage 3 or...
Source: Drugs - January 29, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research