Laminin-binding protein of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 influences zinc acquisition and cytokine responses
AbstractStreptococcus suis serotype 2 is an important bacterial pathogen of swine, responsible for substantial economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. The knowledge on the pathogenesis of the infection caused byS. suis is still poorly known. It has been previously described thatS. suis possesses at least one lipoprotein with double laminin and zinc (Zn)-binding properties, which was described in the literature as either laminin-binding protein (Lmb, as in the current study), lipoprotein 103, CDS 0330 or AdcAII. In the present study, the role of the Lmb in the pathogenesis of the infection caused byS. suis serotype...
Source: Veterinary Research - January 5, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Hemolysin function of Listeria is related to biofilm formation: transcriptomics analysis
AbstractListeriolysin O (LLO) is the main virulence protein ofListeria monocytogenes (LM), that helps LM escape lysosomes. We previously found that the cellular immune response elicited byL.ivanovii (LI) is weaker than that elicited by LM. We speculated that this may be related to the function of ivanolysin O (ILO). Here, we constructed hemolysin gene deletion strain, LI Δilo, and a modified strain, LI Δilo::hly, in whichilo was replaced byhly. Prokaryotic transcriptome sequencing was performed on LI, LI Δilo, and LI Δilo::hly. Transcriptome differences between the three strains were compared, and genes and pathways wi...
Source: Veterinary Research - December 31, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Correction: HA gene amino acid mutations contribute to antigenic variation and immune escape of H9N2 influenza virus
(Source: Veterinary Research)
Source: Veterinary Research - December 19, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Second passage experiments of chronic wasting disease in transgenic mice overexpressing human prion protein
AbstractChronic wasting disease (CWD) is a prion disease of cervids including deer, elk, reindeer, and moose. Human consumption of cervids is common, therefore assessing the risk potential of CWD transmission to humans is critical. In a previous study, we tested CWD transmission via intracerebral inoculation into transgenic mice (tg66 and tgRM) that over-expressed human prion protein. Mice screened by traditional prion detection assays were negative. However, in a group of 88 mice screened by the ultrasensitive RT-QuIC assay, we identified 4 tg66 mice that produced inconsistent positive RT-QuIC reactions. These data could ...
Source: Veterinary Research - December 16, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Influence of heat stress on intestinal integrity and the caecal microbiota during Enterococcus cecorum infection in broilers
This study aimed to understand the effect of heat stress on the caecal microbiota, intestinal integrity, and EC pathogenesis. A total of 373 1-day-old commercial broiler chicks were randomly assigned to four groups: (1) noninoculated, thermoneutral conditions (TN); (2) noninoculated, heat stress conditions (HS); (3) EC-inoculated, thermoneutral conditions (TN + EC); and (4) EC-inoculated, heat stress conditions (HS + EC). Birds were monitored daily for clinical signs. Necropsy of 20 broilers per group was performed at 7, 14, 21, and 42 days post-hatch (dph). A trend towards enhanced and more pronounced clinical d...
Source: Veterinary Research - December 16, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Pathogenicity of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 subtype for herring gulls (Larus argentatus): impact of homo- and heterosubtypic immunity on the outcome of infection
In conclusion, we demonstrate that HPAIV H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4b is highly virulent and lethal for fully susceptible herring gulls and that pre-exposure to homo- and heterosub typic LPAIV only partially modulates the disease outcome. (Source: Veterinary Research)
Source: Veterinary Research - December 14, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Transcriptomic analysis of spleen B cell revealed the molecular basis of bursopentin on B cell differentiation
AbstractThe bursa of Fabricius, the acknowledged humoral immune organ unique to birds, plays a vital role in B cell development. Bursopentin (BP5) derived from the bursa is reported to induce the development and formation of B cells. However, the mechanism of BP5 on B cell differentiation is still unclear. In this paper, total B lymphocytes from mice immunized with H9N2 subtype AIV vaccine were stimulated with BP5. The results show that BP5 at the experimental dosages promoted B cell differentiation, including the total B cells, activated B cells, differentiated B cells, mature B cells and plasma cells. Then, the in vivo i...
Source: Veterinary Research - December 14, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Evaluating the potential of whole-genome sequencing for tracing transmission routes in experimental infections and natural outbreaks of bovine respiratory syncytial virus
In conclusion, analysis of the whole-genome sequence of BRS V from experimental samples discriminated between circulating isolates from distant areas, but insufficient diversity was observed between closely related isolates to aid local transmission route inference. (Source: Veterinary Research)
Source: Veterinary Research - December 12, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae-specific T-cell responses after experimental infection of chickens selectively bred for high and low serum levels of mannose-binding lectin
AbstractErysipelas, caused by infection withErysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (ER) is an important emerging disease in laying hens. We have earlier observed prominent mannose-binding lectin (MBL) acute phase responses in experimentally ER infected chickens. The present study aimed to further examine immune responses to ER by using chickens selectively bred for high (L10H) and low (L10L) serum MBL levels. Chickens were infected with ER at 3 weeks of age and immune parameters and bacterial load were monitored in blood until day 18 after infection. Blood and spleen leukocytes collected on day 18 were stimulated in vitro with ER an...
Source: Veterinary Research - December 12, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Understanding the incidence and timing of rabies cases in domestic animals and wildlife in south-east Tanzania in the presence of widespread domestic dog vaccination campaigns
AbstractThe “Zero by 30” strategic plan aims to eliminate human deaths from dog-mediated rabies by 2030 and domestic dog vaccination is a vital component of this strategic plan. In areas where domestic dog vaccination has been implemented, it is important to assess the impact of this intervention. Additiona lly, understanding temporal and seasonal trends in the incidence of animal rabies cases may assist in optimizing such interventions. Data on the incidence of probable rabies cases in domestic and wild animals were collected between January 2011 and December 2018 in thirteen districts of south-east T anzania where ja...
Source: Veterinary Research - December 12, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
DAD3 targets ACE2 to inhibit the MAPK and NF- κB signalling pathways and protect against LPS-induced inflammation in bovine mammary epithelial cells
AbstractThe protective arm of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), the ACE 2/Ang-(1 –7)/MasR axis, has become a new anti-inflammatory target. As a specific activator of ACE2, diminazene aceturate (DA) can promote anti-inflammatory effects by regulating the ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/MasR axis. However, due to the reported toxicity of DA, its application has been limited. In the current stu dy, we synthesized a low toxicity DA derivative 3 (DAD3) and sought to determine whether DAD3 can also activate ACE2 in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC) and regulate the RAS system to inhibit inflammation. We found that both DA and DAD3 can...
Source: Veterinary Research - December 8, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Mycoplasma gallisepticum escapes the host immune response via gga-miR-365-3p/SOCS5/STATs axis
AbstractA disruption in the expression of gga-miR-365-3p was confirmed in theMycoplasma gallisepticum (MG)-infected Chicken primary alveolar type II epithelial (CP-II) cells based on previous sequencing results, but the role it plays in the infection was unclear. In the present study, we demonstrate that MG evaded cellular host immunity via a gga-miR-365-3p/SOCS5-JAK/STATs negative feedback loop. Specifically, we found that at the initial stage of MG infection in cells, gga-miR-365-3p was rapidly increased and activated the JAK/STAT signaling pathway by inhibiting SOCS5, which induced the secretion of inflammatory factors ...
Source: Veterinary Research - December 5, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Chicken telomerase reverse transcriptase promotes the tumorigenicity of avian leukosis virus subgroup J by regulating the Wnt/ β-catenin signaling pathway
This study suggests that chTERT plays a critical role in the tumorigenicity of ALV-J by enhancing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which will contribute to further elucidating the tumor-inducing mechanism of ALV-J. (Source: Veterinary Research)
Source: Veterinary Research - December 2, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Learning and strategic imitation in modelling farmers ’ dynamic decisions on bovine viral diarrhoea vaccination
This study highlights the central role that social dynamics among farmers can take in the spread and control of bovine viral diarrho ea, providing insights into how public policy efforts could be targeted in order to increase voluntary vaccination uptake against this disease in endemic areas. (Source: Veterinary Research)
Source: Veterinary Research - December 2, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Systematic identification and characterization of repeat sequences in African swine fever virus genomes
In this study, three types of repeat sequences, including microsatellites, minisatellites and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), were identified in the ASFV genome, and their distribution, structure, function, and evolutionary history were investigated. Most repeat sequences were observed in noncoding regions and at the 5 ’ end of the genome. Noncoding repeat sequences tended to form enhancers, whereas coding repeat sequences had a lower ratio of alpha-helix and beta-sheet and a higher ratio of loop structure and surface amino acids than nonrepeat sequences. In addition, the repeat sequences tended to encode pe...
Source: Veterinary Research - December 2, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
