Variation in the affinity of three representative avian adenoviruses for the cellular coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor
In this study, we successfully solved the crysta l structure of the FAdV-4 fiber1 knob at 1.6 Å resolution. The interaction between the fibre knob and different domains of CAR was verified by confocal microscopy, coimmunoprecipitation and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis. The fibre knobs of the three representative fowl adenoviruses speci fically recognized CAR domain 1 (D1), but the recognition of CAR domain 2 (D2) by chicken embryo lethal orphan (CELO) strains was weak. These results provide insights into the differences in adenovirus‒host cell interactions and have important implications for the exploration o...
Source: Veterinary Research - February 19, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Effects of topical application of resveratrol on tight junction barrier and antimicrobial compound production in lactating goat mammary glands
In this study, we determined the beneficial effects of resveratrol on TJs and antimicrobial compounds in cultured goat MECs by adding it to the medium, and in lactating goat mammary glands by topical application for percutaneous absorption. TJ barrier function was evaluated by transepithelial resistance and expression or localization pattern of claudins for culture model in vitro and by somatic cell count, Na+, albumin, and IgG in milk for topical application in vivo. Concentrations of antimicrobial compounds and cytokines were measured using ELISA. Activation of STAT3 was evaluated by Western blotting. Resveratrol strengt...
Source: Veterinary Research - February 16, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Genomic characteristics of cfr and fexA carrying Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pig carcasses in Korea
This study evaluated the genetic characteristics of linezolid-resistantStaphylococcus aureus strains isolated from pig carcasses and further clarified potential resistance and virulence mechanisms in a newly identified sequence type. Of more than 2500 strains isolated in a prior study, 15 isolated from pig carcasses exhibited linezolid resistance (minimum inhibitory concentration ≥ 8 mg/L). The strains were characterized in detail by genomic analysis. Linezolid-resistantS. aureus strains exhibited a high degree of genetic lineage diversity, with one strain (LNZ_R_SAU_64) belonging to ST8004, which has not been repo...
Source: Veterinary Research - February 16, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Characterizing the detection of inactivated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae DNA in the respiratory tract of pigs
AbstractA positiveMycoplasma hyopneumoniae PCR result in a clinical specimen may eventually represent the mere detection of non-viable bacteria, complicating the diagnostic interpretation. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the PCR detection of non-viableM. hyopneumoniae and its residual cell-free DNA in live pigs. Pigs were inoculated with either active or inactivatedM. hyopneumoniae and were sampled for up to 14 days.Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was not detected by PCR at any timepoint in pigs inoculated with the inactivated bacterium, suggesting that in healthy pigs, the non-viableM. hyopneumoniae DNA was r...
Source: Veterinary Research - February 15, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Temperature impacts the bovine ex vivo immune response towards Mycoplasmopsis bovis
AbstractAlthough cattle are the mammalian species with most global biomass associated with a huge impact on our planet, their immune system remains poorly understood. Notably, the bovine immune system has peculiarities such as an overrepresentation of γδ T cells that requires particular attention, specifically in an infectious context. In line of 3R principles, we developed an ex vivo platform to dissect host–pathogen interactions. The experimental design was based on two independent complementary readouts: firstly, a novel 12–14 color mult iparameter flow cytometry assay measuring maturation (modulation of cell surf...
Source: Veterinary Research - February 13, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Characterization of pig tonsils as niches for the generation of Streptococcus suis diversity
AbstractStreptococcus suis is a gram-positive bacterium that causes meningitis, septicemia, endocarditis, and other disorders in pigs and humans. We obtained 42 and 50S. suis isolates from lesions of porcine endocarditis and palatine tonsils, respectively, of clinically healthy pigs in Japan; we then determined their sequence types (STs) by multilocus sequence typing (MLST),cps genotypes, serotypes, and presence of classical major virulence-associated marker genes (mrp,epf, andsly). The 42 isolates from endocarditis lesions were assigned to a limited number of STs and clonal complexes (CCs). On the other hand, the 50 isola...
Source: Veterinary Research - February 6, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Comparative analysis of the interactions of different Streptococcus suis strains with monocytes, granulocytes and the complement system in porcine blood
In this study, substantial differences in these host –pathogen interactions were observed between strains of the same serotype. Therefore, a more comprehensive characterization of the field isolates, including at least MLST analysis to determine the sequence type/clonal complex, is recommended. (Source: Veterinary Research)
Source: Veterinary Research - February 5, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
The role of Helicobacter suis, Fusobacterium gastrosuis, and the pars oesophageal microbiota in gastric ulceration in slaughter pigs receiving meal or pelleted feed
This study investigated the role of causative infectious agents in ulceration of the non-glandular part of the porcine stomach (pars oesophagea). In total, 150 stomachs from slaughter pigs were included, 75 from pigs that received a meal feed, 75 from pigs that received an equivalent pelleted feed with a smaller particle size. Thepars oesophagea was macroscopically examined after slaughter. (q)PCR assays forH. suis,F. gastrosuis andH. pylori-like organisms were performed, as well as16S rRNA sequencing forpars oesophagea microbiome analyses. All 150 pig stomachs showed lesions.F. gastrosuis was detected in 115 cases (77%) a...
Source: Veterinary Research - February 5, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Use of live attenuated recombinant Newcastle disease virus carrying avian paramyxovirus 2 HN and F protein genes to enhance immune responses against species A rotavirus VP6 protein
AbstractNumerous infectious diseases in cattle lead to reductions in body weight, milk production, and reproductive performance. Cattle are primarily vaccinated using inactivated vaccines due to their increased safety. However, inactivated vaccines generally result in weaker immunity compared with live attenuated vaccines, which may be insufficient in certain cases. Over the last few decades, there has been extensive research on the use of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) as a live vaccine vector for economically significant livestock diseases. A single vaccination dose of NDV can sufficiently induce immunity; therefore, ...
Source: Veterinary Research - February 5, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Genes and pathways revealed by whole transcriptome analysis of milk derived bovine mammary epithelial cells after Escherichia coli challenge
AbstractMastitis, inflammation of the mammary gland, is the costliest disease in dairy cattle and a major animal welfare concern. Mastitis is usually caused by bacteria, of which staphylococci, streptococci andEscherichia coli are most frequently isolated from bovine mastitis. Bacteria activate the mammary immune system in variable ways, thereby influencing the severity of the disease.Escherichia coli is a common cause of mastitis in cattle causing both subclinical and clinical mastitis. Understanding of the molecular mechanisms that activate and regulate the host response would be central to effective prevention of mastit...
Source: Veterinary Research - February 1, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
From obscurity to urgency: a comprehensive analysis of the rising threat of duck circovirus
AbstractDuck circovirus (DuCV) is a small, nonenveloped, single-stranded DNA virus with immunosuppressive effects on ducks that leads to slow growth and elevated mortality following mixed infections. Its infection manifests as feather loss, slow growth, swelling of respiratory tissue, and damage to immune organs in ducks. Although single infections with DuCV do not cause noticeable clinical symptoms, its ability to compromise the immune system and facilitate infections caused by other pathogens poses a serious threat to duck farming. Given the prevalence of this disease and the increasing infection rates in recent years, w...
Source: Veterinary Research - January 26, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Genomic and phenotypic analysis of invasive Streptococcus suis isolated in Spain reveals genetic diversification and associated virulence traits
AbstractStreptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that causes a major health problem in the pig production industry worldwide. Spain is one of the largest pig producers in the world. This work aimed to investigate the genetic and phenotypic features of invasiveS. suis isolates recovered in Spain. A panel of 156 clinical isolates recovered from 13 Autonomous Communities, representing the major pig producers, were analysed. MLST and serotyping analysis revealed that most isolates (61.6%) were assigned to ST1 (26.3%), ST123 (18.6%), ST29 (9.6%), and ST3 (7.1%). Interestingly, 34 new STs were identified, indicating the emergen...
Source: Veterinary Research - January 24, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
An apicoplast-localized deubiquitinase contributes to the cell growth and apicoplast homeostasis of Toxoplasma gondii
AbstractToxoplasma gondii is among the most important parasites worldwide. The apicoplast is a unique organelle shared by all Apicomplexan protozoa. Increasing lines of evidence suggest that the apicoplast possesses its own ubiquitination system. Deubiquitination is a crucial step executed by deubiquitinase (DUB) during protein ubiquitination. While multiple components of ubiquitination have been identified inT. gondii, the deubiquitinases involved remain unknown. The aim of the current study was to delineate the localization ofTgOTU7 and elucidate its functions.TgOTU7 was specifically localized at the apicoplast, and its ...
Source: Veterinary Research - January 17, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Flubendazole carbonyl reduction in drug-susceptible and drug-resistant strains of the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus: changes during the life cycle and possible inhibition
AbstractCarbonyl-reducing enzymes (CREs) catalyse the reduction of carbonyl groups in many eobiotic and xenobiotic compounds in all organisms, including helminths. Previous studies have shown the important roles of CREs in the deactivation of several anthelmintic drugs (e.g., flubendazole and mebendazole) in adults infected with the parasitic nematodeHaemonchus contortus, in which the activity of a CRE is increased in drug-resistant strains. The aim of the present study was to compare the abilities of nematodes of both a drug-susceptible strain (ISE) and a drug-resistant strain (IRE) to reduce the carbonyl group of flubend...
Source: Veterinary Research - January 15, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Inflammatory responses and barrier disruption in the trachea of chicks following Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection: a focus on the TNF- α-NF-κB/MLCK pathway
AbstractMycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) can induce persistent inflammatory damage to the tracheal mucosa of poultry and cause chronic respiratory diseases in chickens. To further investigate the mechanism of MG-induced injury to the tracheal mucosa, we used chick embryo tracheal organ culture (TOC) as a model to study the invasion and reproduction of MG, the effect of MG on tracheal morphology, and the potential factors that promote MG tissue invasion. The results showed that MG infection significantly damaged the tracheal epithelial structure and weakened tracheal epithelial barrier function; MG also increased the occurrenc...
Source: Veterinary Research - January 15, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
