Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm dispersion by the mouse antimicrobial peptide CRAMP
AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a known bacterium that produces biofilms and causes severe infection. Furthermore,P. aeruginosa biofilms are extremely difficult to eradicate, leading to the development of chronic and antibiotic-resistant infections. Our previous study showed that a cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) inhibits the formation ofP. aeruginosa biofilms and markedly reduces the biomass of preformed biofilms, while the mechanism of eradicating bacterial biofilms remains elusive. Therefore, in this study, the potential mechanism by which CRAMP eradicatesP. aeruginosa biofilms was i...
Source: Veterinary Research - October 8, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Molecular detection of Helicobacter spp. and Fusobacterium gastrosuis in pigs and wild boars and its association with gastric histopathological alterations
AbstractBesidesHelicobacter pylori, a Gram-negative bacterium that may cause gastric disorders in humans, non-Helicobacter pylori helicobacters (NHPH) may also colonize the stomach of humans and animals. In pigs,H. suis can induce gastritis and may play a role in gastric ulcer disease, possibly in association withFusobacterium gastrosuis. In the present study, gastric samples from 71 slaughtered pigs and 14 hunted free range wild boars were tested for the presence of DNA ofF. gastrosuis and gastricHelicobacter species associated with pigs, dogs cats and humans, using species-specific PCR assays, followed by sequencing of t...
Source: Veterinary Research - October 8, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Genomic characterization of peste des petits ruminants vaccine seed “45G37/35-k”, Russia
AbstractProduction of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) vaccines in Russia is based on two attenuated virus strains ( “45G37/35-k” and “ARRIAH”) of common origin. Here, the identity of the strain PPRV/45G37/35-k was investigated using a full genome, Illumina deep sequencing approach. Phylogenomic analysis showed that PPRV/45G37/35-k belongs to the same lineage as the widely used PPRV vaccine strain Nigeria/ 75/1 (lineage II). However, 248 nucleotide differences separate the genomes of these vaccine strains, indicating that the PPRV vaccine strains produced in Russia are new strains not yet recognised by the World Or...
Source: Veterinary Research - October 8, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Modelling the effects of antimicrobial metaphylaxis and pen size on bovine respiratory disease in high and low risk fattening cattle
In this study we aimed to compare the impact of farming practices on BRD severity and on antimicrobial usage. We designed a stochastic individual-based mechanistic BRD model which incorporates not only the infectious process, but also clinical signs, detection methods and treatment protocols. We investigated twelve contrasted scenarios which reflect farming practices in various fattening systems, based on pen sizes, risk level, and individual treatment vs. collective treatment (metaphylaxis) before or during fattening. We calibrated model parameters from existing observation data or literature and compared scenario outputs...
Source: Veterinary Research - October 4, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Safety assessment of compliant, highly invasive, lipid A-altered, O-antigen-defected Salmonella strains as prospective vaccine delivery systems
AbstractIn the present study, two prospectiveSalmonella delivery strains, JOL2782 and JOL2837, were developed by gene deletions oflon andcpxR, which are related to cellular adhesion and intracellular survival. Additionally,sifA deletion was introduced for JOL2782, which confers immune susceptibility and improves antigen delivery. Similarly, therfaL deletion andlpxE substitution forpagL were accomplished in JOL2837 to reduce virulence and endotoxicity. Thus, enhanced adhesion and invasion and reduced intracellular survival were attained. Furthermore, aspartic acid auxotrophic (asd) was deleted to impose Darwinian selection ...
Source: Veterinary Research - October 1, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Effects of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) on thyroid hormone metabolism in the late gestation fetus
AbstractPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in late gestation causes a profound suppression of circulating maternal and fetal thyroid hormone during a critical window of development. To understand this relationship, we evaluated thyroid hormone metabolism at the maternal –fetal interface and within fetal tissues, along with hormone metabolite levels in serum. Fetuses were classified using an established model based on viral load in serum and thymus, and preservation status, including uninfected (UNIF), high-viral load viable (HV-VIA), and high-viral load meconium- stained (HV-MEC), with additional...
Source: Veterinary Research - September 30, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
An inactivated novel chimeric FAdV-4 containing fiber of FAdV-8b provides full protection against hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome and inclusion body hepatitis
AbstractFowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) and FAdV-8b are causative agents of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) and inclusion body hepatitis (IBH), respectively. HHS and IBH co-infections were often reported in clinical, yet there are no commercially available bivalent vaccines for prevention and control of both FAdV-4 and -8b. In the present study, a chimeric FAdV-4 was firstly generated by substituting fiber-1 of FAdV-4 with fiber of FAdV-8b. The chimeric virus, rFAdV-4-fiber/8b, exhibited similar replication ability in vitro and pathogenicity in vivo to the parental wild type FAdV-4. A single dosage of vaccina...
Source: Veterinary Research - September 30, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Comprehensive evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of a gene-deleted variant pseudorabies virus attenuated vaccine
In this study, we developed and evaluated a gene-deleted variant pseudorabies virus (PRV)-attenuated vaccine, PRV GX- ΔTK/IES, in which the genes TK, gI, gE, US9 and US2 were deleted. During a study of innocuousness, all mice inoculated with PRV GX-ΔTK/IES survived, neither clinical signs nor pathological changes were observed, and viral genomes could not be detected in the blood and tissues. All piglets inoculat ed with high titres of PRV GX-ΔTK/IES remained clinically healthy, and neither fever nor clinical signs were observed. Viral detection results were negative in nasal swab samples, blood and tissue samples. More...
Source: Veterinary Research - September 22, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Delineating transcriptional crosstalk between Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and human THP-1 cells at the early stage of infection via dual RNA-seq analysis
AbstractMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of Johne ’s disease, a chronic debilitating disease in ruminants. To control this disease, it is crucial to understand immune evasion and the mechanism of persistence by analyzing the early phase interplays of the intracellular pathogens and their hosts. In the present study, host–pathogen interactions a t the transcriptomic level were investigated in an in vitro macrophage infection model. When differentiated human THP-1 cells were infected with MAP, the expression of various genes associated with stress responses and metabolism was alter...
Source: Veterinary Research - September 13, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Immortalised canine buccal epithelial cells ’ CXCL8 secretion is affected by allergen extracts, Toll-like receptor ligands, IL-17A and calcitriol
This study showed that certain allergens, TLRL, IL-17A and calcitriol modulate CXCL8 secretion in a cell line of canine buccal epithelial cells. (Source: Veterinary Research)
Source: Veterinary Research - September 13, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Understanding the mechanisms of viral and bacterial coinfections in bovine respiratory disease: a comprehensive literature review of experimental evidence
AbstractBovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most important diseases impacting the global cattle industry, resulting in significant economic loss. Commonly referred to as shipping fever, BRD is especially concerning for young calves during transport when they are most susceptible to developing disease. Despite years of extensive study, managing BRD remains challenging as its aetiology involves complex interactions between pathogens, environmental and host factors. While at the beginning of the twentieth century, scientists believed that BRD was only caused by bacterial infections ( “bovine pasteurellosis”), w...
Source: Veterinary Research - September 6, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Chicken cathelicidin-2 promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages
In conclusion, our study shows that CATH-2 acts as a second signal to activate NLRP3 inflammasome. Our study provides new insight into CATH-2 modulating immune response. (Source: Veterinary Research)
Source: Veterinary Research - September 5, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
The expression of GapA and CrmA correlates with the Mycoplasma gallisepticum in vitro infection process in chicken TOCs
In this study, we investigated the correlation between the host –pathogen interaction and the GapA/CrmA expression in an environment that represents the natural host’s multicellular compartment. We used an in vitro tracheal organ culture (TOC) model, allowing the investigation of theM. gallisepticum variants, Rlow, RCL1, RCL2, and Rhigh, under standardised conditions. In this regard, we examined the bacterial adherence, motility and colonisation pattern, host lesion development and alterations of mucociliary clearance. Compared to low virulent RCL2 and Rhigh, the high virulent Rlow and RCL1 were more efficient in adher...
Source: Veterinary Research - September 2, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Metabolomic changes in polyunsaturated fatty acids and eicosanoids as diagnostic biomarkers in Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP)-inoculated Holstein –Friesian heifers
This study demonstrates the validity of the metabolomic approach in studying MAP infections. Nevertheless, further work is required to define further key events, particularly at a cell-specific level. (Source: Veterinary Research)
Source: Veterinary Research - September 2, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Evaluation of alpaca tracheal explants as an ex vivo model for the study of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection
AbstractMiddle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) poses a serious threat to public health. Here, we established an ex vivo alpaca tracheal explant (ATE) model using an air-liquid interface culture system to gain insights into MERS-CoV infection in the camelid lower respiratory tract. ATE can be infected by MERS-CoV, being 103 TCID50/mL the minimum viral dosage required to establish a productive infection. IFNs and antiviral ISGs were not induced in ATE cultures in response to MERS-CoV infection, strongly suggesting that ISGs expression observed in vivo is rather a consequence of the IFN induction occurring in...
Source: Veterinary Research - September 2, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
