Insights on the effects of antimicrobial and heavy metal usage on the antimicrobial resistance profiles of pigs based on culture-independent studies
AbstractAntimicrobial resistance is a global threat to human, animal, and environmental health. In pig production, antimicrobials and heavy metals such as zinc oxide are commonly used for treatment and prevention of disease. Nevertheless, the effects of antimicrobials and heavy metals on the porcine resistome composition and the factors influencing this resistance profile are not fully understood. Advances in technologies to determine the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes in diverse sample types have enabled a more complete understanding of the resistome and the factors which influence its composition. The aim of ...
Source: Veterinary Research - February 23, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Temporal transcriptome profiling of floating apical out chicken enteroids suggest stability and reproducibility
AbstractEnteroids are miniature self-organising three-dimensional (3D) tissue cultures which replicate much of the complexity of the intestinal epithelium. We recently developed an apical-out leukocyte-containing chicken enteroid model providing a novel physiologically relevant in vitro tool to explore host –pathogen interactions in the avian gut. However, the replicate consistency and culture stability have not yet been fully explored at the transcript level. In addition, causes for the inability to passage apical-out enteroids were not determined. Here we report the transcriptional profiling of chi cken embryonic intes...
Source: Veterinary Research - February 15, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Using random forest to predict antimicrobial minimum inhibitory concentrations of nontyphoidal Salmonella in Taiwan
AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health issue and surveillance of AMR can be useful for understanding AMR trends and planning intervention strategies.Salmonella, widely distributed in food-producing animals, has been considered the first priority for inclusion in the AMR surveillance program by the World Health Organization (WHO). Recent advances in rapid and affordable whole-genome sequencing (WGS) techniques lead to the emergence of WGS as a one-stop test to predict the antimicrobial susceptibility. Since the variation of sequencing and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) measurement methods could re...
Source: Veterinary Research - February 6, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
A molecular epidemiological study on Escherichia coli in young chicks with colibacillosis identified two possible outbreaks across farms
AbstractAvian pathogenicEscherichia coli (APEC) is the cause of colibacillosis outbreaks in young poultry chicks, resulting in acute to peracute death. The high morbidity and mortality caused by colibacillosis results in poor animal welfare, reduced sustainability and economical loss worldwide. To advance the understanding of the molecular epidemiology, genomic relatedness and virulence traits of APEC, we performed systematic sampling from 45 confirmed colibacillosis broiler flocks with high first week mortality (FWM) during 2018 –2021. From these flocks, 219 APEC isolates were whole genome sequenced (WGS) and bioinforma...
Source: Veterinary Research - February 6, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus activates PERK-ROS axis to benefit its replication in Vero E6 cells
AbstractOf the three branches of unfolded protein response (UPR) that were reportedly activated by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), PERK is recently shown to act as an upstream regulator of oxidative response of the cells. However, it remains unknown if and how PERK activation during PEDV infection would result in oxidative stress, and whether activation of PERK and its downstream molecules affect PEDV replication. Here, we demonstrate that infection with the PEDV strain YJH/2015 triggered UPR in Vero E6 cells by activating the PERK/eIF2 α pathway and led to significant increase in the expression of proapoptotic pr...
Source: Veterinary Research - February 3, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Review on the methodology to assess respiratory tract lesions in pigs and their production impact
AbstractPorcine respiratory disease is one of the most important health problems in pig production worldwide. Cranioventral pulmonary consolidation (CVPC) and pleurisy are the two most common lesions in the respiratory tract of slaughtered pigs. The present review paper discusses pathogens involved in the lesions, lesion prevalence, scoring systems, advantages and disadvantages of slaughterhouse examination, and the impact of CVPC and pleurisy on performance, carcass, and meat quality. Cranioventral pulmonary consolidation and pleurisy in slaughter pigs are characteristic for infections withMycoplasma hyopneumoniae andActi...
Source: Veterinary Research - February 1, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Effector protein Hcp2a of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli interacts with the endoplasmatic reticulum associated RPL23 protein of chicken DF-1 fibroblasts
AbstractThe type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a secretion apparatus widely found in pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria and is important for competition among various bacteria and host cell pathogenesis. Hcp is a core component of functional T6SS and transports toxic effectors into target cells by assembling to form tube-like structures. Studies have shown that Hcp simultaneously acts as an effector to influence cellular physiological activities; however, the mechanism of its activity in host cells remains unclear. To investigate the target of effector protein Hcp2a in a chicken fibroblast cell line, we first detected the s...
Source: Veterinary Research - January 30, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Vimentin affects inflammation and neutrophil recruitment in airway epithelium during Streptococcus suis serotype 2 infection
This study provides insights into how vimentin promotes excessive airway inflammation, thereby exacerbating airway injury and SS2-induced systemic infection. (Source: Veterinary Research)
Source: Veterinary Research - January 30, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
DHAV 3CD targets IRF7 and RIG-I proteins to block the type I interferon upstream signaling pathway
AbstractDuck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1) is an acute, highly lethal infectious agent that infects ducklings and causes up to 95% mortality in ducklings up to 1 week of age, posing a significant economic threat to the duck farming industry. Previous studies have found that the proteolytic enzyme 3 C encoded by DHAV-1 can inhibit the IRF7 protein from blocking the upstream signaling pathway of the type I interferon to promote viral replication. However, there are still few studies on the mechanism of DHAV-1 in immune evasion. Here, we demonstrate that the DHAV-1 3CD protein can interact with IRF7 protein and reduce I...
Source: Veterinary Research - January 26, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
In-depth health surveillance and clinical nutrition in farmed Atlantic salmon: a strategic attempt to detect and mitigate an HSMI outbreak
In conclusion, we show that fish health and welfare can benefit from in-depth health monitoring. We also discuss the potential health value of clinical nutrition as a mean to mitigate HSMI. (Source: Veterinary Research)
Source: Veterinary Research - January 24, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Infectivity and transmissibility of an avian H3N1 influenza virus in pigs
AbstractIn 2019 a low pathogenic H3N1 avian influenza virus (AIV) caused an outbreak in Belgian poultry farms, characterized by an unusually high mortality in chickens. Influenza A viruses of the H1 and H3 subtype can infect pigs and become established in swine populations. Therefore, the H3N1 epizootic raised concern about AIV transmission to pigs and from pigs to humans. Here, we assessed the replication efficiency of this virus in explants of the porcine respiratory tract and in pigs, using virus titration and/or RT-qPCR. We also examined transmission from directly, intranasally inoculated pigs to contact pigs. The H3N1...
Source: Veterinary Research - January 24, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Fasciola hepatica primoinfections and reinfections in sheep drive distinct Th1/Th2/Treg immune responses in liver and hepatic lymph node at early and late stages
AbstractThe expression of proinflammatory (IL-1 β, IFN-γ, TNF-α) and regulatory (IL-10, TGF-β, IL-4) cytokines, as well as the transcription factor FoxP3, was quantified in the liver and hepatic lymph node (HLN) of sheep primoinfected and reinfected withFasciola hepatica at early (4, 8 and 16 days post-infection [dpi]) and late (100 dpi) stages. The liver exerted a Th2 immune response at very early stages after the primoinfection withF. hepatica that induced the downregulation of IFN- γ, followed by a Th1/Th2/Treg response although the late stages were characterised by the expression of Th1/Th2 immune mediators. Con...
Source: Veterinary Research - January 10, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Laminin-binding protein of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 influences zinc acquisition and cytokine responses
AbstractStreptococcus suis serotype 2 is an important bacterial pathogen of swine, responsible for substantial economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. The knowledge on the pathogenesis of the infection caused byS. suis is still poorly known. It has been previously described thatS. suis possesses at least one lipoprotein with double laminin and zinc (Zn)-binding properties, which was described in the literature as either laminin-binding protein (Lmb, as in the current study), lipoprotein 103, CDS 0330 or AdcAII. In the present study, the role of the Lmb in the pathogenesis of the infection caused byS. suis serotype...
Source: Veterinary Research - January 5, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Hemolysin function of Listeria is related to biofilm formation: transcriptomics analysis
AbstractListeriolysin O (LLO) is the main virulence protein ofListeria monocytogenes (LM), that helps LM escape lysosomes. We previously found that the cellular immune response elicited byL.ivanovii (LI) is weaker than that elicited by LM. We speculated that this may be related to the function of ivanolysin O (ILO). Here, we constructed hemolysin gene deletion strain, LI Δilo, and a modified strain, LI Δilo::hly, in whichilo was replaced byhly. Prokaryotic transcriptome sequencing was performed on LI, LI Δilo, and LI Δilo::hly. Transcriptome differences between the three strains were compared, and genes and pathways wi...
Source: Veterinary Research - December 31, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Correction: HA gene amino acid mutations contribute to antigenic variation and immune escape of H9N2 influenza virus
(Source: Veterinary Research)
Source: Veterinary Research - December 19, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
