ZNF283, a Kr üppel-associated box zinc finger protein, inhibits RNA synthesis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by interacting with Nsp9 and Nsp10
In this study, we found that ZNF283, a Kr üppel-associated box (KRAB) containing zinc finger protein, was upregulated in PRRSV-infected Marc-145 cells and porcine alveolar macrophages and that ZNF283 inhibited PRRSV replication and RNA synthesis. We also found that ZNF283 interacts with the viral proteins Nsp9, an RNA-dependent RNA polymer ase, and Nsp10, a helicase. The main regions involved in the interaction between ZNF283 and Nsp9 were determined to be the KRAB domain of ZNF283 and amino acids 178–449 of Nsp9. The KRAB domain of ZNF283 plays a role in facilitating Nsp10 binding. In addition, ZNF283 may have an affin...
Source: Veterinary Research - January 15, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Phenotypic and genotypic assessment of iron acquisition in diverse bovine-associated non-aureus staphylococcal strains
This study aimed at elucidating differences between four diverse bovine NASM field strains from two species, namelyS. chromogenes andS. equorum, in regards to iron uptake (with ferritin and lactoferrin as an iron source) and siderophore production (staphyloferrin A and staphyloferrin B) by investigating the relationship between the genetic basis of iron acquisition through whole genome sequencing (WGS) with their observed phenotypic behavior. The four field strains were isolated in a previous study from composite cow milk (CCM) and bulk tank milk (BTM) in a Flemish dairy herd. Additionally, two well-studiedS. chromogenes i...
Source: Veterinary Research - January 12, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
The role of PB1-F2 in adaptation of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus H7N7 in chickens
AbstractAvian influenza viruses (AIV) of the H7N7 subtype are enzootic in the wild bird reservoir in Europe, cause infections in poultry, and have sporadically infected humans. The non-structural protein PB1-F2 is encoded in a second open frame in the polymerase segment PB1 and its sequence varies with the host of origin. While mammalian isolates predominantly carry truncated forms, avian isolates typically express full-length PB1-F2. PB1-F2 is a virulence factor of influenza viruses in mammals. It modulates the host immune response, causing immunopathology and increases pro-inflammatory responses. The role of full-length ...
Source: Veterinary Research - January 3, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Quantitative label-free proteomic analysis of excretory-secretory proteins in different developmental stages of Trichinella spiralis
AbstractTrichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) is a zoonotic parasitic nematode with a unique life cycle, as all developmental stages are contained within a single host. Excretory-secretory (ES) proteins are the main targets of the interactions betweenT. spiralis and the host at different stages of development and are essential for parasite survival. However, the ES protein profiles ofT. spiralis at different developmental stages have not been characterized. The proteomes of ES proteins from different developmental stages, namely, muscle larvae (ML), intestinal infective larvae (IIL), preadult (PA) 6 h, PA 30 h, adult (Ad) ...
Source: Veterinary Research - January 3, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Galectin from Trichinella spiralis alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice by regulating the intestinal microbiota
AbstractAccording to numerous reports,Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) and its antigens can reduce intestinal inflammation by modulating regulatory immunological responses in the host to maintain immune homeostasis. Galectin has been identified as a protein that is produced byT. spiralis, and its characterization revealed this protein has possible immune regulatory activity. However, whether recombinantT. spiralis galectin (rTs-gal) can cure dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis remains unknown. Here, the ability ofrTs-gal to ameliorate experimental colitis in mice with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as well as ...
Source: Veterinary Research - January 3, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Non-coding RNA in the gut of the blood-feeding parasitic worm, Haemonchus contortus
AbstractThe intestine ofHaemonchus contortus is an essential tissue that has been indicated to be a major target for the prevention of haemonchosis caused by this parasitic nematode of small ruminants. Biological peculiarities of the intestine warrant in-depth exploitation, which can be leveraged for future disease control efforts. Here, we determined the intestinal ncRNA (lncRNA, circRNA and miRNA) atlas using whole-transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics approaches. In total, 4846 novel lncRNA, 982 circRNA, 96 miRNA (65 known and 31 novel) and 8821 mRNA were identified from theH. contortus intestine. The features of ...
Source: Veterinary Research - January 3, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Characteristics of the a sequence of the duck Plague virus genome and specific cleavage of the viral genome based on the a sequence
In this study, we analysed the location, composition, and conservation ofa sequence in the duck plague virus genome. The structure of the DPV genome has ana sequence of (DR4)m-(DR2)n-pac1-S termini (32 bp)-L termini (32 bp)-pac2, and the length is 841 bp. Direct repeat (DR) sequences are conserved in different DPV strains, but the number of DR copies is inconsistent. Additionally, the typical DR1 sequence was not found in the DPVa sequence. ThePac1 andpac2 motifs are relatively conserved between DPV and other herpesviruses. Cleavage of the DPV concatemeric genome was detected, and the results showed that the DPV genom...
Source: Veterinary Research - January 3, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Vidofludimus inhibits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection by targeting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase
In this study we performed a high-throughput screening (HTS) of an FDA-approved drug library, which contained 2339 compounds, and found vidofludimus (Vi) could significantly inhibits PRRSV replication in Marc-14 5 cells and primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). Compounds target prediction, molecular docking analysis, and target protein interference assay showed that Vi interacts with dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway. Furthermore, PRRSV infection was restored in the presence of excess uridine and cytidine which promote pyrimidine salvage, or exce...
Source: Veterinary Research - December 20, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by bedaquiline as an anti-Toxoplasma alternative
This study demonstrates that bedaquiline (BDQ), an FDA-approved diarylquinoline antimycobacterial drug for the treatment of tuberculosis, potently inhibits the tachyzoites ofT. gondii. At a safe concentration, BDQ displayed a dose-dependent inhibition onT. gondii growth with a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 4.95 μM. Treatment with BDQ significantly suppressed the proliferation ofT. gondii tachyzoites in the host cell, while the invasion ability of the parasite was not affected. BDQ incubation shrunk the mitochondrial structure and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP level ofT. gondii p...
Source: Veterinary Research - December 19, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Early detection of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis with artificial intelligence
AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) was developed to distinguish cattle by their muzzle patterns and identify early cases of disease, including infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK). It was tested on 870 cattle in four locations, with 170 developing IBK. The AI identified 169 of the 170 cases prior to their identification by veterinarians, and another 17 cases that remained free of IBK signs (sensitivity = 99.4%, specificity = 97.6%). These results indicate the AI can detect emerging IBK cases by muzzle images very early in the disease process and be used as an intervention tool in the prevention of IBK ou...
Source: Veterinary Research - December 15, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Differential infection behavior of African swine fever virus (ASFV) genotype I and II in the upper respiratory tract
This study demonstrated that ASFV may use the respiratory mucosa for entry using different cell types for replication with a genotype difference in their infection of respiratory epithelial cells. (Source: Veterinary Research)
Source: Veterinary Research - December 15, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
The secretome of Staphylococcus aureus strains with opposite within-herd epidemiological behavior affects bovine mononuclear cell response
In conclusion, the challenge of PBMC to the GTS/ST398 secretome strongly impaired cell viability, while exposure to the GTB/ST8 secretome increased cell viability and enhanced a pro-inflammatory response, further highlighting the different effects exerted on host cells byS. aureus strains with epidemiologically divergent behaviors. (Source: Veterinary Research)
Source: Veterinary Research - December 14, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Protective efficacy of multiepitope vaccines constructed from common antigens of Eimeria species in chickens
In this study, we designed a fusion gene fragment, 14EGT, that contained concentrated T-cell epitopes from four common antigens ofEimeria species (14-3-3, elongation factor 2, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and transhydrogenase). The multiepitope DNA vaccine pVAX1-14EGT and recombinant protein vaccine pET-32a-14EGT (r14EGT) were then created based on the 14EGT fragment. Subsequently, cellular and humoral immune responses were measured in vaccinated chickens. Vaccination-challenge trials were also conducted, where the birds were vaccinated with the 14EGT preparations and later exposed to single or multipleEimeria...
Source: Veterinary Research - December 13, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Streptococcus ruminantium-associated sheep mastitis outbreak detected in Italy is distinct from bovine isolates
We report for the first time, a severe ovine mastitis outbreak caused byS. ruminantium in Italy, 2022.S. ruminantium was isolated from 12 adult lactating ewes with diffuse nodules in the mammary parenchyma and predominantly serous and clotted milk. All outbreak isolates, along with five additional historical Italian isolates (between 2011 and 2017), were genomically characterised and then analysed in the context of all publicly availableS. ruminantium genomes. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed to determine the MICs of 16 antibiotics. The results showed that all isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobia...
Source: Veterinary Research - December 12, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Molecular characteristics and pathogenicity of a novel chicken astrovirus variant
AbstractIt is well-established that the genetic diversity, regional prevalence, and broad host range of astroviruses significantly impact the poultry industry. In July 2022, a small-scale commercial broiler farm in China reported cases of growth retardation and a 3% mortality rate. From chickens displaying proventriculitis and pancreatitis, three chicken astroviruses (CAstV) isolates were obtained and named SDAU2022-1-3. Complete genomic sequencing and analysis revealed the unique characteristics of these isolates from known CAstV strains in ORF1a, ORF1b, and ORF2 genes, characterized by an unusually high variability. Anal...
Source: Veterinary Research - December 8, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
