Genotyping and biofilm formation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and their association with virulence
AbstractMycoplasma hyopneumoniae, the causative agent of swine respiratory disease, demonstrates differences in virulence. However, factors associated with this variation remain unknown. We herein evaluated the association between differences in virulence and genotypes as well as phenotype (i.e., biofilm formation ability). Strains 168 L, RM48, XLW-2, and J show low virulence and strains 232, 7448, 7422, 168, NJ, and LH show high virulence, as determined through animal challenge experiments, complemented with in vitro tracheal mucosa infection tests. These 10 strains with known virulence were then subjected to classifica...
Source: Veterinary Research - November 17, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Regulation of alphaherpesvirus protein via post-translational phosphorylation
AbstractAn alphaherpesvirus carries dozens of viral proteins in the envelope, tegument and capsid structure, and each protein plays an indispensable role in virus adsorption, invasion, uncoating and release. After infecting the host, a virus eliminates unfavourable factors via multiple mechanisms to escape or suppress the attack of the host immune system. Post-translational modification of proteins, especially phosphorylation, regulates changes in protein conformation and biological activity through a series of complex mechanisms. Many viruses have evolved mechanisms to leverage host phosphorylation systems to regulate vir...
Source: Veterinary Research - November 17, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Sex —the most underappreciated variable in research: insights from helminth-infected hosts
AbstractThe sex of a host affects the intensity, prevalence, and severity of helminth infection. In many cases, one sex has been found to be more susceptible than the other, with the prevalence and intensity of helminth infections being generally higher among male than female hosts; however, many exceptions exist. This observed sex bias in parasitism results primarily from ecological, behavioural, and physiological differences between males and females. Complex interactions between these influences modulate the risk of infection. Indeed, an interplay among sex hormones, sex chromosomes, the microbiome and the immune system...
Source: Veterinary Research - November 17, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Multi-locus sequence analysis reveals great genetic diversity among Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae strains in Asia
AbstractMulti-Locus Sequence Analysis (MLSA) ofMycoplasma capricolum subsp.capripneumoniae (Mccp) strains from Asia revealed unforeseen diversity and a central position for genotyping groups representing strains from Central/East Asia, suggesting a possible origin of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in this continent. A better assessment of the emergence, diversity and distribution of Mccp in Asia and Africa calls for renewed efforts to dramatically enlarge the sample of strains. Availability and affordability in the field, added to superior typeability (directly from poor samples) and high stability, discriminatory powe...
Source: Veterinary Research - November 14, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
How Streptococcus suis escapes antibiotic treatments
AbstractStreptococcus suis is a zoonotic agent that causes sepsis and meningitis in pigs and humans.S. suis infections are responsible for large economic losses in pig production. The lack of effective vaccines to prevent the disease has promoted the extensive use of antibiotics worldwide. This has been followed by the emergence of resistance against different classes of antibiotics. The rates of resistance to tetracyclines, lincosamides, and macrolides are extremely high, and resistance has spread worldwide. The genetic origin ofS. suis resistance is multiple and includes the production of target-modifying and antibiotic-...
Source: Veterinary Research - November 12, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
FABP4-mediated lipid droplet formation in Streptococcus uberis-infected macrophages supports host defence
AbstractFoamy macrophages containing prominent cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs) are found in a variety of infectious diseases. However, their role inStreptococcus uberis-induced mastitis is unknown. Herein, we report thatS. uberis infection enhances the fatty acid synthesis pathway in macrophages, resulting in a sharp increase in LD levels, accompanied by a significantly enhanced inflammatory response. This process is mediated by the involvement of fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), a subtype of the fatty acid-binding protein family that plays critical roles in metabolism and inflammation. In addition, FABP4 siRNA inhib...
Source: Veterinary Research - November 12, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Long noncoding RNA IRF1-AS is associated with peste des petits ruminants infection
This study suggests that IRF1-AS could be a new host factor target for developing antiviral therapies against PPRV infection. (Source: Veterinary Research)
Source: Veterinary Research - October 28, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Heat-labile enterotoxin enhances F4-producing enterotoxigenic E. coli adhesion to porcine intestinal epithelial cells by upregulating bacterial adhesins and STb enterotoxin
AbstractAs one of the crucial enterotoxins secreted by enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli (ETEC), heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) enhances bacterial adherence both in vivo and in vitro; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. To address this, we evaluated the adherence of LT-producing and LT-deficient ETEC strains using the IPEC-J2 cell model. The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and tight-junction proteins were evaluated in IPEC-J2 cells after infection with various ETEC strains. Further, the levels of adhesins and enterotoxins were also evaluated in F4ac-producing ETEC (F4 + ETEC) str...
Source: Veterinary Research - October 27, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Risk of transmission of foot-and-mouth disease by wild animals: infection dynamics in Japanese wild boar following direct inoculation or contact exposure
AbstractUnderstanding of disease dynamics and viral shedding in wild boar and of the potential for disease spreading within wild boar and domestic pig populations is critical for developing effective control and eradication measures for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Accordingly, we infected experimentally wild boar and domestic pigs with FMD virus (FMDV) strains O/TAI/315/2016 and A/MOG/2013, and studied their susceptibility and viral transmissibility in both populations. Similar to FMDV-infected pigs, wild boar inoculated with both viruses exhibited vesicular lesions on their feet, snout, tongue and lip, although they did...
Source: Veterinary Research - October 22, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Effects of exosomes derived from Trichinella spiralis infective larvae on intestinal epithelial barrier function
In conclusion,TsExos are involved in several cellular biological processes, and they function by disrupting physiological and biochemical processes, hyperactivating innate immunity, and damaging tight junctions. (Source: Veterinary Research)
Source: Veterinary Research - October 22, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
A novel C-type lectin from Trichinella spiralis mediates larval invasion of host intestinal epithelial cells
AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of a novel type C lectin fromTrichinella spiralis (TsCTL) and its role in larval invasion of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). TsCTL has a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of C-type lectin. The full-length TsCTL cDNA sequence was cloned and expressed inEscherichia coli BL21. The results of qPCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays (IFAs) showed that TsCTL was a surface and secretory protein that was highly expressed at theT. spiralis intestinal infective larva (IIL) stages and primarily located at the cuticle, stichosome and embryos of t...
Source: Veterinary Research - October 18, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Species identification by MALDI-TOF MS and gap PCR –RFLP of non-aureus Staphylococcus, Mammaliicoccus, and Streptococcus spp. associated with sheep and goat mastitis
In conclusion, MALDI-TOF MS and PCR–RFLP showed a high level of agreement in the identification of the most prevalent NAS and streptococci causing small ruminant mastitis. Therefore,gap PCR –RFLP can represent a good identification alternative when MALDI-TOF MS is not available. Nevertheless, some issues remain forStaph. haemolyticus, minor NAS species includingStaph. microti, and species of the novel genusMammaliicoccus. (Source: Veterinary Research)
Source: Veterinary Research - October 15, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
The important role of NLRP6 inflammasome in Pasteurella multocida infection
In this study, the mechanism ofP. multocida-induced NLRP6 inflammasome activation was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Firstly,P. multocida induced severe inflammation with a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrating the lungs of WT andNlrp6−/− mice.Nlrp6−/− mice were more susceptible toP. multocida infection and they had more bacterial burden in the lungs. Then, the recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils in the lungs was investigated and the results show that the number of immune cells was significantly decreased inNlrp6−/− mice. Subsequently, NLRP6 was shown to regulateP. multocida-induced inflamm...
Source: Veterinary Research - October 12, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Chicken miR-126-5p negatively regulates antiviral innate immunity by targeting TRAF3
AbstractInnate immunity plays an essential role in preventing the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms. However, innate immunity is a double-edged sword, whose excessive activation is detrimental to immune homeostasis and even leads to a “cytokine storm” of the infected host. The host develops a series of negative regulatory mechanisms to balance the immune response. Here, we report a negative regulatory mechanism of chicken innate immunity mediated by miRNA. In the GEO database, we found that miR-126-5p was markedly up-regula ted in chickens infected by RNA viruses. Upregulation of miR-126-5p by RNA virus was then...
Source: Veterinary Research - October 12, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Baicalin acts as an adjuvant to potentiate the activity of azithromycin against Staphylococcus saprophyticus biofilm: an in vitro, in vivo, and molecular study
This study indicated that baicalin has the potential to be an adjuvant to enhance the antimicrobial activity of azithromycin against MDRSS in the biofilm form by modulating the WalK/R system. (Source: Veterinary Research)
Source: Veterinary Research - October 12, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
