Impact of palmiped farm density on the resilience of the poultry sector to highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 in France
AbstractWe analysed the interplay between palmiped farm density and the vulnerability of the poultry production system to highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8. To do so, we used a spatially-explicit transmission model, which was calibrated to reproduce the observed spatio-temporal distribution of outbreaks in France during the 2016 –2017 epidemic of HPAI. Six scenarios were investigated, in which the density of palmiped farms was decreased in the municipalities with the highest palmiped farm density. For each of the six scenarios, we first calculated the spatial distribution of the basic reproduction number (R0)...
Source: Veterinary Research - July 10, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Evaluation of the performance of the IFN- γ release assay in bovine tuberculosis free herds from five European countries
AbstractThe diagnostic methods for granting and maintenance of the official tuberculosis-free (OTF) status and for intra-Community movement of cattle are the tuberculin skin tests (single or comparative) and the interferon- γ (IFN-γ) release assay (IGRA). However, until now, IGRAs have been primarily applied in infected farms in parallel to the skin test to maximize the number of infected animals detected. Therefore, an evaluation of the performance of IGRAs in OTF herds to assess whether if their specificity is equa l to or higher than that of the skin tests is needed. For this, a panel of 4365 plasma samples coming fro...
Source: Veterinary Research - July 4, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
A pathogenic and recombinant infectious bronchitis virus variant (CK/CH/GX/202109) with multiorgan tropism
This study aimed to characterize the IBV isolate CK/CH/GX/202109 from three yellow broilers in Guangxi, China. Recombination was shown to have occurred in regions of the1ab gene. Compared to the whole genome of ck/CH/LGX/130530, which is genotypically related to tl/CH/LDT3-03, the 202109 strain had 21 mutations. The pathological assessment showed that this variant caused 30% and 40% mortality in 1-day-old chicks infected with oral and ocular inoculum, respectively. Nephritis, enlarged proventriculus, inflammation of the gizzard, and atrophy of the bursa of Fabricius were also observed at both 7 and 14 days post-infection...
Source: Veterinary Research - July 3, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Interleukin-22 facilitates the interferon- λ-mediated production of tripartite motif protein 25 to inhibit replication of duck viral hepatitis A virus type 1
AbstractThe innate immune system provides a defense against invading pathogens by inducing various interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs). We recently reported that tripartite motif protein 25 (TRIM25), an important ISG, was highly upregulated in duck embryo hepatocyte cells (DEFs) after infection with duck viral hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1). However, the mechanism of upregulation of TRIM25 remains unknown. Here we reported that interleukin-22 (IL-22), whose expression was highly facilitated in DEFs and various organs of 1-day-old ducklings after DHAV-1 infection, highly enhanced the IFN- λ-induced production of TR...
Source: Veterinary Research - June 30, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Exosome-delivered miR-153 from Trichinella spiralis promotes apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells by downregulating Bcl2
AbstractTrichinellosis, a helminthic zoonosis, exhibits a cosmopolitan distribution and is a public health concern. In previous studies, it was reported that the exosomes secreted byTrichinella spiralis larvae (TsExos) largely affected cell biological activities. miRNAs, as exosome-delivered cargoes, affect the biological activities of the host by targeting genes. The present study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which miRNAs interact with intestinal epithelial cells. First, a miRNA library ofTsExos was constructed; then, based on high-throughput miRNA sequencing results, miR-153 and its predicted target genes, namely...
Source: Veterinary Research - June 28, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Differentially expressed transcripts of Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (Cnidaria) between carrier and dead-end hosts involved in key biological processes: novel insights from a coupled approach of FACS and RNA sequencing
AbstractTetracapsuloides bryosalmonae is a malacosporean endoparasite that infects a wide range of salmonids and causes proliferative kidney disease (PKD). Brown trout serves as a carrier host whereas rainbow trout represents a dead-end host. We thus asked if the parasite adapts to the different hosts by changing molecular mechanisms. We used fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS) to isolate parasites from the kidney of brown trout and rainbow trout following experimental infection withT. bryosalmonae. The sorted parasite cells were then subjected to RNA sequencing. By this approach, we identified 1120 parasite transcri...
Source: Veterinary Research - June 26, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Low let-7d microRNA levels in chick embryos enhance innate immunity against Mycoplasma gallisepticum by suppressing the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway
In conclusion, chick embryos protect themselves against MG infection through the innate immune molecule let-7d, which may result from its function as an inhibitor of the MAPK pathway to effectively mitigate MG adhesion, the inflammatory response and cell apoptosis. This study may provide new insight into the development of vaccines against MG. (Source: Veterinary Research)
Source: Veterinary Research - June 19, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Identification of a novel risk factor for chronic wasting disease (CWD) in elk: S100G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the prion protein gene (PRNP)
AbstractPrion diseases are fatal and malignant infectious encephalopathies induced by the pathogenic form of prion protein (PrPSc) originating from benign prion protein (PrPC). A previous study reported that the M132L single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the prion protein gene (PRNP) is associated with susceptibility to chronic wasting disease (CWD) in elk. However, a recent meta-analysis integrated previous studies that did not find an association between the M132L SNP and susceptibility to CWD. Thus, there is controversy about the effect of M132L SNP on susceptibility to CWD. In the present study, we investigated nove...
Source: Veterinary Research - June 16, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Improving the consistency of experimental swine dysentery inoculation strategies
AbstractSwine dysentery (SD) caused by pathogenicBrachyspira spp. is an economic challenge for the swine industry. In research settings, experimental reproduction of swine dysentery typically relies on intragastric inoculation which has shown variable success. This project aimed to improve the consistency of the experimental inoculation protocol used for swine dysentery in our laboratory. Over six experiments, we evaluated the influence of group housing in inoculated pigs using a frozen-thawed broth culture of strongly hemolyticB. hyodysenteriae strain D19 (Trial A), compared the relative virulence ofB. hyodysenteriae stra...
Source: Veterinary Research - June 16, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
A novel live attenuated duck Tembusu virus vaccine targeting N7 methyltransferase protects ducklings against pathogenic strains
In this study, we investigated the immunogenicity and immunoprotection of N7-MTase defective recombinant DTMUV K61A, K182A and E218A in ducklings. These three mutants were highly attenuated in both virulence and proliferation in ducklings but still immunogenic. Furthermore, a single-dose immunization with K61A, K182A or E218A could induce robust T cell responses and humoral immune responses, which could protect ducks from the challenge of a lethal-dose of DTMUV-CQW1. Together, this study provides an ideal strategy to design LAVs for DTMUV by targeting N7-MTase without changing the antigen composition. This attenuated strat...
Source: Veterinary Research - June 12, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Absence of changes in the milk microbiota during Escherichia coli endotoxin induced experimental bovine mastitis
In this study we experimentally induced mastitis by infusion ofEscherichia coli endotoxins in one udder quarter each of nine healthy lactating dairy cows and assessed the bacteriological dynamics and the milk microbiota at four time points before and eight time points after infusion. As control, saline was infused in one udder quarter each of additionally nine healthy cows that followed the same sampling protocol. The milk microbiota was assessed by sequencing of the 16 S rRNA gene and a range of positive and negative controls were included for methodological evaluation. Two different data filtration models were used to ...
Source: Veterinary Research - June 8, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Cefquinome shows a higher impact on the pig gut microbiome and resistome compared to ceftiofur
AbstractCephalosporins are licensed for treatment of severe bacterial infections in different species. However, the effect of these antimicrobials on the fecal microbiome and potential spread of resistance-associated genes causes great concern. This highlights the need to understand the impact of cephalosporins on the porcine fecal microbiome and resistome. A combination of long-read 16S rRNA gene and shotgun metagenomic sequencing was applied to investigate the effect of conventional treatment with either ceftiofur (3 mg.kg−1 intramuscular, 3 consecutive days) or cefquinome (2 mg.kg−1 intramuscular, 5 consecutive ...
Source: Veterinary Research - June 6, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Endogenous and viral microRNAs in nasal secretions of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) after Bubaline alphaherpesvirus 1 (BuHV-1) challenge infection
This study aimed at (a) unravelling the ability of BuHV-1 to produce miRNAs, including hv1-miR-B6, hv1-miR-B8, hv1-miR-B9; (b) measuring the host immune-related miRNAs associated to herpesvirus infection, including miR-210-3p, miR-490-3p, miR-17-5p, miR-148a-3p, miR-338-3p, miR-370-3p, by RT-qPCR; (c) identifying candidate markers of infection by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves; (d) exploiting the biological functions by pathway enrichment analyses. Five water buffaloes BuHV-1 andBovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) free were immunized against Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR). Five additional water buff...
Source: Veterinary Research - June 5, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
NDV-induced autophagy enhances inflammation through NLRP3/Caspase-1 inflammasomes and the p38/MAPK pathway
This study confirmed that NDV infection could trigger autophagy in DF-1 cells to promote cytopathic and viral replication. NDV-induced autophagy was positively correlated with the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 β, IL-8, IL-18, CCL-5, and TNF-α, suggesting that NDV-induced autophagy promotes the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Further investigation demonstrated that NLRP3 protein expression, Caspase-1 activity, and p38 phosphorylation level positively correlated with autophagy, suggesting that NDV-i nduced autophagy could promote the expression of inflammatory cytokines through NLRP3/Caspase-1 in...
Source: Veterinary Research - June 5, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
The morphology and metabolic changes of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae during its growth as a biofilm
AbstractActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is an important swine respiratory pathogen. Previous studies have suggested that growth as a biofilm is a natural state ofA. pleuropneumoniae infection. To understand the survival features involved in the biofilm state, the growth features, morphology and gene expression profiles of planktonic and biofilmA. pleuropneumoniae were compared.A. pleuropneumoniae in biofilms showed reduced viability but maintained the presence of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) after late log-phase. Under the microscope, bacteria in biofilms formed dense aggregated structures that were connected b...
Source: Veterinary Research - May 26, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
