Priming of the murine mammary gland with Staphylococcus chromogenes IM reduces bacterial growth of Streptococcus uberis: a proof-of-concept study
AbstractStreptococcus uberis is a major causative agent of bovine mastitis, an inflammation of the mammary gland with substantial economic consequences. To reduce antibiotic use in animal agriculture, alternative strategies to treat or prevent mastitis are being investigated. Bovine-associated non-aureus staphylococci are proposed in that respect due to their capacity to inhibit the in vitro growth ofS. uberis. We demonstrate that priming the murine mammary gland withStaphylococcus chromogenes IM reducesS. uberis growth in comparison with non-primed glands. The innate immune system is activated by increasing IL-8 and LCN2,...
Source: Veterinary Research - March 27, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
The novel Nsp9-interacting host factor H2BE promotes PEDV replication by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis
In conclusion, these studies revealed the mechanism by which H2BE is associated with ER stress-mediated apoptosis to regulate PEDV replication. Nsp9 upregulates H2BE. H2BE plays a role in inhibiting apoptosis and thus facilitating viral replication, whic h depends on the N-terminal region of H2BE (amino acids 1–28). These findings provide a reference for host–PEDV interactions and offer the possibility for developing strategies for PEDV decontamination and prevention. (Source: Veterinary Research)
Source: Veterinary Research - March 22, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Effect of phage vB_EcoM_FJ1 on the reduction of ETEC O9:H9 infection in a neonatal pig cell line
AbstractEnterotoxigenicEscherichia coli (ETEC) colonizes the intestine of young pigs causing severe diarrhoea and consequently bringing high production costs. The rise of antibiotic selective pressure together with ongoing limitations on their use, demands new strategies to tackle this pathology. The pertinence of using bacteriophages as an alternative is being explored, and in this work, the efficacy of phage vB_EcoM_FJ1 (FJ1) in reducing the load of ETEC EC43-Ph (serotype O9:H9 expressing the enterotoxin STa and two adhesins F5 and F41) was assessed. Foreseeing the oral application on piglets, FJ1 was encapsulated on cal...
Source: Veterinary Research - March 22, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Nonstructural proteins 2B and 4A of Tembusu virus induce complete autophagy to promote viral multiplication in vitro
AbstractTembusu virus (TMUV) is an emerging flavivirus that has broken out in different regions of China. TMUV infection has been reported to induce autophagy in duck embryo fibroblast cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this autophagy induction remain unclear. Here, we explored the interactions between autophagy and TMUV and the effects of the structural and nonstructural proteins of TMUV on autophagy in vitro. Among our results, TMUV infection enhanced autophagy to facilitate viral replication in HEK293T cells. After pharmacologically inducing autophagy with rapamycin (Rapa), the replication of TMUV incre...
Source: Veterinary Research - March 14, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Clearance of bacteria from lymph nodes in sheep immunized with Brucella suis S2 vaccine is associated with M1 macrophage activation
AbstractOvine brucellosis is a global zoonotic disease of sheep caused byBrucella melitensis, which inflicts a significant burden on human and animal health.Brucella suis strain S2 (B. suis S2) is a smooth live attenuated vaccine for the prevention of ovine brucellosis in China. However, no previous studies have assessed the immunogenicity of B. suis S2 vaccine after oral immunization in sheep. Here, we attempted to evaluate the ovine immune response over the course of B. suis S2 immunization and to identify in vivo predictors for vaccine development. Body temperature, serumBrucella antibodies, serum cytokines (IL-12p70 an...
Source: Veterinary Research - March 14, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Guanylate-binding protein 1 inhibits nuclear delivery of pseudorabies virus by disrupting structure of actin filaments
AbstractThe alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (PRV) is the causative agent of pseudorabies, responsible for severe economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. The interferon-inducible GTPase guanylate-binding protein 1 (GBP1) exhibits antiviral immunity. Our findings show that there is a robust upregulation in the expression of porcine GBP1 during PRV infection. GBP1 knockout promotes PRV infection, while GBP1 overexpression restricts it. Importantly, we found that GBP1 impeded the normal structure of actin filaments in a GTPase-dependent manner, preventing PRV virions from reaching the nucleus. We also discovered t...
Source: Veterinary Research - March 14, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Curcumin-dependent phenotypic transformation of microglia mediates resistance to pseudorabies-induced encephalitis
In this study, BV2 cells were infected with/without PRV for 24 h and further treated with/without CUR for 24 h. The results indicated that CUR promoted the polarization of PRV-infected BV2 cells from the M1 phenotype to the M2 phenotype and reversed PRV-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, M1 BV2 cell secretions induced signalling pathways leading to apoptosis in PC-12 neuronal cells, and this effect was abrogated by the secretions of M2 BV2 cells. RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis predicted that this phenotypic shift may be due to changes in energy metabolism. Furthermore, Western blot analysis show...
Source: Veterinary Research - March 14, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Orf virus induces complete autophagy to promote viral replication via inhibition of AKT/mTOR and activation of the ERK1/2/mTOR signalling pathway in OFTu cells
In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of autophagy induced by ORFV in OFTu cells and the impact of autophagy on ORFV replication. By using specific autophagy inhibitors and activators, Western blotting, immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy imaging, we confirmed that ORFV infection triggered intracellular autophagosome accumulation and the activation of autophagic flux. Moreover, ORFV-induced autophagic activity was found to rely on an increase in the phosphorylation of tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) and a decrease in the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), whi...
Source: Veterinary Research - March 14, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 enters leghorn male hepatocellular cells via the clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway
AbstractHepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) induced by fowl adenovirus serotype-4 (FAdV-4) has caused large economic losses to the world poultry industry in recent years. HHS is characterized by pericardial effusion and hepatitis, manifesting as a swollen liver with focal necroses and petechial haemorrhage. However, the process of FAdV-4 entry into hepatic cells remains largely unknown. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study on the entry mechanism of FAdV-4 into leghorn male hepatocellular (LMH) cells. We first observed that FAdV-4 internalization was inhibited by chlorpromazine and clathrin heavy chain (CHC...
Source: Veterinary Research - March 14, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Short-chain dehydrogenases in Haemonchus contortus: changes during life cycle and in relation to drug-resistance
AbstractShort-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs) regulate the activities of many hormones and other signaling molecules and participate in the deactivation of various carbonyl-bearing xenobiotics. Nevertheless, knowledge about these important enzymes in helminths remains limited. The aim of our study was to characterize the SDR superfamily in the parasitic nematodeHaemonchus contortus. Genome localization of SDRs was explored, and phylogenetic analysis in comparison with SDRs from free-living nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans and the domestic sheep (Ovis aries, a typical host ofH. contortus) was constructed. The expressio...
Source: Veterinary Research - March 7, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
An inventory of adjuvants used for vaccination in horses: the past, the present and the future
AbstractVaccination is one of the most widely used strategies to protect horses against pathogens. However, available equine vaccines often have limitations, as they do not always provide effective, long-term protection and booster injections are often required. In addition, research efforts are needed to develop effective vaccines against emerging equine pathogens. In this review, we provide an inventory of approved adjuvants for equine vaccines worldwide, and discuss their composition and mode of action when available. A wide range of adjuvants are used in marketed vaccines for horses, the main families being aluminium s...
Source: Veterinary Research - March 2, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
A protein-based subunit vaccine with biological adjuvants provides effective protection against Pasteurella multocida in pigs
In this study, recombinant PMT-NC (rPMT-NC) protein antigen was formulated with either recombinant Sly (rSly) or CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG) as the adjuvant. The immune responses elicited by these vaccines and the protective efficacy after challenge with liveP. multocida were evaluated in piglets. In the dose-dependent test, piglets immunized with the low dose (100 µg) of rSly had increased antigen-specific total IgG, interferon (IFN)-γ gene expression, and CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell populations. Compared to piglets in the commercial (Al-gel) adjuvant and the control groups (p < 0.05), piglets in the biological a...
Source: Veterinary Research - March 2, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Long-term follow-up of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae-specific immunity in vaccinated pigs
This study documents the long-termM. hyopneumoniae vaccine-induced immune responses in fattening pigs under field conditions. Further research is warranted to investigate the influence of a natural infection on these responses. (Source: Veterinary Research)
Source: Veterinary Research - March 1, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
The effect of O-antigen length determinant wzz on the immunogenicity of Salmonella Typhimurium for Escherichia coli O2 O-polysaccharides delivery
This study sheds light on the role of OAg length inSalmonella characteristics, which may have a potential application in optimizing the efficacy of delivered polysaccharide vaccines. (Source: Veterinary Research)
Source: Veterinary Research - February 27, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis related Enterococcus cecorum isolates are genetically distinct from the commensal population and are more virulent in an embryo mortality model
AbstractBacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) is a common cause of broiler lameness. Bacteria that are found in BCO lesions are intestinal bacteria that are proposed to have translocated through the intestinal epithelium and have spread systemically. One of the specific bacterial species frequently isolated in BCO cases isEnterococcus cecorum. In the current study, caecal isolates were obtained from birds derived from healthy flocks (12 isolates from 6 flocks), while isolates derived from caeca, colon, pericardium, caudal thoracic vertebrae, coxo-femoral joint, knee joint and intertarsal joint (hock) were obta...
Source: Veterinary Research - February 23, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
