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Balancing neuronal activity to fight neurodevelopmental disorders
Trends Neurosci. 2024 Mar 22:S0166-2236(24)00039-0. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.03.002. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIn a recent study, Rylaarsdam and colleagues revealed that mutant PACS1 gene, which causes a rare neurodevelopmental syndrome, affects the firing ability of human neurons without dysregulating the cellular architecture of brain organoids. These findings suggest aberrant neuronal electrophysiology as a possible interventional target for pediatric diseases impairing brain development.PMID:38521709 | DOI:10.1016/j.tins.2024.03.002 (Source: Trends in Neurosciences)
Source: Trends in Neurosciences - March 23, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Stephanie Le Carmen Menacho Alessandro Prigione Source Type: research

Astrocytes in selective vulnerability to neurodegenerative disease
Trends Neurosci. 2024 Mar 22:S0166-2236(24)00024-9. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.02.008. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSelective vulnerability of specific brain regions and cell populations is a hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders. Mechanisms of selective vulnerability involve neuronal heterogeneity, functional specializations, and differential sensitivities to stressors and pathogenic factors. In this review we discuss the growing body of literature suggesting that, like neurons, astrocytes are heterogeneous and specialized, respond to and integrate diverse inputs, and induce selective effects on brain function. In diseas...
Source: Trends in Neurosciences - March 23, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Till S Zimmer Adam L Orr Anna G Orr Source Type: research

Embracing sleep-onset complexity
Trends Neurosci. 2024 Mar 12:S0166-2236(24)00018-3. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.02.002. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSleep is crucial for many vital functions and has been extensively studied. By contrast, the sleep-onset period (SOP), often portrayed as a mere prelude to sleep, has been largely overlooked and remains poorly characterized. Recent findings, however, have reignited interest in this transitional period and have shed light on its neural mechanisms, cognitive dynamics, and clinical implications. This review synthesizes the existing knowledge about the SOP in humans. We first examine the current definition of the ...
Source: Trends in Neurosciences - March 22, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: C élia Lacaux M élanie Strauss Tristan A Bekinschtein Delphine Oudiette Source Type: research

Supermultipotency and unpredictability in the developing superior colliculus
Trends Neurosci. 2024 Mar 20:S0166-2236(24)00038-9. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.03.001. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTA recent study by Cheung, Pauler, Koppensteiner et al. combining lineage tracing with single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has revealed unexpected features of the developing superior colliculus (SC). Extremely multipotent individual progenitors generate all types of SC neurons and glial cells that were found to localize in a non-predetermined pattern, demonstrating a remarkable degree of unpredictability in SC development.PMID:38514350 | DOI:10.1016/j.tins.2024.03.001 (Source: Trends in Neurosciences)
Source: Trends in Neurosciences - March 21, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Andrii Rudenko In-Jung Kim Source Type: research

The 'middle-aging' brain
Trends Neurosci. 2024 Mar 6:S0166-2236(24)00017-1. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.02.001. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMiddle age has historically been an understudied period of life compared to older age, when cognitive and brain health decline are most pronounced, but the scope for intervention may be limited. However, recent research suggests that middle age could mark a shift in brain aging. We review emerging evidence on multiple levels of analysis indicating that midlife is a period defined by unique central and peripheral processes that shape future cognitive trajectories and brain health. Informed by recent developments...
Source: Trends in Neurosciences - March 20, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sebastian Dohm-Hansen Jane A English Aonghus Lavelle Carlos P Fitzsimons Paul J Lucassen Yvonne M Nolan Source Type: research

Neurobiological basis of emergence from anesthesia
This article summarizes the fundamentals of anesthetics' actions in the brain and the mechanisms of emergence from anesthesia that have been recently revealed in animal studies.PMID:38490858 | DOI:10.1016/j.tins.2024.02.006 (Source: Trends in Neurosciences)
Source: Trends in Neurosciences - March 15, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Xue-Jun Song Jiang-Jian Hu Source Type: research

The selfish network: how the brain preserves behavioral function through shifts in neuronal network state
Trends Neurosci. 2024 Mar 13:S0166-2236(24)00021-3. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.02.005. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTNeuronal networks possess the ability to regulate their activity states in response to disruptions. How and when neuronal networks turn from physiological into pathological states, leading to the manifestation of neuropsychiatric disorders, remains largely unknown. Here, we propose that neuronal networks intrinsically maintain network stability even at the cost of neuronal loss. Despite the new stable state being potentially maladaptive, neural networks may not reverse back to states associated with better lon...
Source: Trends in Neurosciences - March 14, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Albrecht Stroh Susann Schweiger Jan-Marino Ramirez Oliver T üscher Source Type: research