Occurrence of fumonisin-producing black aspergilli in Australian wine grapes: effects of temperature and water activity on fumonisin production by A. niger and A. welwitschiae
AbstractBlack aspergilli are some of the most common mycotoxigenic fungi in vineyards worldwide. The aims of this research were to assess the occurrence of fumonisin-producing black aspergilli in Australian wine grapes and the effects of environmental factors on fumonisin production byA. niger andA. welwitschiae (syn.A.awamori). Thirty-eightAspergillus isolates (black aspergilli) were collected from six wine grape varieties grown in Australian vineyards. LC –MS/MS analysis of culture extracts revealed that six isolates produced fumonisins FB2 and FB4. Molecular data revealed that all fumonisin-producing isolates wereA. n...
Source: Mycotoxin Research - October 25, 2021 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Influence of processing steps on the fate of ochratoxin A, patulin, and alternariol during production of cloudy and clear apple juices
AbstractMycotoxins are frequently found in fruits and fruit juices. However, data about occurrence and fate of mycotoxins along the fruit juice processing chain are currently insufficient. Herein, a liquid chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric (LC –MS/MS) multi-mycotoxin method was developed and applied to investigate the effect of technological unit operations on the fate of three of the most relevant mycotoxins along the processing chain for cloudy and clear apple juice, namely patulin (PAT), ochratoxin A (OTA), and alternariol (AOH). Raw juice obtained directly after dejuicing was spiked with the aforementioned my...
Source: Mycotoxin Research - October 25, 2021 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Quantitative risk assessment for aflatoxin M1 associated with the consumption of milk and traditional dairy products in Argentina
AbstractA quantitative risk assessment for exposure to aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) related to the consumption of milk and traditional dairy products of Argentina was developed. The frequency and concentration of AFM1 was modelled at various stages through the milk processes, considering Argentinean practices. Concentration of AFM1 (0.046 μg/l, 95%CI = 0.002–0.264 μg/l) in raw milk was estimated. The AFM1 concentration in milk was sensitive to the carry-over rate (r = 0.80), and milk yield in the first third of lactation during the spring–summer season (r = 0.11). AFB1 levels in silage (r = 0.22), pasture d...
Source: Mycotoxin Research - October 9, 2021 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
A systematic literature review on the effects of mycotoxin exposure on insects and on mycotoxin accumulation and biotransformation
AbstractNovel protein sources for animal feed are needed, and the use of insects as feed ingredient is explored. The insect production sector offers opportunities for a circular and sustainable approach to feed production by upgrading waste or side streams into high-quality proteins. However, potential food or feed safety issues should be studied in advance. Mycotoxins, such as aflatoxin B1, are natural contaminants commonly found in agricultural crops and have proven to be detrimental to the agricultural industry, livestock, and human health. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the published...
Source: Mycotoxin Research - October 7, 2021 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Survey of zearalenone and type-B trichothecene mycotoxins in swine feed in the USA
AbstractNew information is needed regarding the types and concentrations of mycotoxins in swine feed. We hypothesized that (1) the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-AcDON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-AcDON), nivalenol (NIV), and zearalenone (ZEN) vary among swine ingredient and feed types, and (2) the inclusion of specific ingredients is associated with mycotoxin contamination in complete feed. A total of 707 samples were collected from cooperators in 14 states between June 2018 and January 2020 then analyzed for DON, 3-AcDON, 15-AcDON, NIV, and ZEN contamination using gas chromatography –mass s...
Source: Mycotoxin Research - September 18, 2021 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Retraction Note to: Deoxynivalenol-induced alterations in the redox status of HepG2 cells: identification of lipid hydroperoxides, the role of Nrf2-Keap1 signaling, and protective effects of zinc
(Source: Mycotoxin Research)
Source: Mycotoxin Research - August 20, 2021 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
An overview on possible links between aflatoxin B1 exposure and gallbladder cancer
AbstractGallbladder cancer (GBC) is one of the most common sites for biliary tract cancers. It has a worldwide distribution being endemic in South America and Southern Asia. These high GBC rates have previously been linked to the determinants of health such as nutrition, genetics, lifestyle, and environment. Exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a human carcinogen, is suggested to be involved with GBC development. This work aims to analyse the interplay of social, lifestyle, and genetic predisposing factors to GBC. AFB1 plays a pivotal role in carcinogenic onset by genetic and epigenetic modifications. AFB1 can induce molecular...
Source: Mycotoxin Research - July 28, 2021 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Current and future perspectives of mycotoxin research — report from the 42nd Mycotoxin Workshop (Online conference)
(Source: Mycotoxin Research)
Source: Mycotoxin Research - July 28, 2021 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Detection of aflatoxin M1 in bovine milk from different agro-climatic zones of Chhattisgarh, India, using HPLC-FLD and assessment of human health risks
This study provides valuable information on the contamination status of milk in one of the fastest developing state of India. It also highlights the importance and need for continuous farmers’ awareness on good animal husbandry practices, routine surveillance of mycotoxins in animal f eeds and food commodities to safeguard human health. (Source: Mycotoxin Research)
Source: Mycotoxin Research - July 22, 2021 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Effects of temperature and soil fauna on the reduction and leaching of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone from Fusarium graminearum-infected maize stubbles
AbstractA microcosm study was conducted at two different temperatures under laboratory conditions to investigate the regulatory capacity and the interactive performance of two soil fauna species (Aporrectodea caliginosa, earthworms, andProisotoma minuta, collembolans) on the reduction ofFusarium toxins in contaminated maize stubbles. Single and mixed species treatments were exposed to artificially infected maize stubbles highly contaminated with the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) (10,462 µg kg−1) and zearalenone (ZEN) (2,780 µg kg−1) at 17 °C and 25 °C for time periods of 3 and 6 weeks. Immediately after...
Source: Mycotoxin Research - June 25, 2021 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in human breast milk in Bangladesh
This study is the first to explore the presence of AFM1 in breast milk samples from Bangladesh and assess infant exposure to this toxin, as a consequence of maternal mycotoxin intake. A total of 62 breast milk samples were collected from nursing mothers in Sylhet region of Bangladesh. The milk samples were collected between October 2019 and March 2020 and analyzed by a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AFM1 was detected in 51.6% of the breast milk samples (colostrum, transitional and mature milk), with a mean concentration of 4.42 ± 0.56 pg/mL, and in the range between LOD (4.0 pg/mL) and 6.66 pg/mL. The freque...
Source: Mycotoxin Research - June 22, 2021 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Cross-talk between Fusarium verticillioides and Aspergillus flavus in vitro and in planta
AbstractDriven by increasing temperatures and the higher incidences of heat waves during summer, an increased incidence ofAspergillus flavus next toFusarium verticillioides in European maize can be expected. In the current study, we investigated the interaction between both species. Colonies ofA. flavus/F. verticillioides were grown in a single culture, in a dual culture, and in a mixed culture. The growth rate ofA. flavus andF. verticillioides grown in a dual or mixed culture with the other species was clearly slower compared to the growth rate in a single culture. Mycotoxin production was in most cases negatively affecte...
Source: Mycotoxin Research - June 14, 2021 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Aspergillus section Flavi and aflatoxins in Brazilian cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and products
AbstractAflatoxins are carcinogenic compounds produced by some species ofAspergillus, especially those belonging toAspergillus sectionFlavi. Their occurrence in food may start in the field, in the post-harvest, or during storage due to inadequate handling and storage. Because cassava is a staple food for a high percentage of the Brazilian population, we evaluated the presence of aflatoxin-producing species in cassava tubers, cassava products (cassava flour, cassava starch, sour starch, and tapioca flour), and in soil samples collected from cassava fields. In addition, the levels of aflatoxin contamination in cassava produc...
Source: Mycotoxin Research - May 26, 2021 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
A preliminary study on mycobiota and ochratoxin a contamination in commercial palm dates (Phoenix dactylifera)
AbstractThe occurrence of mycotoxins and mycotoxigenic fungi in palm dates has not been thoroughly documented. The aims of the present study were to identify the mycobiota present in commercial date samples (n = 19), to determine the ability of the isolated fungi to produce mycotoxins, and to determine and quantify the presence of OTA in date fruits. The majority of products originated from Tunisia (n = 14) and Algeria (n = 3). The dominant fungal species wereAspergillus niger,Aspergillus tubingensis andAspergillus flavus which were most frequently found in premium quality and organic produce, produced without...
Source: Mycotoxin Research - May 21, 2021 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
An overview on possible links between aflatoxin B 1 exposure and gallbladder cancer
AbstractGallbladder cancer (GBC) is one of the most common sites for biliary tract cancers. It has a worldwide distribution being endemic in South America and Southern Asia. These high GBC rates have previously been linked to the determinants of health such as nutrition, genetics, lifestyle, and environment. Exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a human carcinogen, is suggested to be involved with GBC development. This work aims to analyse the interplay of social, lifestyle, and genetic predisposing factors to GBC. AFB1 plays a pivotal role in carcinogenic onset by genetic and epigenetic modifications. AFB1 can induce molecular...
Source: Mycotoxin Research - May 21, 2021 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
