Lithothamnium calcareum (Pallas) Areschoug seaweed adsorbs aflatoxin B 1 in vitro and improves broiler chicken ’s performance
This study aimed to evaluate the aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) adsorption capacity of the seaweedLithothamnium calcareum in vitro and to prevent aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens. In vitro adsorption assays were performed at a single AFB1 concentration (1 μg/mL) and four seaweed concentrations (0.50, 1, 1.5 and 2 mg/mL) at pH 3 and pH 6. The maximum adsorption was obtained at the lowest seaweed content (0.62 and 0.78 μg/mg). Male broiler chickens (256) were housed in metallic cages. Experimental diets were T1 (control), 18 μg/kg AFB1; T2, 18 μg/kg AFB1 and 0.2%L. calcareum (2.0 kg/ton); T3, 1018 μg/kg AFB1; and T4, 10...
Source: Mycotoxin Research - July 13, 2020 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Development of a simultaneous quantification method for ten trichothecenes including deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside in feed
AbstractAn analytical method for the simultaneous quantitation of ten trichothecenes of type A (HT-2 toxin, T-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol, and neosolaniol) and type B (3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, deoxynivalenol, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, nivalenol, and fusarenon-X) in feed has been developed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Mycotoxins extracted twice from samples using aqueous acetonitrile were purified using a multifunctional clean-up column, followed by a phospholipid removal column. Trichothecenes were analysed using liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure chemical ion...
Source: Mycotoxin Research - July 10, 2020 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Subchronic exposure to individual and combined ochratoxin A and citrinin affects the expression of rat renal organic anion transporters
AbstractOchratoxin A (OTA) and citrinin (CIT) are mycotoxins known to co-contaminate human/animal food/feed. Their prominent nephrotoxic effects pose a threat to human and animal health. Studies have shown synergistic or additive effects of these two mycotoxins, but a clear consensus on this phenomenon does not exist. In vitro/vivo studies on OTA and CIT effects showed they elevate oxidative stress parameters. Some in vitro studies tested resveratrol (RSV) as a potential antioxidant to counteract these OTA and CIT effects. However, data on the combined effects of OTA + CIT mycotoxins and RSV on their in vivo toxicity ...
Source: Mycotoxin Research - July 10, 2020 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
A preliminary assessment of dietary exposure of ochratoxin A in Central Anatolia Region, Turkey
In this study, 500 food samples (50 rice, 50 wheat bread, 50 pasta, 50 raisins, 50 dried figs, 50 pistachios, 50 hazelnuts, 50 almonds, 50 chilli, 25 coffee, and 25 cocoa) collected from Turkey were analysed with a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Moreover, a total of 370 analytical results (110 cereal-based snacks, 95 wine, 35 beer, and 130 chocolate) collected from our previous observations were also used in the evaluation of exposure estimates. OTA was found in 52% of cocoa, 42% of raisins, 40% of coffee, 34% of chilli, 14% of dried figs, 10% of pasta, 8% of pistachios, 6% of wheat bread, 4% of rice...
Source: Mycotoxin Research - July 2, 2020 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Effects of trichothecene mycotoxin T-2 toxin on haematological and immunological parameters of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss )
AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the effects of T-2 toxin –contaminated feed (at concentrations of 1.0 and 1.8 mg/kg) on the rainbow trout immune system by studying non-specific cellular and humoral immune responses and its effect on red and white blood cells. Consumption of T-2 toxin at both concentrations resulted in significantly increased erythrocyte counts and a decrease in mean corpuscular volume. While a significant decrease in mean corpuscular haemoglobin was observed at both experimental concentrations, the decrease in plasma haemoglobin was only significant at the higher T-2 toxin concentration. High...
Source: Mycotoxin Research - May 24, 2020 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Could mycotoxigenic Fusarium sp. play a role in ulcerative dermal necrosis (UDN) of brown trout ( Salmo trutta morpha trutta )?
AbstractFusarium infections have been reported in aquatic animals, but are still poorly investigated in wild salmonids. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of the fungi and their toxins on the health status of brown trout (Salmo trutta morphatrutta) migrating from the Baltic Sea to the freshwater. Individuals from the wild brown trout population exhibiting ulcerative skin lesions were collected from the S łupia River in Poland and subjected to microbiological, histopathological, and hematological examinations, as well as toxicological analysis for a presence of mycotoxins. The results of microflora isolation ...
Source: Mycotoxin Research - May 4, 2020 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Correction to: Deoxynivalenol-induced alterations in the redox status of HepG2 cells: identification of lipid hydroperoxides, the role of Nrf2-Keap1 signaling, and protective effects of zinc
The original version of this paper was published with error. The presentation of author name"Tan Hui" should be"Hui Tan". (Source: Mycotoxin Research)
Source: Mycotoxin Research - April 22, 2020 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Aflatoxins in the soil ecosystem: an overview of its occurrence, fate, effects and future perspectives
AbstractAflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by specific strains of fungi, especiallyAspergillus spp. These natural toxins are mainly found in soil, decaying vegetation and food storage systems and are particularly abundant during drought stress. Aflatoxin contamination is one of the most important threats to food safety and human health due to its toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. Therefore, most research focuses on post-harvest contamination of aflatoxins in feed and food commodities but very limited information is available about aflatoxin contamination and its toxicological consequences in the soil...
Source: Mycotoxin Research - April 7, 2020 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Deoxynivalenol-induced alterations in the redox status of HepG2 cells: identification of lipid hydroperoxides, the role of Nrf2-Keap1 signaling, and protective effects of zinc
AbstractDeoxynivalenol (DON) is a type B trichothecenes that is widely contaminating human and animal foods, leading to several toxicological implications if ingested. Induction of oxidative stress and production of lipid peroxides were suggested to be the reasons for DON-induced cytotoxicity. However, detailed and comprehensive profiling of DON-related lipid hydroperoxides was not identified. Furthermore, the mechanisms behind DON-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress have received less attention. Zinc (Zn) is an essential element that has antioxidant activities; however, the protective effects of Zn against DON-induc...
Source: Mycotoxin Research - February 18, 2020 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Correction to: truncated satratoxin gene clusters in selected isolates of the atranone chemotype of Stachybotrys chartarum (Ehrenb.) S. Hughes
The original version of this paper was published with error. The supplementary materials originally provided were not captured during article production. (Source: Mycotoxin Research)
Source: Mycotoxin Research - February 12, 2020 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Fusarium mycotoxins in total mixed rations for dairy cows
AbstractMycotoxins produced by certain fungal species of theFusarium genus are frequently found as contaminants in cereals and feedstuffs. Fumonisins (FBs), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) are of special concern relative to animal health and productivity. The aim of this work was to analyse the levels ofFusarium mycotoxin contamination in samples of total mixed rations (TMRs) for dairy cows. To accomplish this analysis, an HPLC-MS/MS multi-mycotoxin method was developed and validated. The relation between the formulation of TMR samples and the presence of mycotoxins was also studied. From February 2016 to Januar...
Source: Mycotoxin Research - February 11, 2020 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Ochratoxin A in human blood plasma samples from apparently healthy volunteers in Nanjing, China
This study was conducted to investigate the exposure to ochratoxin A (OTA) of populations living in Nanjing, China. Plasma samples were collected from 147 healthy adults (age 18 –63 years) and analyzed for OTA by a reliable and sensitive ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method (limit of detection 0.04 ng/mL). After enzymatic hydrolysis by β-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase, OTA was detected in 80.9% plasma samples with mean concentration of 0.26 ± 0.59 ng/mL (range 0.04–6.59 ng/mL). The estimated daily intakes of OTA based on plasma concentrations (mean 0.51 ng/kg...
Source: Mycotoxin Research - February 2, 2020 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Optimization and validation of a LC-HRMS method for aflatoxins determination in urine samples
This study aims to explore the possible contribution of the occupational exposure to aflatoxins by anal ysing urine samples for the presence of aflatoxins B1 and M1 and aflatoxin B1-N7-guanine adduct. The study was conducted in 2017 on two groups of volunteers, the workers group, composed by personnel employed in an Italian feed plant (n = 32), and a control group (n = 29), composed by the administrative employees of the same feed plant; a total of 120 urine samples were collected and analysed. A screening method and a quantitative method with high-resolution mass spectrometry determination were developed and fully...
Source: Mycotoxin Research - January 30, 2020 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Maternal mycotoxin exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review
In conclusion, there is already some evidence to suggest that exposure to mycotoxins during pregnancy may have detrimental effects on pregnancy outcomes. However, given the limited number of studies, especially on effects ofFusarium mycotoxins, more studies are needed for a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of different mycotoxins on maternal and fetal health and to guide public health policies and interventions. (Source: Mycotoxin Research)
Source: Mycotoxin Research - January 26, 2020 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Determination of ochratoxin A in pork meat products: single laboratory validation method and preparation of homogeneous batch materials
AbstractOchratoxin A is one of the most diffused mycotoxin present in a large spectrum of food commodities, mainly produced byAspergillus ochraceus,Aspergillus carbonarius,Aspergillus niger andPenicillium verrucosum. EU has set maximum limits for a number of matrices such as cereals, wine, spices and liquorice, whilst other commodities such as beer and meat products that are susceptible of OTA contamination and are largely consumed are not included. In 2013, within the framework of the Regulation (EC) 882/2004 on official controls, the European Commission issued the mandate M/520 regarding the standardisation for methods o...
Source: Mycotoxin Research - January 23, 2020 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
